"This room isn"t only a library," Captain Nemo said, "it"s also a smoking room."
"A smoking room?" I exclaimed. "Then one may smoke on board?"
"Surely."
"In that case, sir, I"m forced to believe that you"ve kept up relations with Havana."
"None whatever," the captain replied. "Try this cigar, Professor Aronnax, and even though it doesn"t come from Havana, it will satisfy you if you"re a connoisseur."
I took the cigar offered me, whose shape recalled those from Cuba; but it seemed to be made of gold leaf. I lit it at a small brazier supported by an elegant bronze stand, and I inhaled my first whiffs with the relish of a smoker who hasn"t had a puff in days.
"It"s excellent," I said, "but it"s not from the tobacco plant."
"Right," the captain replied, "this tobacco comes from neither Havana nor the Orient. It"s a kind of nicotine-rich seaweed that the ocean supplies me, albeit sparingly. Do you still miss your Cubans, sir?"
"Captain, I scorn them from this day forward."
"Then smoke these cigars whenever you like, without debating their origin. They bear no government seal of approval, but I imagine they"re none the worse for it."
"On the contrary."
Just then Captain Nemo opened a door facing the one by which I had entered the library, and I pa.s.sed into an immense, splendidly lit lounge.
It was a huge quadrilateral with canted corners, ten meters long, six wide, five high. A luminous ceiling, decorated with delicate arabesques, distributed a soft, clear daylight over all the wonders gathered in this museum. For a museum it truly was, in which clever hands had spared no expense to ama.s.s every natural and artistic treasure, displaying them with the helter-skelter picturesqueness that distinguishes a painter"s studio.
Some thirty pictures by the masters, uniformly framed and separated by gleaming panoplies of arms, adorned walls on which were stretched tapestries of austere design. There I saw canvases of the highest value, the likes of which I had marveled at in private European collections and art exhibitions. The various schools of the old masters were represented by a Raphael Madonna, a Virgin by Leonardo da Vinci, a nymph by Correggio, a woman by t.i.tian, an adoration of the Magi by Veronese, an a.s.sumption of the Virgin by Murillo, a Holbein portrait, a monk by Velazquez, a martyr by Ribera, a village fair by Rubens, two Flemish landscapes by Teniers, three little genre paintings by Gerard Dow, Metsu, and Paul Potter, two canvases by Gericault and Prud"hon, plus seascapes by Backhuysen and Vernet. Among the works of modern art were pictures signed by Delacroix, Ingres, Decamps, Troyon, Meissonier, Daubigny, etc., and some wonderful miniature statues in marble or bronze, modeled after antiquity"s finest originals, stood on their pedestals in the corners of this magnificent museum. As the Nautilus"s commander had predicted, my mind was already starting to fall into that promised state of stunned amazement.
"Professor," this strange man then said, "you must excuse the informality with which I receive you, and the disorder reigning in this lounge."
"Sir," I replied, "without prying into who you are, might I venture to identify you as an artist?"
"A collector, sir, nothing more. Formerly I loved acquiring these beautiful works created by the hand of man. I sought them greedily, ferreted them out tirelessly, and I"ve been able to gather some objects of great value. They"re my last mementos of those sh.o.r.es that are now dead for me. In my eyes, your modern artists are already as old as the ancients. They"ve existed for 2,000 or 3,000 years, and I mix them up in my mind. The masters are ageless."
"What about these composers?" I said, pointing to sheet music by Weber, Rossini, Mozart, Beethoven, Haydn, Meyerbeer, Herold, Wagner, Auber, Gounod, Victor Ma.s.se, and a number of others scattered over a full size piano-organ, which occupied one of the wall panels in this lounge.
"These composers," Captain Nemo answered me, "are the contemporaries of Orpheus, because in the annals of the dead, all chronological differences fade; and I"m dead, professor, quite as dead as those friends of yours sleeping six feet under!"
Captain Nemo fell silent and seemed lost in reverie. I regarded him with intense excitement, silently a.n.a.lyzing his strange facial expression. Leaning his elbow on the corner of a valuable mosaic table, he no longer saw me, he had forgotten my very presence.
I didn"t disturb his meditations but continued to pa.s.s in review the curiosities that enriched this lounge.
After the works of art, natural rarities predominated. They consisted chiefly of plants, sh.e.l.ls, and other exhibits from the ocean that must have been Captain Nemo"s own personal finds. In the middle of the lounge, a jet of water, electrically lit, fell back into a basin made from a single giant clam. The delicately festooned rim of this sh.e.l.l, supplied by the biggest mollusk in the cla.s.s Acephala, measured about six meters in circ.u.mference; so it was even bigger than those fine giant clams given to King Francois I by the Republic of Venice, and which the Church of Saint-Sulpice in Paris has made into two gigantic holy-water fonts.
Around this basin, inside elegant gla.s.s cases fastened with copper bands, there were cla.s.sified and labeled the most valuable marine exhibits ever put before the eyes of a naturalist. My professorial glee may easily be imagined.
The zoophyte branch offered some very unusual specimens from its two groups, the polyps and the echinoderms. In the first group: organ-pipe coral, gorgonian coral arranged into fan shapes, soft sponges from Syria, isis coral from the Molucca Islands, sea-pen coral, wonderful coral of the genus Virgularia from the waters of Norway, various coral of the genus Umbellularia, alcyonarian coral, then a whole series of those madrepores that my mentor Professor Milne-Edwards has so shrewdly cla.s.sified into divisions and among which I noted the wonderful genus Flabellina as well as the genus Oculina from Reunion Island, plus a "Neptune"s chariot" from the Caribbean Sea--every superb variety of coral, and in short, every species of these unusual polyparies that congregate to form entire islands that will one day turn into continents. Among the echinoderms, notable for being covered with spines: starfish, feather stars, sea lilies, free-swimming crinoids, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea cuc.u.mbers, etc., represented a complete collection of the individuals in this group.
An excitable conchologist would surely have fainted dead away before other, more numerous gla.s.s cases in which were cla.s.sified specimens from the mollusk branch. There I saw a collection of incalculable value that I haven"t time to describe completely. Among these exhibits I"ll mention, just for the record: an elegant royal hammer sh.e.l.l from the Indian Ocean, whose evenly s.p.a.ced white spots stood out sharply against a base of red and brown; an imperial spiny oyster, brightly colored, bristling with thorns, a specimen rare to European museums, whose value I estimated at 20,000 francs; a common hammer sh.e.l.l from the seas near Queensland, very hard to come by; exotic c.o.c.kles from Senegal, fragile white bivalve sh.e.l.ls that a single breath could pop like a soap bubble; several varieties of watering-pot sh.e.l.l from Java, a sort of limestone tube fringed with leafy folds and much fought over by collectors; a whole series of top-sh.e.l.l snails--greenish yellow ones fished up from American seas, others colored reddish brown that patronize the waters off Queensland, the former coming from the Gulf of Mexico and notable for their overlapping sh.e.l.ls, the latter some sun-carrier sh.e.l.ls found in the southernmost seas, finally and rarest of all, the magnificent spurred-star sh.e.l.l from New Zealand; then some wonderful peppery-furrow sh.e.l.ls; several valuable species of cythera clams and venus clams; the trellis wentletrap snail from Tranquebar on India"s eastern sh.o.r.e; a marbled turban snail gleaming with mother-of-pearl; green parrot sh.e.l.ls from the seas of China; the virtually unknown cone snail from the genus Coenodullus; every variety of cowry used as money in India and Africa; a "glory-of-the-seas," the most valuable sh.e.l.l in the East Indies; finally, common periwinkles, delphinula snails, turret snails, violet snails, European cowries, volute snails, olive sh.e.l.ls, miter sh.e.l.ls, helmet sh.e.l.ls, murex snails, whelks, harp sh.e.l.ls, spiky periwinkles, triton snails, horn sh.e.l.ls, spindle sh.e.l.ls, conch sh.e.l.ls, spider conchs, limpets, gla.s.s snails, sea b.u.t.terflies-- every kind of delicate, fragile seash.e.l.l that science has baptized with its most delightful names.
Aside and in special compartments, strings of supremely beautiful pearls were spread out, the electric light flecking them with little fiery sparks: pink pearls pulled from salt.w.a.ter fan sh.e.l.ls in the Red Sea; green pearls from the rainbow abalone; yellow, blue, and black pearls, the unusual handiwork of various mollusks from every ocean and of certain mussels from rivers up north; in short, several specimens of incalculable worth that had been oozed by the rarest of sh.e.l.lfish. Some of these pearls were bigger than a pigeon egg; they more than equaled the one that the explorer Tavernier sold the Shah of Persia for 3,000,000 francs, and they surpa.s.sed that other pearl owned by the Imam of Muscat, which I had believed to be unrivaled in the entire world.
Consequently, to calculate the value of this collection was, I should say, impossible. Captain Nemo must have spent millions in acquiring these different specimens, and I was wondering what financial resources he tapped to satisfy his collector"s fancies, when these words interrupted me: "You"re examining my sh.e.l.ls, professor? They"re indeed able to fascinate a naturalist; but for me they have an added charm, since I"ve collected every one of them with my own two hands, and not a sea on the globe has escaped my investigations."
"I understand, captain, I understand your delight at strolling in the midst of this wealth. You"re a man who gathers his treasure in person. No museum in Europe owns such a collection of exhibits from the ocean. But if I exhaust all my wonderment on them, I"ll have nothing left for the ship that carries them! I have absolutely no wish to probe those secrets of yours! But I confess that my curiosity is aroused to the limit by this Nautilus, the motor power it contains, the equipment enabling it to operate, the ultra powerful force that brings it to life. I see some instruments hanging on the walls of this lounge whose purposes are unknown to me. May I learn--"
"Professor Aronnax," Captain Nemo answered me, "I"ve said you"d be free aboard my vessel, so no part of the Nautilus is off-limits to you. You may inspect it in detail, and I"ll be delighted to act as your guide."
"I don"t know how to thank you, sir, but I won"t abuse your good nature. I would only ask you about the uses intended for these instruments of physical measure--"
"Professor, these same instruments are found in my stateroom, where I"ll have the pleasure of explaining their functions to you. But beforehand, come inspect the cabin set aside for you. You need to learn how you"ll be lodged aboard the Nautilus."
I followed Captain Nemo, who, via one of the doors cut into the lounge"s canted corners, led me back down the ship"s gangways. He took me to the bow, and there I found not just a cabin but an elegant stateroom with a bed, a washstand, and various other furnishings.
I could only thank my host.
"Your stateroom adjoins mine," he told me, opening a door, "and mine leads into that lounge we"ve just left."
I entered the captain"s stateroom. It had an austere, almost monastic appearance. An iron bedstead, a worktable, some washstand fixtures. Subdued lighting. No luxuries. Just the bare necessities.
Captain Nemo showed me to a bench.
"Kindly be seated," he told me.
I sat, and he began speaking as follows.
CHAPTER 12.
Everything through Electricity.
"SIR," CAPTAIN NEMO SAID, showing me the instruments hanging on the walls of his stateroom, "these are the devices needed to navigate the Nautilus. Here, as in the lounge, I always have them before my eyes, and they indicate my position and exact heading in the midst of the ocean. You"re familiar with some of them, such as the thermometer, which gives the temperature inside the Nautilus; the barometer, which measures the heaviness of the outside air and forecasts changes in the weather; the humidistat, which indicates the degree of dryness in the atmosphere; the storm gla.s.s, whose mixture decomposes to foretell the arrival of tempests; the compa.s.s, which steers my course; the s.e.xtant, which takes the sun"s alt.i.tude and tells me my lat.i.tude; chronometers, which allow me to calculate my longitude; and finally, spygla.s.ses for both day and night, enabling me to scrutinize every point of the horizon once the Nautilus has risen to the surface of the waves."
"These are the normal navigational instruments," I replied, "and I"m familiar with their uses. But no doubt these others answer pressing needs unique to the Nautilus. That dial I see there, with the needle moving across it--isn"t it a pressure gauge?"
"It is indeed a pressure gauge. It"s placed in contact with the water, and it indicates the outside pressure on our hull, which in turn gives me the depth at which my submersible is sitting."
"And these are some new breed of sounding line?"
"They"re thermometric sounding lines that report water temperatures in the different strata."
"And these other instruments, whose functions I can"t even guess?"
"Here, professor, I need to give you some background information," Captain Nemo said. "So kindly hear me out."
He fell silent for some moments, then he said: "There"s a powerful, obedient, swift, and effortless force that can be bent to any use and which reigns supreme aboard my vessel. It does everything. It lights me, it warms me, it"s the soul of my mechanical equipment. This force is electricity."
"Electricity!" I exclaimed in some surprise.
"Yes, sir."
"But, captain, you have a tremendous speed of movement that doesn"t square with the strength of electricity. Until now, its dynamic potential has remained quite limited, capable of producing only small amounts of power!"
"Professor," Captain Nemo replied, "my electricity isn"t the run-of-the-mill variety, and with your permission, I"ll leave it at that."
"I won"t insist, sir, and I"ll rest content with simply being flabbergasted at your results. I would ask one question, however, which you needn"t answer if it"s indiscreet. The electric cells you use to generate this marvelous force must be depleted very quickly. Their zinc component, for example: how do you replace it, since you no longer stay in contact with the sh.o.r.e?"
"That question deserves an answer," Captain Nemo replied. "First off, I"ll mention that at the bottom of the sea there exist veins of zinc, iron, silver, and gold whose mining would quite certainly be feasible. But I"ve tapped none of these land-based metals, and I wanted to make demands only on the sea itself for the sources of my electricity."
"The sea itself?"
"Yes, professor, and there was no shortage of such sources. In fact, by establishing a circuit between two wires immersed to different depths, I"d be able to obtain electricity through the diverging temperatures they experience; but I preferred to use a more practical procedure."
"And that is?"
"You"re familiar with the composition of salt water. In 1,000 grams one finds 96.5% water and about 2.66% sodium chloride; then small quant.i.ties of magnesium chloride, pota.s.sium chloride, magnesium bromide, sulfate of magnesia, calcium sulfate, and calcium carbonate. Hence you observe that sodium chloride is encountered there in significant proportions. Now then, it"s this sodium that I extract from salt water and with which I compose my electric cells."
"Sodium?"
"Yes, sir. Mixed with mercury, it forms an amalgam that takes the place of zinc in Bunsen cells. The mercury is never depleted. Only the sodium is consumed, and the sea itself gives me that. Beyond this, I"ll mention that sodium batteries have been found to generate the greater energy, and their electro-motor strength is twice that of zinc batteries."
"Captain, I fully understand the excellence of sodium under the conditions in which you"re placed. The sea contains it. Fine. But it still has to be produced, in short, extracted. And how do you accomplish this? Obviously your batteries could do the extracting; but if I"m not mistaken, the consumption of sodium needed by your electric equipment would be greater than the quant.i.ty you"d extract. It would come about, then, that in the process of producing your sodium, you"d use up more than you"d make!"
"Accordingly, professor, I don"t extract it with batteries; quite simply, I utilize the heat of coal from the earth."
"From the earth?" I said, my voice going up on the word.
"We"ll say coal from the seafloor, if you prefer," Captain Nemo replied.
"And you can mine these veins of underwater coal?"
"You"ll watch me work them, Professor Aronnax. I ask only a little patience of you, since you"ll have ample time to be patient. Just remember one thing: I owe everything to the ocean; it generates electricity, and electricity gives the Nautilus heat, light, motion, and, in a word, life itself."
"But not the air you breathe?"
"Oh, I could produce the air needed on board, but it would be pointless, since I can rise to the surface of the sea whenever I like. However, even though electricity doesn"t supply me with breathable air, it at least operates the powerful pumps that store it under pressure in special tanks; which, if need be, allows me to extend my stay in the lower strata for as long as I want."
"Captain," I replied, "I"ll rest content with marveling. You"ve obviously found what all mankind will surely find one day, the true dynamic power of electricity."
"I"m not so certain they"ll find it," Captain Nemo replied icily. "But be that as it may, you"re already familiar with the first use I"ve found for this valuable force. It lights us, and with a uniformity and continuity not even possessed by sunlight. Now, look at that clock: it"s electric, it runs with an accuracy rivaling the finest chronometers. I"ve had it divided into twenty-four hours like Italian clocks, since neither day nor night, sun nor moon, exist for me, but only this artificial light that I import into the depths of the seas! See, right now it"s ten o"clock in the morning."
"That"s perfect."
"Another use for electricity: that dial hanging before our eyes indicates how fast the Nautilus is going. An electric wire puts it in contact with the patent log; this needle shows me the actual speed of my submersible. And ... hold on ... just now we"re proceeding at the moderate pace of fifteen miles per hour."
"It"s marvelous," I replied, "and I truly see, captain, how right you are to use this force; it"s sure to take the place of wind, water, and steam."
"But that"s not all, Professor Aronnax," Captain Nemo said, standing up. "And if you"d care to follow me, we"ll inspect the Nautilus"s stern."
In essence, I was already familiar with the whole forward part of this underwater boat, and here are its exact subdivisions going from amidships to its spur: the dining room, 5 meters long and separated from the library by a watertight bulkhead, in other words, it couldn"t be penetrated by the sea; the library, 5 meters long; the main lounge, 10 meters long, separated from the captain"s stateroom by a second watertight bulkhead; the aforesaid stateroom, 5 meters long; mine, 2.5 meters long; and finally, air tanks 7.5 meters long and extending to the stempost. Total: a length of 35 meters. Doors were cut into the watertight bulkheads and were shut hermetically by means of india-rubber seals, which insured complete safety aboard the Nautilus in the event of a leak in any one section.
I followed Captain Nemo down gangways located for easy transit, and I arrived amidships. There I found a sort of shaft heading upward between two watertight bulkheads. An iron ladder, clamped to the wall, led to the shaft"s upper end. I asked the captain what this ladder was for.
"It goes to the skiff," he replied.
"What! You have a skiff?" I replied in some astonishment.
"Surely. An excellent longboat, light and unsinkable, which is used for excursions and fishing trips."
"But when you want to set out, don"t you have to return to the surface of the sea?"
"By no means. The skiff is attached to the topside of the Nautilus"s hull and is set in a cavity expressly designed to receive it. It"s completely decked over, absolutely watertight, and held solidly in place by bolts. This ladder leads to a manhole cut into the Nautilus"s hull and corresponding to a comparable hole cut into the side of the skiff. I insert myself through this double opening into the longboat. My crew close up the hole belonging to the Nautilus; I close up the one belonging to the skiff, simply by s.c.r.e.w.i.n.g it into place. I undo the bolts holding the skiff to the submersible, and the longboat rises with prodigious speed to the surface of the sea. I then open the deck paneling, carefully closed until that point; I up mast and hoist sail--or I take out my oars--and I go for a spin."
"But how do you return to the ship?"
"I don"t, Professor Aronnax; the Nautilus returns to me."
"At your command?"
"At my command. An electric wire connects me to the ship. I fire off a telegram, and that"s that."
"Right," I said, tipsy from all these wonders, "nothing to it!"
After pa.s.sing the well of the companionway that led to the platform, I saw a cabin 2 meters long in which Conseil and Ned Land, enraptured with their meal, were busy devouring it to the last crumb. Then a door opened into the galley, 3 meters long and located between the vessel"s huge storage lockers.
There, even more powerful and obedient than gas, electricity did most of the cooking. Arriving under the stoves, wires transmitted to platinum griddles a heat that was distributed and sustained with perfect consistency. It also heated a distilling mechanism that, via evaporation, supplied excellent drinking water. Next to this galley was a bathroom, conveniently laid out, with faucets supplying hot or cold water at will.
After the galley came the crew"s quarters, 5 meters long. But the door was closed and I couldn"t see its accommodations, which might have told me the number of men it took to operate the Nautilus.
At the far end stood a fourth watertight bulkhead, separating the crew"s quarters from the engine room. A door opened, and I stood in the compartment where Captain Nemo, indisputably a world-cla.s.s engineer, had set up his locomotive equipment.
Brightly lit, the engine room measured at least 20 meters in length. It was divided, by function, into two parts: the first contained the cells for generating electricity, the second that mechanism transmitting movement to the propeller.
Right off, I detected an odor permeating the compartment that was sui generis.* Captain Nemo noticed the negative impression it made on me.
*Latin: "in a cla.s.s by itself." Ed.
"That," he told me, "is a gaseous discharge caused by our use of sodium, but it"s only a mild inconvenience. In any event, every morning we sanitize the ship by ventilating it in the open air."
Meanwhile I examined the Nautilus"s engine with a fascination easy to imagine.
"You observe," Captain Nemo told me, "that I use Bunsen cells, not Ruhmkorff cells. The latter would be ineffectual. One uses fewer Bunsen cells, but they"re big and strong, and experience has proven their superiority. The electricity generated here makes its way to the stern, where electromagnets of huge size activate a special system of levers and gears that transmit movement to the propeller"s shaft. The latter has a diameter of 6 meters, a pitch of 7.5 meters, and can do up to 120 revolutions per minute."
"And that gives you?"