SOZA, a city of the _Dandaridae_.
SPELUNCA, a small town near _Fondi_, on the coast of Naples.
STaeCHADES, five islands, now called the _Hieres_, on the coast of Provence.
STRATONICE, a town of Caria in the Hither Asia, so called after _Stratonice_, the wife of Antiochus.
SUEVI, a great and warlike people of ancient Germany, who occupied a prodigious tract of country. See Manners of the Germans, s. 38. and note a.
SUNICI, a people removed from Germany to Gallia Belgica. According to Cluverius, they inhabited the duchy of _Limburg_.
SWINDEN, a liver that flows on the confines of the _Dahae_. It is mentioned by Tacitus only. Brotier supposes it to be what is now called _Herirud_, or _La Riviere d"Herat_.
SYENE, a town in the Higher Egypt, towards the borders of Ethiopia, situate on the Nile. It lies under the tropic of Cancer, as is evident, says Pliny the elder, from there being no shadow projected at noon at the summer solstice. It was, for a long time, the boundary of the Roman empire. A garrison was stationed there: Juvenal was sent to command there by Domitian, who, by conferring that unlocked for honour, meant, with covered malice, to punish the poet for his reflection on Paris the comedian, a native of Egypt, and a favourite at court.
SYRACUSE, one of the n.o.blest cities in Sicily. The Romans took it during the second Punic war, on which occasion the great Archimedes lost his life. It is now destroyed, and no remains of the place are left. _Etiam periere ruinae_.
SYRIA, a country of the Hither Asia, between the Mediterranean and the Euphrates, so extensive that Palestine, or the Holy Land, was deemed a part of Syria.
SYRTES, the _deserts of Barbary_: also two dangerous sandy gulfs in the Mediterranean, on the coast of Barbary; one called _Syrtis Magna_, now the _Gulf of Sidra_; the other _Syrtis Parva_, now the _Gulf of Ca.s.sos_.
T.
TANAIS, the _Don_, a very large river in Scythia, dividing Asia from Europe. It rises in Muscovy, and flowing through _Crim Tartary_, runs into the _Palus Maeotis_, near the city now called Azoff, in the hands of the Turks.
TARENTUM, now Tarento, in the province of _Otranto_. The Lacedemonians founded a colony there, and thence it was called by Horace, _Lacedaemonium Tarentum_.
TARICHaeA, a town of Galilee. It was besieged and taken by Vespasian, who sent six thousand of the prisoners to a.s.sist in cutting a pa.s.sage through the isthmus of Corinth.
TARRACINA, a city of the Volsci in Latium, near the mouth of the _Ufens_, in the Campania of Rome. Now _Terracina_, on the Tuscan Sea.
TARRACO, the capital of a division of Spain, called by the Romans _Tarraconensis_; now Taragon, a port town in Catalonia, on the Mediterranean, to the west of _Barcelona_. See HISPANIA.
TARTARUS, a river running between the Po and the Athesis, (the _Adige_) from west to east, into the Adriatic; now _Tartaro_.
TAUNUS, a mountain of Germany, on the other side of the Rhine; now Mount _Heyrick_, over-against _Mentz_.
TAURANNITII, a people who occupied a district of _Armenia Major_, not far from _Tigranocerta_.
TAURI, a people inhabiting the _Taurica Chersonesus_, on the _Euxine_.
The country is now called _Crim Tartary_.
TAURINI, a people dwelling at the foot of the Alps. Their capital was called, after Augustus Caesar, who planted a colony, there, _Augusta Taurinorum_. The modern name is _Turin_, the capital of Piedmont.
TAURUS, the greatest mountain in Asia, extending from the Indian to the aegean Sea; said to be fifty miles over, and fifteen hundred long.
Its extremity to the north is called _Imaus_.
TELEBOae, a people of aeolia or Acarnania in Greece, who removed to Italy, and settled in the isle of Capreae.
TEMNOS, an inland town of aeolia, in the Hither Asia.
TENCTERI, a people of Germany. See the Manners of the Germans, s. 32.
TENOS, one of the Cyclades.
TERMES, a city in the Hither Spain; now a village called _Tiermes_, in Castille.
TERRACINA, a city of the _Volsci_ in Latium, near the mouth of the _Ufens_, on the Tuscan Sea; now called _Terracina_, in the territory of Rome.
TEUTOBURGIUM, a forest in Germany, rendered famous by the slaughter of Varus and his legions. It began in the country of the Marsi, and extended to Paderborn, Osnaburg, and Munster, between the _Ems_ and the _Luppia_.
THALA, a town in Numidia, destroyed in the war of Julius Caesar against Juba.
THEBae, a very ancient town in the Higher Egypt, on the east side of the Nile, famous for its hundred gates. Another city of the same name in Botia, in Greece, said to have been built by Cadmus. It had the honour of producing two ill.u.s.trious chiefs, Epaminondas and Pelopidas, and Pindar the celebrated poet. Alexander rased it to the ground; but spared the house and family of Pindar.
THERMES otherwise THERMA, a town in Macedonia, afterwards called _Thessalonica_, famous for two epistles of St. Paul to the Thessalonians. The city stood at the head of a large bay, called _Thermaeus Sinus_; now _Golfo di Salonichi_.
THESSALY, a country of Greece, formerly a great part of Macedonia.
THRACIA, an extensive region, bounded to the north by Mount Haemus, to the south by the aegean Sea, and by the Euxine and Propontis to the east. In the time of Tiberius it was an independent kingdom, but afterwards made a Roman province.
THUBASc.u.m, a town of Mauritania in Africa.
THURII, a people of ancient Italy, inhabiting a part of Lucania, between the rivers Crathis (now _Crate_), and Sybaris (now _Sibari_).
TIBER, a town of ancient Latium, situate on the Anio, about twenty miles from Rome. Here Horace had his villa, and it was the frequent retreat of Augustus. Now _Tivoli_.
TICINUM, a town of _Insubria_, situate on the river Ticinus, near its confluence with the Po; now _Pavia_, in Milan.
TICINUS, a river of Italy falling into the Po, near the city of _Ticinum_, or Pavia; now _Tesino_.
TIGRANOCERTA, a town of Armenia Major, built by Tigranes in the time of the Mithridatic war. The river _Nicephorus_ washes one side of the town. Brotier says, it is now called _Sert_ or _Sered_.
TIGRIS, a great river bounding the country called Mesopotamia to the east, while the Euphrates incloses it to the west. Pliny gives an account of the Tigris, in its rise and progress, till it sinks under ground near Mount Taurus, and breaks forth again with a rapid current, falling at last into the Persian Gulf. It divides into two channels at Seleucia.
TMOLUS, a mountain of Lydia, commended for its vines, its saffron, its fragrant shrubs, and the fountain-head of the Pactolus. It appears from Tacitus, that there was a town of the same name, that stood near the mountain.
TOLBIAc.u.m, a town of Gallia Belgica; now _Zulpich_, or _Zulch_, a small town in the duchy of Juliers.
TRALLES, formerly a rich and populous city of Lydia, not far from the river Meander. The ruins are still visible.
TRAPEZUS, now _Trapezond_ or _Trebizond_, a city with a port in the Lesser Asia, on the Euxine.
TREVIRI, the people of _Treves_; an ancient city of the Lower Germany, on the Moselle. It was made a Roman colony by Augustus, and became the most famous city of Belgic Gaul. It is now the capital of an electorate of the same name.
TRIBOCI, a people of Belgica, originally Germans. They inhabited _Alsace_, and the diocese of _Strasbourg_.