View of part of a city on a hill with castellated walls and turrets.
A figure, apparently intended to represent a living man, and not a sculpture, as on the other reliefs, lifts his hand near one of the towers.
Height, 3 feet 2 inches; width, 4 feet 1/2 inch.
[Sidenote: =764.=]
Cast of the lower relief on the right or east side of the portico.
View of part of a city with castellated walls and turrets, built on natural rocks. On the right is a large structure resembling a tomb. On the left is a staircase, leading up to a door in a turret.
Height, 2 feet 10 inches; width, 4 feet 1/2 inch. The four reliefs are engraved, Fellows, _Lycia_, pl. facing p. 142; Benndorf, _Reisen in Lykien_, I., p. 54; _Synopsis_, _Lycian Room_, Nos.
148, 149.
[Sidenote: =765, 766.=]
The following casts are from a portion of the sculptures decorating a tomb, discovered by Sir C. Fellows, at _Cadyanda_. The tomb is cut out of a large piece of detached rock, and in type somewhat resembles the large Lycian tombs in the British Museum, or the tomb of Xanthos, shown in the background of pl. iii., the princ.i.p.al difference being in the treatment of the roof. At the end of the tomb are two doors. One door is filled with an immovable panel, with a figure of a draped bearded man holding an oinochoe, and inscribed [Greek: Salas], and in Lycian _zzala_. The second door is believed to have been fitted with a panel, having the wife of Salas in relief. (Fellows, _Lycia_, p.
117.) The reliefs, of which casts are preserved in the British Museum, formed a frieze immediately below the cornice on each side of the tomb. Below this frieze on each side was a combat of warriors on a larger scale.
Fellows, _Lycia_, p. 116; Petersen, _Reisen in Lykien_, II., p. 193. Views and plans of the tomb are included in the Scharf portfolio of drawings in the British Museum.
[Sidenote: =765.=]
Cast of a portion of the relief on the south side of the tomb at _Cadyanda_.
At the left end of the relief a girl draped in plain long chiton with sleeves, and a cap with ta.s.sel, stands to the right holding an aryballos and alabastron. On the left of the princ.i.p.al relief is a group of four figures playing with knuckle-bones. In front are a girl seated and a girl kneeling, both closely draped and having long hair.
Behind are a youth standing, wrapped in a mantle, and a woman who holds an aryballos in her left hand and wears her mantle over her head. All the figures make animated gestures. Near the head of the youth is the inscription [Greek: Mesos]. Next on the right is a woman seated, holding a boy in her hands, and wearing her mantle over her head. Behind her is a female figure, much mutilated, standing to the left with her right hand under her chin. The remainder of the relief, which is not represented by a cast, appears to have contained either a sacrificial group (Scharf), or warriors (Petersen, _Reisen in Lykien_, ii., p. 193).
Height, 2 feet 3/4 inch; length, 4 feet 2 inches. Fellows, _Lycia_, frontispiece, and pl. facing p. 116; _Synopsis_, _Lycian Room_, No. 151; Petersen, _Reisen in Lykien_, II., p. 194, fig.
84.
[Sidenote: =766.=]
Cast of the relief on the north side of the tomb at _Cadyanda_. This relief which is much mutilated, appears to contain a banquet scene, with four couches, each having two persons reclining and several attendant figures. Two attendants stand near the first couch on the left. One has a wreath in the right hand. Near him is the inscription [Greek: ...A....A]. A smaller figure plays on the flute. On the first couch are remains of a figure seated, nearly erect, and of a figure lying with his head resting on his left hand and having a bowl in his right hand. A portion of the original sculpture is here inserted in the cast. Above is the inscription [Greek: ...easob] (?), and below is the bilingual inscription _edazzala_ [Greek: Eida.s.salas]. The next group is obscure, but appears to consist of a figure seated, with the right hand stretched out, so as to be seen above the head of the figure last described, and a figure holding a child which stretches out its arms to a figure on the right. Below the first of these two figures is the bilingual inscription _mezo_ [Greek: Mesos]. On the left of the second of the two figures is the bilingual inscription _zzala_ [Greek: Salas], the Lycian being also repeated below, _zzal(a)_. We must, therefore, suppose this figure to be Salas, the owner of the tomb. The child is named _horlar_ (?) On the next couch is a draped figure reclining on the left elbow, and holding out his right hand to the child. Near this figure is the inscription [Greek: SIRO]
(?), and below it, remains of an illegible inscription. Next on the right is a small draped female figure, seated on a chair, with the hands stretched out. Behind her is a larger figure standing, with the bilingual inscription _...katamna_ [Greek: Hekatomnas]. On the third couch are two men reclining. Above the first is the inscription [Greek: Kparam[os]], and below _[k]pparama_. Below the second is the bilingual inscription _mola_ [Greek: Molos] (?). Below the couch is a dog. On the fourth couch are also two men reclining. Above the first is the inscription [Greek: Seskos], and below remains of the corresponding Lycian inscription _ze...wwa_. Below the second is a bilingual inscription, in which only the Greek name, [Greek: Kendyomis], is legible. A dog stands below the couch.
At the right end of the relief, corresponding to the figure at the left end of the north side, is a nude male figure dancing, with the bilingual inscription _akatam[n]a_ [Greek: Hekatomnas].
Height, 2 feet 1 inch; length, 8 feet 8 inches. Fellows, _Lycia_, pl. facing p. 116 (very inaccurate); _C.I.G._, 4225; _Synopsis_, _Lycian Room_, No. 152; Petersen, _Reisen in Lykien_, II., p. 193.
VOTIVE RELIEFS.
For an account of Greek votive reliefs, of the occasions on which they were dedicated and of the objects represented, see above, p. 302.
[Sidenote: =770.=]
Fragment of relief. Zeus, wearing a mantle, is seated on a stool (_diphros_). His left arm is raised, as if resting on a sceptre. The right hand is extended. Near him is Hera, standing, with her right arm across her breast and her left hand raised to her veil. The relief which is only complete at the right side, was bounded by pilasters and an architrave. The missing part may have contained the figures of suppliants.--_Athens (?)._ _Elgin Coll._
Pentelic marble; height, 1 foot 7 inches; width, 1 foot 2 inches.
_Synopsis_, No. 376 (227); _Mus. Marbles_, IX., pl. 37, fig. 2; cf. Schone, _Griechische Reliefs_, pl. 25, figs. 104, 105.
[Sidenote: =771.=]
Relief from the upper part of an inscribed stele. Athene, standing on the right of the scene, places with her right hand a wreath on the head of a male figure less in stature. On the left is a draped female figure holding out in her right hand a wreath or a cup. The left hand of this figure is raised to the level of the top of her head, as if resting on a staff. She wears a long chiton, over which is a diplodion reaching nearly to the knees. A short mantle hangs on her left arm. Athene is clad in a long chiton with diplodion; her left hand rests on the edge of her shield at her side.
From a comparison of this relief, with other similar compositions from Athens, it is probable that it is the heading broken off from an honorary decree of the Athenian people by which a crown was conferred on some city or individual for services. (Compare above, p. 303; Schone, _Griech. Reliefs_, pl. 16, fig. 75, p. 41; and the fragment, No. 772.)
The figure of Athene here as on many other reliefs is in its general outlines copied from the Athene Parthenos of Pheidias. (Compare Michaelis, pl. 15, figs. 6-17.)--_Athens (?)._ _Elgin Coll._
Pentelic marble; height, 11 inches; width, 1 foot 4-1/2 inches.
_Mus. Marbles_, IX., pl. 35, fig. 4; _Synopsis_, No. 375 (82); _Elgin Room Guide_, Part II., No. F. 4.
[Sidenote: =772.=]
Fragment of relief from the upper part of an inscribed stele. Athene stands on the right; with her right hand she places a crown on the head of a youth, who stands facing her on the left. He is clad in a mantle. Athene wears a crested helmet and a long chiton, over which is a diplodion; on her breast is the aegis; her left hand holds her shield which rests on the ground on its edge. The relief was bounded by pilasters and a pediment. It is probable that originally a third figure balanced the figure of Athene, as in the preceding relief, No.
771.
This figure of Athene, like the preceding, is in its general outlines copied from the Athene Parthenos of Pheidias.--_Athens (?)._ _Elgin Coll._
Pentelic marble; height, 1 foot 4 inches; width, 9-1/2 inches.
_Mus. Marbles_, IX., pl. 36, fig. 1; _Synopsis_, No. 371 (89); _Elgin Room Guide_, Part II., No. F. 5. For similar subjects, see Schone, _Griech. Reliefs_, pl. 22, No. 96; Wolters, Nos.
1157-1181.
[Sidenote: =773.=]
Part of a relief, from the upper part of an inscribed stele. Athene stands on the left, and with her right hand she crowns a draped male figure, apparently a bearded man, who raises his right arm as if in adoration. Athene wears a helmet and chiton with diplodion, and places her left hand on her shield, of which the inner side is shown.
The spear of Athene rests against her left shoulder, with its end on the ground inside the shield. The relief is bounded by pilasters, with entablature and roof-tiles. The figure of Athene (like Nos. 771, 772) is roughly copied from the Athene Parthenos of Pheidias.
Pentelic marble; height, 1 foot 6 inches; width, 9-3/4 inches.
[Sidenote: =774.=]
Relief: Apollo receiving a libation from Victory. Apollo wears the dress of a Kitharoedos, namely, a long chiton with sleeves, over which is a diplodion girt at the waist; a mantle hangs from his left shoulder; his long hair is looped up in a broad plait behind, under a diadem; a single long plait falls over each ear; he holds out a bowl with his right hand, while his left strikes his lyre, which is supported by a broad band pa.s.sing over the left wrist; from the lyre hang two ends of ribbons; he wears armlets and sandals. The Victory is clad in a long chiton, over which is a diplodion girt at the waist; she wears bracelets and armlets. Both figures stand with the heels raised from the ground: at the side of the Victory is a circular altar, on which is sculptured in relief a winged female figure between two festoons. This subject occurs on several other reliefs in marble, for one of which see below, No. 775, and also on a terracotta relief in the British Museum. (For a list, see Welcker, _Alte Denkmaeler_, ii., p. 37.) All these sculptures exhibit the same peculiar style of affected archaism, known as archaistic. On a comparison of the reliefs in which this subject occurs, it will be seen that the one here described is part of a larger composition in which Leto and Artemis follow behind Apollo, and a temple is introduced in the background; a tripod, a statue on a pedestal, the _omphalos_, a plane tree, and the Horae on the altar also occur as accessories. It seems probable that these reliefs are votive, and that in selecting as their subject the victory of Apollo in a musical contest, the dedicator indirectly commemorated his own triumph in a similar exercise of skill.--_Hamilton Coll., 1772._
Marble; height, 2 feet 1 inch; width, 2 feet 1 inch. Restored: the greater part of the body of Apollo, lower part of body of Victory, column on left, and lower part of column on right. The parts restored have been copied from more perfect marbles in the Villa Albani. _Mus. Marbles_, II., pl. 13; Ellis, _Townley Gallery_, II., p. 113; _Guide to Graeco-Roman Sculptures_, I., No. 169; Wolters, No. 427; Welcker, _Alte Denkmaeler_, II., p. 41.
[Sidenote: =775.=]
Fragment of a relief which probably commemorates a musical or dramatic victory. Two draped female figures move to the right: the foremost of these (Artemis) holds out in both hands a lighted torch; she also has a quiver with a bow projecting from it, behind her shoulder. The second figure, who is probably Leto, holds in her left hand a sceptre, the head of which is formed by a pomegranate flower. The drapery of both figures is arranged in the archaistic style. Both figures wear a long chiton with sleeves, over which is a long full garment reaching nearly to the feet; over this again is a diplodion girt at the waist.
A mantle falls from the left shoulder of Artemis, floating to below her knees; her companion with her right hand draws forward over her right shoulder the edge of a mantle, the other end of which falls over her left arm. The heads of both figures are encircled by a diadem, from beneath which two long plaits of hair fall on each shoulder.
These figures are moving beside a plain wall, beyond which is shown a Corinthian temple; the tiles of the roof with the ornamental fronts of the covering tiles are represented, but in incorrect perspective: on the extreme left of the scene is a tripod standing on a polygonal pedestal which forms the termination of the wall.
In order to understand the subject of this fragment, it must be compared with similar reliefs in which the remainder of the original composition has been preserved. (See above, No. 775.) We may a.s.sume that the fragment here described, when complete, had on the right a figure of Apollo Kitharoedos leading the procession, and holding out a bowl to receive a libation from a Victory. The temple represented in these reliefs may be that of Apollo at Delphi.--_Elgin Coll._
Pentelic marble; height, 2 feet 4 inches; width, 1 foot 9 inches.
_Mus. Marbles_, IX., pl. 36, fig. 2; _Guide to Elgin Room_, Part II., No. F. 2; Welcker, _Alte Denkmaeler_, II., p. 40.