The Philosophy of Spinoza

Renew：Part 30
Author：Benedictus de Spinoza
Update：08-15-2023
Tags：Philosophy
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Chapter List

Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter IV), to their temporal bodily happiness and the tranquillity of their kingdom, and that therefore they were only valid while that kingdom lasted. If in the Old Testament they are spoken of as the law of G.o.d, it is only because they were founded on revelation, or a basis of revelation. Still as reason, however sound, has little weight with ordinary theologians, I will adduce the authority of Scripture for what I here a.s.sert, and will further show, for the sake of greater clearness, why and how these ceremonials served to establish and preserve the Jewish kingdom. Isaiah teaches most plainly that the Divine law in its strict sense signifies that universal law which consists in a true manner of life, and does not signify ceremonial observances. In chapter i., verse 10, the prophet calls on his countrymen to hearken to the Divine law as he delivers it, and first excluding all kinds of sacrifices and all feasts, he at length sums up the law in these few words: "Cease to do evil, learn to do well: seek judgment, relieve the oppressed." Not less striking testimony is given in Psalm xl. 7-9, where the Psalmist addresses G.o.d: "Sacrifice and offering Thou didst not desire; mine ears hast Thou opened; burnt offering and sin-offering hast Thou not required; I delight to do Thy will, O my G.o.d; yea, Thy law is within my heart." Here the Psalmist reckons as the law of G.o.d only that which is inscribed in his heart, and excludes ceremonies therefrom, for the latter are good and inscribed on the heart only from the fact of their inst.i.tution, and not because of their intrinsic value.
Chapter V about Divine law--namely, that all that G.o.d wishes or determines involves eternal necessity and truth, for we demonstrated that G.o.d"s understanding is identical with His will, and that it is the same thing to say that G.o.d wills a thing, as to say that He understands it; hence, as it follows necessarily from the Divine nature and perfection that G.o.d understands a thing as it is, it follows no less necessarily that He wills it as it is. Now, as nothing is necessarily true save only by Divine decree, it is plain that the universal laws of Nature are decrees of G.o.d following from the necessity and perfection of the Divine nature.
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter Eight.
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 19
Chapter 20
Chapter Eight _ad fin._
Chapter 22
Chapter 23
Chapter 24
Chapter 25
Chapter 26
Chapter 27
Chapter 28
Chapter 29
Chapter 30