Adaptation to Climate Change

Renew：Part 12
Author：Mark Pelling
Update：08-15-2023
Tags：Politics Social Science
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Chapter List

Chapter 2.
Chapter 1, a sizable and fundamental literature on adaptation is directed towards differentiating adaptations (see Smit et al., 2000; Smit and Pilifosova, 2001). Table 2.3 presents a typology of adaptation to be taken forward in this framework, and also distinguishes between the impacts of different adaptive actions. These include actions that respond to perceived positive as well as negative impacts of climate change; those that are felt directly (heat events), indirectly (the price of food or water) or through perturbations in socio-ecological systems (political instability). They are acts unfolding within many sectors (urban planning, water management, agriculture development, transport planning and so on) and using a range of vehicles (technical innovation, legislative reform, market adjustment, professional training, behavioural change). They describe both the nature of an adaptive action and its scope of impact.
Chapter 4) and transformation (Chapter 5) as sub-sets of resilience. These are not problematic arguments, but the framework presented in this book finds the distinctions so central to the nature of adaptation that separate ident.i.ties are proposed for these three forms of adaptation. This conviction comes from empirical work where imposing resilience in the face of great social inequality is very problematic (see Chapters 7 and 8).
Chapter 6.
Chapter 4). Subsequent claims on the existing system results in modifications at the subsystem level. Over time and in aggregate this forces an evolutionary transformation in the overarching system under a.n.a.lysis. It is this pathway to transformation which existing climate change literature has focused upon. With an interest in practical ways in which productive systems might transform under climate change, Nelson et al. (2007) describe this process as systems adjustment and include the implementation of new management decisions or the redesigning of the built environment as examples. This aspect is considered in Chapter 4.
Chapter 2). This is important because existing bases for organising and implementing policy are challenged by the complex, dynamic, "trans-scientific" (Weinberg, 1972) cross-epistemic problems a.s.sociated with climate change. In responding there is a need to develop organisational capabilities that reflect the uncertain nature of knowledge. Central to this task is a better understanding of the ways in which organisations learn and adapt. This is especially so when adaptive innovations challenge dominant ways of thinking and defining goals and responsibilities.
Chapter 4 both in terms of the scale of a.n.a.lysis but also the a.n.a.lytical lens. This shifts from one that stays close to the systems-based a.n.a.lysis of social learning and self-organisation to one that deploys aspects of discourse a.n.a.lysis and regime theory to help emphasise the political and value rich contexts that, alongside capacity for self-organisation, help determine innovation and dissemination of new ideas from the base and how far these might re-shape local governance regimes for adaptation and development in these sites. Different actors are shown to hold contrasting and sometimes conflicting visions of development that in turn lead to preferences for resilience, transition or transformation in society when faced with climate change. Following this introduction a short contextual section provides geographical and methodological background to the study. Each settlement is then a.n.a.lysed using a common framework with a concluding discussion drawing out contrasting relations between adaptation and development in each case.
Chapter 8
Chapter 1 sketches the existing international intellectual and policy landscape within which reforms can take root. Though not presented in Chapter 1, Bangladesh is an early leader in state-sponsored adaptation planning that acknowledges the centrality of governance. With support from the UK"s DFID, Bangladesh has proposed several technical programmes for adaptation. Each of these programmes is supported by a layer of social policy that at once indicates the social justice lying at the core of adaptation: distributional justice is supported through investment in a social protection scheme and procedural justice through partnership with community-based adaptation, though the extent to which governance reforms are implemented remains to be seen.
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12