The Return Of The Shadow

Renew：Part 30
Author：J. R. R. Tolkien
Update：08-15-2023
Tags：Fiction Literature
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Chapter List

Chapter 1.
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter x (FR p.44). For the earliest form see p. 47; and see further p.246 note 18.
Chapter II", and he numbered the pages (previously unnumbered) in Greek letters, beginning at this point. Thus the first page is left out. But these pencillings were clearly put in long after, and in my view they cast no doubt on the validity of the opening section as an integral part of the text. May be it had at one time become separated and mislaid; but as the papers were found it was placed with the rest.
Chapter 6
Chapter VII and progresses towards quite unforeseen goals.
Chapter III, where Gandalf said to him before the Party "But you must go quickly" (p. 83).
Chapter III (p. 81), and indeed goes back to The Hobbit, where at the end of Chapter VII "Queer Lodgings" Gandalf speaks of the "dark tower" of the Necromancer, in the south of Mirkwood. But it is difficult to feel sure where at this stage my father imagined the Dark Tower to stand. Tom Bombadil says (p. 129) that he "is not master of the Riders that come out of the Black Land far beyond his country", and the name Mordor had certainly arisen: cf. the second version of The Fall of Numenor (V.29, 31), "And they came at last even to Mordor the Black Country, where Sauron, that is in the Gnomish tongue named Thu, has rebuilt his fortresses." See further p. 218 note 17.
Chapter 10 "Strider", ending part way through FR Chapter 11 "A Knife in the Dark", but the first part of the narrative to be given now exists in two structurally quite distinct forms (both written legibly in ink). These my father marked "Short" and "Alternative", but for the purposes of this chapter I shall call them A ("Alternative") and B ("Short"). The relation between the two is a textual conundrum, though I think it can be explained,(1) the question is however of no great importance for the history of the narrative, since the two versions obviously belong to the same time. I give first the alternative A (on which my father subsequently wrote "Use this version").
Chapter VII, which I have divided into two, ends.
Chapter XI (though in rather an illegible state)..."
Chapter VIII continues, without any break, in the same form, ink over pencil. While in the earlier part of this chapter I have given the full original text even in the concluding pa.s.sage, where there is scarcely any material difference from FR (since the attack of the Ring-wraiths is a scene of exceptional importance), in this part I do not do so throughout. The narrative is very close to that of FR Chapter 12, "Flight to the Ford" (with a fair number of minor differences and some less minor), and for much of its length the wording almost the same. In those parts where the original text is not given, however, it can be understood that all differences of any significance are remarked. After it is told that the hobbits (Sam in FR) heard Bingo"s voice crying out strange words, it is further said that they "had seen a red flash; and Trotter came dashing up with flaming wood." So also in the fragmentary outline given on pp. r 88 - g "There was a flash"; but this is absent in FR. Perhaps the reference is to Bingo"s sword that "flickered redly as if it was a firebrand" (p. 186), a detail preserved in FR p. 208. Trotter"s first return to the dell is slightly differently told, but this is chiefly because Sam"s distrust of Strider is of course absent, and there is nothing in the old version corresponding to Strider"s words to Sam apart (FR pp. 209-10). When Trotter lifted the black cloak from the ground he said only: "That was the stroke of your sword. What harm it did to the Rider I do not know. Fire is better."
Chapter I, "Many Meetings") have been given on p. 126. The original narrative draft is extant in a very rough ma.n.u.script, first in ink, then in pencil and petering out. It was variously emended and added to, but I give it here as my father seems to have set it down - granting that there is often no clear distinction between changes made at once and changes made after (and probably no significant distinction in time, in any case). This and the two following drafts all bear the number "IX" without t.i.tle.
Chapter IX (later to be called "Many Meetings") at the point where Gloin was telling Bingo about King Brand of Dale; this is at the bottom of a page that bears the number IX.8. I have already noticed (p. 213) that on the reverse of this page, numbered IX.9, the conversation continues - but it is obviously discontinuous with what precedes, being written in different ink and a different script, and Gloin is now talking to "Frodo", not "Bingo"; and in fact, after this point in the narrative of The Lord of the Rings "Bingo" never appears again.
Chapter II was "Three"s Company and Four"s More" (p. 49). - A pencilled note on the same page says: "Should Bingo spend all his money? Is it not better he should be sacrificing something? Though he must give out that he has spent it."
Chapter XIX "The Last Stage": ... they had at last driven the Necromancer from his dark hold in the south of Mirkwood.
Chapter III, but was given no t.i.tle. Later, he scribbled in at the head of the text "Delays are Dangerous" (which is the t.i.tle ab initio of the following version of the chapter), and it is convenient to adopt this here.
Chapter 5 in The Fellowship of the Ring, to a very great extent word for word, and there is not much that needs to be said about it.
Chapter V "A Conspiracy is Unmasked" had been separated off from "A Short Cut to Mushrooms". Extensive emendations, made in red ink to the original ma.n.u.script, bring the text still closer in detail of wording to that of FR (but the topographical differences noticed on pp. 113 - 14 remain). The parts played in the Willow-man episode are changed by the presence of Sam Gamgee in the party. Bingo and Odo are still the two who are caught in the cracks of the tree, and Frodo Took is still the one pushed into the river; but whereas in the original story it was Marmaduke (i.e. Merry) who rounded up the ponies and rescued Frodo Took from the water, Sam now takes over this part (as in FR), while Merry "lay like a log."
Chapter III: "Delays are Dangerous".
Chapter g in FR, the present text moves almost to the final form (which has in any case been virtually attained, in the latter part, already in the original version, see p.140). Frodo"s feeling that the suggestion that he put on the Ring came to him "from outside, from someone or something in the room" is present. At first my father wrote simply that the "swarthy-faced fellow" (Bill Ferney) (4) "slipped out of the door, followed by one of the southerners: not a well-favoured pair", but by a change that seems little later than the writing of the ma.n.u.script this became: Very soon he slipped out of the door, followed by Harry the gate-keeper, and by one of the southerners: the three had been whispering together in a corner most of the evening. For a moment he wondered if the Ring itself had not played him a trick - or perhaps obeyed orders other than his own. He did not like the looks of the three men that had gone out, especially not the [dark- eyed >] squint-eyed southerner.
Chapter 10 "Strider", to p. 201, in the course of Chapter 11 "A Knife in the Dark"), the narrative of this third phase version follows the original (pp. 162 - 71) closely in almost all points where that differed from FR, and ends at the same point.
Chapter IX, at Gloin"s account to Bingo Bolger-Baggins of the realm of Dale (p. 213): In Dale the grandson of Bard the Bowman ruled, Brand son of Bain son of Bard, and he was become a strong king whose realm included Esgaroth, and much land to the south of the great falls.
Chapter III, "A Short Rest"): "I have heard that there are still forgotten treasures to be found in the deserted caverns of the mines of Moria, since the dwarf and goblin war", and the words here "These again deserted - except for Goblins", taken with those in Queries and Alterations (ibid.) "But after a time no word was heard of them", clearly imply the story in The Lard of the Rings. The land of the Stone-Men (see $6) is the "Land of Ond", and the "City of Stone" ($7) will be besieged. Here also there is the first hint of the story of the capture of Frodo and his rescue by Sam Gamgee from the tower of Cirith Ungol; and most notable of all, perhaps, the first mention of the Searching Eye in the Dark Tower.
Chapter XII, p. 362, afterwards called "Many Meetings", when he antic.i.p.ated that it would contain the Council as well as the "many meetings" that preceded it).
Chapter 27
Chapter 28
Chapter VII "Queer Lodgings"), while in the published LR goblins is hardly ever used.
Chapter XVI" (Letters no. 37). The chapter-numbers at this stage are unfortunately so erratic that the evidence they provide is very difficult to use; but when it is observed that the number "XV" was pencilled on the original ma.n.u.script of "The Council of Elrond", and that the chapter which afterwards continued the story from the point where the present text ends - originally called "The Mines of Moria (ii)" and afterwards "The Bridge of Khazad-dum" - is numbered "XVII", it seems probable that it was to "The Mines of Moria" that my father referred in the letter of December 1939. In any case "Chapter XVI" could not by any reckoning be one of the chapters of Book I in FR. I feel sure, therefore, that - more than a quarter of a century later - he erred in his recollection of the year. But it would be out of the question that he should err in his recollection that he "halted for a long while by Balin"s tomb in Moria." Internal evidence in any case suggests that the "wave" of composition which had carried the story from the Council of Elrond to the chamber of Balin"s tomb came to an end here. All subsequent texts rest on a developed form of the Council and a different composition of the Company of the Ring.