1. Nash"s interest in number theory, topology, and other branches of pure mathematics was recalled by Robert Siegel, professor of physics, College of William and Mary, interview, 10.30.97; Hans F. Weinberger, professor of mathematics, University of Minnesota, interviews, 9.6.95, 10.28.95, and 10.29.95; Paul F. Zweifel, professor of mathematics, Virginia Polytechnic Inst.i.tute, interviews, 10.94 and 9.6.95; Richard J. Duffin (deceased), emeritus professor of mathematics, Carnegie-Mellon University, interviews, 10.94, 8.95, and 10.26.96.
2. See, for example, Stephan Lorant, Pittsburgh: The Ston of an American City Pittsburgh: The Ston of an American City (Lenox, Ma.s.s.: author"s edition, 1980) and interviews with Nash"s contemporaries. (Lenox, Ma.s.s.: author"s edition, 1980) and interviews with Nash"s contemporaries.
3. Richard Cyert, former president, Carnegie-Mellon University, interview, 10.26.95. Also Herbert Simon, n.o.bel Laureate, Carnegie-Mellon University, interview, 10.26.95.
4. Duffin, interview, 10.26.96; Robert E. Gleeson, professor of history, Carnegie-Mellon University, interview, 10.27.95; Glen U. Cleeton, The Ston of Carnegie Tech, II: The Doherty Administration, 193619S0 The Ston of Carnegie Tech, II: The Doherty Administration, 193619S0 (Pittsburgh: Carnegie Press, 1965); Robert E. Gleeson and Steven Schlossman, (Pittsburgh: Carnegie Press, 1965); Robert E. Gleeson and Steven Schlossman, George Leland Bach and the Rebirth of Graduate Management Education in the United States, 19451975 George Leland Bach and the Rebirth of Graduate Management Education in the United States, 19451975 (Graduate Management Admission Council, Spring 1995); Robert E. Gleeson and Steven Schlossman, (Graduate Management Admission Council, Spring 1995); Robert E. Gleeson and Steven Schlossman, The Many Faces of the New Look: The University of Virginia, Carnegie Tech and the Reform of American Management Education in the Postwar Era The Many Faces of the New Look: The University of Virginia, Carnegie Tech and the Reform of American Management Education in the Postwar Era (Graduate Management Admission Council, Spring 1992). (Graduate Management Admission Council, Spring 1992).
5. Interviews with Weinberger, 10.28.95; Zweifel, 10.94; George W. Hinman, professor of physics, Washington State University, 10.30.97; David R. Lide, editor, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 10.30.97; Edward Kaplan, professor of statistics, Oregon State University, 5.21.97. 10.30.97; Edward Kaplan, professor of statistics, Oregon State University, 5.21.97.
6. Interviews with Martha Nash Legg, 8.2.95; Weinberger, 10.28.95; Zweifel, 10.94.
7. Interviews with Siegel, 10.30.97; Hinman, 10.30.97.
8. John Nash, autobiographical essay, Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, op. cit. op. cit.
9. Lide, interview, 10.30.97.
10. Hinman, interview, 10.30.97.
11. Lide, interview, 10.30.97.
12. John Nash, Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, op. cit. op. cit.
13. Interviews with Raoul Bott, professor of mathematics, Harvard University, 11.5.95; Hinman, 10.30.97; Cathleen S. Morawetz, professor of mathematics, Courant Inst.i.tute, and daughter of J. Synge, 2.29.96.
14. Duffin, interview, 10.26.95.
15. Duffin, interview, 10.94.
16. Morawetz, interview.
17. Ibid.
18. Interviews with Lide, 10.30.97, and Duffin, 10.26.95.
19. Weinberger, interview, 9.6.95.
20. Siegel, interview, 10.30.97. Siegel may have been mistaken; Bluefield had both a symphony and concert series before the war.
21. Bott, interview, 11.5.95.
22. Patsy Winter, Williamsburg, Virginia, interview, 10.30.97.
23. Weinberger, interview, 10.28.96.
24. Lide, interview, 10.30.97.
25. Interviews with Zweifel, 10.94, and Lide, 10.30.97.
26. Weinberger, interview, 10.28.95.
27. Siegel, interview, 10.30.97.
28. Hinman, interview, 10.30.97.
29. Zweifel, interview, 10.94.
30. Zweifel, interview, 1.21.98.
31. Ibid.; also interviews with Hinman, 10.30.97, and Siegel, 10.30.97.
32. Siegel, interview, 10.30.97.
33. Weinberger, interview, 10.28.95.
34. Zweifel, interview, 10.94.
35. Fletcher Osterle, professor of mechanical engineering, Carnegie-Mellon University, interview, 5.21.97.
36. Mathematical Monthly Mathematical Monthly (September 1947), p. 400. (September 1947), p. 400.
37. Leonard F. Klosinski, director, the William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Compet.i.tion, interview, 10.96; Gerald L. Alexanderson, a.s.sociate director, the William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Compet.i.tion, interview, 10.96; Garrett Birkhoff, "The William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Compet.i.tion: Early History," and L. E. Bush, "The William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Compet.i.tion: Later History and Summary of Results," reprinted from American Mathematical Monthly, American Mathematical Monthly, vol. 72 (1965), pp. 46983. vol. 72 (1965), pp. 46983.
38. Hinman, interview.
39. Harold Kuhn, interview, 7.97.
40. John Nash, Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, op. cit. op. cit.
41. This scene is based on recollections of Duffin, interview, 10.94 and 10.26.95; Bott, interview, 10.94; and Weinberger, interviews, 9.6.95 and 10.28.95.
42. Duffin, interview, 10.94.
43. Bott, interview, 10.94.
44. Martin Burrow, professor of mathematics, Courant Inst.i.tute, interview, 2.4.96.
45. Duffin, interviews, 10.94 and 10.26.95.
46. Duffin, interview, 10.94.
47. Bott, interview, 11.5.95.
48. Weinberger, interview, 10.28.95.
49. Siegel, interview, 10.30.97.
50. Weinberger, interview.
51. John Nash, Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, op. cit. op. cit.
52. See Chapter 9 Chapter 9.
53. The Carnegie Tartan, The Carnegie Tartan, 4.20.48. 4.20.48.
54. Interviews with Kuhn, 10.97, and M. Legg, 8.3.95.
55. John Nash, Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, op. cit. op. cit.
56. The perception of Harvard"s relative decline and Princeton"s ascendancy by the late 1940s was widespread among Nash"s contemporaries.
57. Duffin, interview, 10.26.95.
58. Letter from Solomon Lefschetz to Nash, 4.8.48.
59. Details about the JSK Fellowship, named after John S. Kennedy, a Princeton alumnus, are based on a memorandum from Sandra Mawhinney to Harold Kuhn, 10.27.97.
60. Graduate Catalog, Princeton University, various years; Report to the Dean of Faculty, Princeton University, various years.
61. John Nash, Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, Les Prix n.o.bel 1994, op. cit. op. cit.
62. Letter from S. Lefschetz to J. Nash.
63. Letter from John Nash to Solomon Lefschetz, undated, mid-April 1948.
64. Clifford Ambrose Truesdell, interview, 8.14.96.
65. Letter from J. Nash to S. Lefschetz. For the events transpiring then, see Chronicle of the Twentieth Century Chronicle of the Twentieth Century (Mount Kisco, N.Y.: Chronicle Publications, 1987). (Mount Kisco, N.Y.: Chronicle Publications, 1987).
66. Interviews with Charlotte Truesdell, 8.14.96, and Kaplan, 5.21.97.
67. Letter from J. Nash to S. Lefschetz, 4.26.48.
68. Clifford Truesdell, interview, 8.14.96.
69. Charlotte Truesdell, interview, 8.14.96.
3: The Center of the Universe
1. Martha Nash Legg, interview, 8.3.95.
2. See, for example, Rebecca Goldstein, The Mind-Body Problem The Mind-Body Problem (New York: Penguin, 1993); Ed Regis, (New York: Penguin, 1993); Ed Regis, Who Got Einstein"s Office? Who Got Einstein"s Office? (Reading, Ma.s.s.: Addison Wesley, 1987); and recollections of Nash"s contemporaries, including interviews with Harold Kuhn and Harley Rogers and letter from George Mowbry, 4.5.95. (Reading, Ma.s.s.: Addison Wesley, 1987); and recollections of Nash"s contemporaries, including interviews with Harold Kuhn and Harley Rogers and letter from George Mowbry, 4.5.95.
3. F. Scott Fitzgerald, This Side of Paradise This Side of Paradise (New York: Scribner, 1920). (New York: Scribner, 1920).
4. Albert Einstein, quoted in Goldstein, op. cit.
5. As recalled by her niece Gillian Richardson, interview, 12.14.95.
6. Donald Spencer, professor of mathematics, Princeton University, interview, Durango, Colorado, 11.18.95.
7. Leopold Infeld, Quest Quest (New York: Chelsea Publishing Company, 1980). (New York: Chelsea Publishing Company, 1980).
8. Virginia Chaplin, "Princeton and Mathematics," Princeton Alumni Weekly (May Princeton Alumni Weekly (May 9, 1958). 9, 1958).
9. John D. Davies, "The Curious History of Physics at Princeton," Princeton Alumni Weekly Princeton Alumni Weekly (October 2, 1973). (October 2, 1973).
10. Harold W. Kuhn, interview, 1.97.
11. Eugene Wigner, Recollections of Eugene Paul Wigner as Told to Andrew Szanton Recollections of Eugene Paul Wigner as Told to Andrew Szanton (New York: Plenum Press, 1992). (New York: Plenum Press, 1992).
12. Regis, op. cit.
13. Infeld, op. cit.
14. Chaplin, op. cit.; William Aspray, "The Emergence of Princeton as a World Center for Mathematical Research, 18961939," in A Century of Mathematics in America, Part A Century of Mathematics in America, Part //(Providence, R.I.: American Mathematical Society, 1989); Gian-Carlo Rota, "Fine Hall in Its Golden Age," in //(Providence, R.I.: American Mathematical Society, 1989); Gian-Carlo Rota, "Fine Hall in Its Golden Age," in Indiscrete Thoughts Indiscrete Thoughts (Washington, D.C.: Mathematical a.s.sociation of America, 1996), pp. 320. (Washington, D.C.: Mathematical a.s.sociation of America, 1996), pp. 320.
15. Davies, op. cit.
16. Solomon Lefschetz, "A Self Portrait," typewritten, 1.54, Princeton University Archives.
17. Davies, op. cit.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. Robert J. Leonard, "From Parlor Games to Social Science," op. cit.
21. Davies, op. cit.
22. Woodrow Wilson, quoted in ibid.
23. George Gray, Confidential Monthly Trustees Report, Rockefeller Foundation Archives (November 1945).
24. Wigner, op. cit.
25. The account of the Inst.i.tute"s history is based on Regis, op. cit.; Bernice M. Stern, A Histon of the Inst.i.tute for Advanced Study 19301950, A Histon of the Inst.i.tute for Advanced Study 19301950, unpublished two-volume ma.n.u.script (1964). unpublished two-volume ma.n.u.script (1964).
26. Garrett Birkhoff, "Mathematics at Harvard 18361944," in A Century of Mathematics in America, A Century of Mathematics in America, Part II Part II, op. cit., pp. 358; William Aspray, "The Emergence of Princeton as a World Center for Mathematical Research, 18961939," in op. cit., pp. 358; William Aspray, "The Emergence of Princeton as a World Center for Mathematical Research, 18961939," in A Century of Mathematics in America, A Century of Mathematics in America, Part II Part II, op. cit., pp. 195216; Gian-Carlo Rota, "Fine Hall in Its Golden Age," in op. cit., pp. 195216; Gian-Carlo Rota, "Fine Hall in Its Golden Age," in A Century of Mathematics in America, A Century of Mathematics in America, Part II Part II, op. cit., pp. 22336. op. cit., pp. 22336.
27. Robin E. Rider, "Alarm and Opportunity: Emigration of Mathematicians and Physicists to Britain and the United States, 19331945," Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences, Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences, vol. 15, no. 1 (1984), pp. 10871. vol. 15, no. 1 (1984), pp. 10871.
28. Paul Samuelson, "Some Memories of Norbert Wiener," provided by author, undated.
29. William James, "Great Men, Great Thoughts and Environment," Atlantic Monthly, Atlantic Monthly, vol. 46 (1880), pp. 44159, quoted in Silvano Arieti, vol. 46 (1880), pp. 44159, quoted in Silvano Arieti, Crcativih: The Magic Synthesis Crcativih: The Magic Synthesis (New York: Basic Books, 1976), p. 299. (New York: Basic Books, 1976), p. 299.