"The political objective" Carl von Clausewitz, Carl von Clausewitz, On War, On War, cited in McPherson, cited in McPherson, Tried by War, Tried by War, forthcoming. forthcoming.
"If the Secretary of War" the Secretary of War" AL to Simon Cameron, May 13, 14, 16, 20, 21, 24 AL to Simon Cameron, May 13, 14, 16, 20, 21, 24 [26?], 1861, CW, CW, 4:367, 369, 370, 374, 380-81, 384. 4:367, 369, 370, 374, 380-81, 384.
"quite independent" AL to Edwin D. Morgan, May 20, 1861, AL to Edwin D. Morgan, May 20, 1861, CW, CW, 4:375. 4:375.
"I am for it" am for it" AL to Simon Cameron, May 13, 21, 1861, AL to Simon Cameron, May 13, 21, 1861, CW, CW, 4:367, 380. 4:367, 380.
"information from spies" McPherson, McPherson, Tried by War, Tried by War, 73-74. 73-74.
"I feel confident" Sears, Sears, George B. McClellan, George B. McClellan, 104. 104.
"I yield" George McClellan to AL, August 10, 1861, McClellan, George McClellan to AL, August 10, 1861, McClellan, Civil War Papers, Civil War Papers, 82-83. 82-83.
"patriotic purpose" McPherson, McPherson, Tried by War, Tried by War, 73-74; Sears, 73-74; Sears, George B. McClellan, George B. McClellan, 104. 104.
"The Presdt is an idiot" George McClellan to Ellen McClellan, August 16, October 11, 1861, McClellan, George McClellan to Ellen McClellan, August 16, October 11, 1861, McClellan, Civil War Papers, Civil War Papers, 85. 85.
"I found" George B. McClellan to Ellen McClellan, October 16, November 17, 1861, McClellan, George B. McClellan to Ellen McClellan, October 16, November 17, 1861, McClellan, Civil War Papers, Civil War Papers, 107, 135. 107, 135.
"Drawon me" Hay, Hay, Inside, Inside, [November 1861], 30. [November 1861], 30.
"As Delaware was the first" Patience Essah, Patience Essah, A House Divided: Slavery and Emanc.i.p.ation in Delaware, 1638-1865 A House Divided: Slavery and Emanc.i.p.ation in Delaware, 1638-1865 (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1996), 161. (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1996), 161.
"that if quiet was kept" Hay, Hay, Inside, Inside, May 1, 1861, 16. May 1, 1861, 16.
"the Stars and Stripes" Kentucky Statesman, Kentucky Statesman, June 14, 1861, cited in Lownsend, June 14, 1861, cited in Lownsend, Lincoln and the Bluegra.s.s, Lincoln and the Bluegra.s.s, 281. 281.
Lincoln had stayed in touch Lownsend, Lownsend, Lincoln and the Bluegra.s.s, Lincoln and the Bluegra.s.s, 273-74. 273-74.
"he contemplated" Garrett Davis, April 23, 1861, Fehrenbacher, Garrett Davis, April 23, 1861, Fehrenbacher, Recollected Words, Recollected Words, 133-34. 133-34.
"We have beaten them" Joshua Speed to AL, May 27, 1861, ALPLC. Joshua Speed to AL, May 27, 1861, ALPLC.
"I have given you" Allan Nevins, Allan Nevins, Fremont: Pathmarker of the West Fremont: Pathmarker of the West (New York: D. Appleton-Century, 1939), 477. (New York: D. Appleton-Century, 1939), 477.
"I think there is great danger" AL to John C. Fremont, September 2, 1861, AL to John C. Fremont, September 2, 1861, CW, CW, 4:506-7. 4:506-7.
"Now, at once" AL to Mrs. John C. Fremont, September 10, 1861, AL to Mrs. John C. Fremont, September 10, 1861, CW, CW, 4:515. 4:515.
"It was a war" was a war" Nevins, Nevins, Fremont, Fremont, 515-19. 515-19.
"taxed me so violently" Hay, Hay, Inside, Inside, December 9, 1863, 123. December 9, 1863, 123.
"an impetus" Nevins, Nevins, Fremont, Fremont, 507. 507.
"How many times are we" Ibid.
"Slavery is the bulwark" Dougla.s.s" Monthly, Dougla.s.s" Monthly, September 1861. September 1861.
raised Fremont James M. McPherson, James M. McPherson, The Struggle for Equality: Abolitionists and the Negro in the Civil War and Reconstruction The Struggle for Equality: Abolitionists and the Negro in the Civil War and Reconstruction (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1964), 72-73. (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1964), 72-73.
"I have been so distressed" Joshua Speed to AL, September 3, 1861, ALPLC. Joshua Speed to AL, September 3, 1861, ALPLC.
"Fremont"s proclamation" Orville Browning to AL, September 11, 1861, ALPLC. Orville Browning to AL, September 11, 1861, ALPLC.
"Coming from you" AL to Orville Browning, September 22, 1861, AL to Orville Browning, September 22, 1861, CW, CW, 4:531-33. 4:531-33.
"with bowed head" Charles Carlton Coffin, in Rice, Charles Carlton Coffin, in Rice, Reminiscences of Lincoln, Reminiscences of Lincoln, 172-73. 172-73.
There was no patriot like Baker Blair and Tarshis, Blair and Tarshis, Colonel Edward D. Baker, Colonel Edward D. Baker, 167. 167.
"went up stairs" Hay, Hay, Inside, Inside, November 13, 1861, 32. November 13, 1861, 32.
"I was favourably impressed" Browning, Browning, Diary, Diary, December 19, 1861, 515-16. December 19, 1861, 515-16.
compensated emanc.i.p.ation Essah, Essah, House Divided, House Divided, 162-72. 162-72.
"cheapest and most human" H. Clay Reed, "Lincoln"s Compensated Emanc.i.p.ation Plan," H. Clay Reed, "Lincoln"s Compensated Emanc.i.p.ation Plan," Delaware Notes Delaware Notes (Newark: University of Delaware, 1931), 65. (Newark: University of Delaware, 1931), 65.
"deeply convinced and faithful" David Donald, David Donald, Charles Sumner and the Rights of Man Charles Sumner and the Rights of Man (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1970), 17. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1970), 17.
"Mr. President" Ibid, 48.
"n.o.ble little Delaware" AL, "Annual Message to Congress," December 3, 1861, AL, "Annual Message to Congress," December 3, 1861, CW, CW, 5:50. 5:50.
"eight times as great" Ibid., 53.
most problematic member of Lincoln"s cabinet Fred A. Shannon, Fred A. Shannon, The Organization and Administration of the Union Army, 1861-1865 The Organization and Administration of the Union Army, 1861-1865 (Cleveland, Ohio: Arthur H. Clark Company, 1928), 26. (Cleveland, Ohio: Arthur H. Clark Company, 1928), 26.
"was quite offended" Chase, Chase, Diaries, Diaries, January 12, 1862, 61. January 12, 1862, 61.
"to gratify your wish" Erwin Stanley Bradley, Erwin Stanley Bradley, Simon Cameron: Lincoln"s Secretary of War Simon Cameron: Lincoln"s Secretary of War (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1966), 205-9. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1966), 205-9.
"simultaneous movement" AL to Henry W. Halleck and Don C. Buell, December 31, 1861, AL to Henry W. Halleck and Don C. Buell, December 31, 1861, CW, CW, 5:84. 5:84.
"I have never received" Henry W. Halleck to AL, January 1, 1862, Henry W. Halleck to AL, January 1, 1862, CW, CW, 5:84. 5:84.
"Mr. President, you are murdering" Trefousse, Trefousse, Benjamin Franklin Wade, Benjamin Franklin Wade, 159. 159.
"For some months" Bates, Bates, Diary, Diary, December 31, 1861, 218-20. December 31, 1861, 218-20.
"It is exceedingly discouraging" AL to Simon Cameron, January 10, 1862, CJ^5:95. AL to Simon Cameron, January 10, 1862, CJ^5:95.
"I feared" Russell Frank Weigley, Russell Frank Weigley, Quartermaster General of the Union Army: A Biography of M. C. Meigs Quartermaster General of the Union Army: A Biography of M. C. Meigs (New York: Columbia University Press, 1959), 131-32. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1959), 131-32.
"General, what shall I do?" "General M. C. Meigs on the Civil War," "General M. C. Meigs on the Civil War," The American Historical Review The American Historical Review 26, no. 2 (January 1921): 292. 26, no. 2 (January 1921): 292.
CHAPTER 20. 20. We Are Coming Father Abraham: January 1862-July 1862 We Are Coming Father Abraham: January 1862-July 1862 "The inauguration is over" Thomas and Hyman, Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, Stanton, 118. 118.
"The political horizon" Ibid., 149. Ibid., 149.
"The new Secy of War" Bates, Bates, Diary, Diary, February 2, 1862, 228. February 2, 1862, 228.
"accomplished in a few days" Speed"s letter to Joseph Holt cited in Thomas and Hyman, Speed"s letter to Joseph Holt cited in Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, Stanton, 161. 161.
"a wagon load" Strong, Strong, Diary, Diary, January 29, 1862, 3:203. January 29, 1862, 3:203.
"We maybe obliged" Thomas, Thomas, Abraham Lincoln, Abraham Lincoln, 296. 296.
"would be master" Chase, Chase, Diary, Diary, January 28, 1862, 64-65. January 28, 1862, 64-65.
"fond of power" Welles, Welles, Diary, Diary, 67. Welles"s observation, written sometime later, needs to be refracted through his strained relationship with Stanton. Lhomas and Hyman, 67. Welles"s observation, written sometime later, needs to be refracted through his strained relationship with Stanton. Lhomas and Hyman, Stanton, Stanton, 151. 151.
"should threaten all" Browning, Browning, Diary, Diary, January 12, 1862, 523. January 12, 1862, 523.
"the insurgent forces" AL, "President"s General War Order No. 1," January 27, 1862, AL, "President"s General War Order No. 1," January 27, 1862, CW, CW, 5:111-12. 5:111-12.
"immediate object" AL, "President"s Special War Order No. 1," January 31, 1862, AL, "President"s Special War Order No. 1," January 31, 1862, CW, CW, 5:115. 5:115.
"affords the shortest" George B. McClellan to Edwin M. Stanton, February 3, 1862, McClellan, George B. McClellan to Edwin M. Stanton, February 3, 1862, McClellan, Civil War Papers, Civil War Papers, 167, 170. 167, 170.
"I will stake my life" Joseph T. Glatthaar, Joseph T. Glatthaar, Partners in Command: The Relationship Between Leaders in the Civil War Partners in Command: The Relationship Between Leaders in the Civil War (New York: The Free Press, 1994), 69-70. (New York: The Free Press, 1994), 69-70.
"Does not your plan" AL to George B. McClellan, February 3, 1862, AL to George B. McClellan, February 3, 1862, CW, CW, 4:118-19. 4:118-19.
"I told you so" Bates, Bates, Lincoln in the Telegraph Office, Lincoln in the Telegraph Office, 113. 113.
"No terms except" Jean Edward Smith, Jean Edward Smith, Grant Grant (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), 162-63. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), 162-63.
"shook the old walls" Brooks Simpson, Brooks Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant: Triumph over Adversity, 1822-1865 Ulysses S. Grant: Triumph over Adversity, 1822-1865 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000), 119. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000), 119.
instant hero McPherson, McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, Battle Cry of Freedom, 394-402; Thomas and Hyman, 394-402; Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, Stanton, 172-73. 172-73.
Willie became sick Ruth Painter Randall, Ruth Painter Randall, Lincoln"s Sons Lincoln"s Sons (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1956), 128-30. (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1956), 128-30.
"a social innovation" "The President"s Party," "The President"s Party," Frank Leslie"s Ill.u.s.trated Newspaper Frank Leslie"s Ill.u.s.trated Newspaper 13 (February 22, 1862). 13 (February 22, 1862).
could not enjoy the evening David H. Donald, David H. Donald, Lincoln at Home: Two Glimpses of Abraham Lincoln"s Family Life Lincoln at Home: Two Glimpses of Abraham Lincoln"s Family Life (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), 37-38. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), 37-38.
"been to see him" Taft, Taft, Diary, Diary, February 20, 1862. February 20, 1862.
Willie Lincoln died Ruth Painter Randall, Ruth Painter Randall, Lincoln"s Sons, Lincoln"s Sons, 102 ff. 102 ff.
"My poor boy" John Nicolay, John Nicolay, With Lincoln Inside the White House: Letters, Memoranda, and Other Writings of John G. Nicolay, 1860-1865, With Lincoln Inside the White House: Letters, Memoranda, and Other Writings of John G. Nicolay, 1860-1865, ed. Michael Burlingame (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 71. ed. Michael Burlingame (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 71.
"A fine boy" Bates, Bates, Diary, Diary, February 20, 1862, 235. February 20, 1862, 235.
dark cloud of mourning Nicolay, Nicolay, With Lincoln Inside the White House, With Lincoln Inside the White House, 131. 131.
"It is well for us" Phineas D. Gurley, "Funeral Address on the Occasion of the Death of William Wallace Lincoln" (Washington: n.p., 1862), 3-4. Phineas D. Gurley, "Funeral Address on the Occasion of the Death of William Wallace Lincoln" (Washington: n.p., 1862), 3-4.
"Please keep the boys" Baker, Mary Baker, Mary Todd Lincoln, Todd Lincoln, 213. 213.
"Driver, my friend" Wilson, Wilson, Intimate Memories of Lincoln, Intimate Memories of Lincoln, 422. 422.
Lincoln enjoyed Seward Burton Jesse Hendrick, Burton Jesse Hendrick, Lincoln"s War Cabinet Lincoln"s War Cabinet (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1946), 186; Hay, (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1946), 186; Hay, Inside, Inside, October 12, 1861, 26; Doris Kearns Goodwin, October 12, 1861, 26; Doris Kearns Goodwin, Team of Rivals: the Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln Team of Rivals: the Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 387-88. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 387-88.
"What does this mean?" Nicolay, Nicolay, With Lincoln in the White House, With Lincoln in the White House, February 27, 1862, 72. February 27, 1862, 72.
"Well, anybody!" There are a number of versions of this story. See Bruce Tap, There are a number of versions of this story. See Bruce Tap, Over Lincoln"s Shoulder: The Committee on the Conduct of the War Over Lincoln"s Shoulder: The Committee on the Conduct of the War (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1998), 113. (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1998), 113.
"giving over to the enemy" The only account of this conversation is in McClellan, The only account of this conversation is in McClellan, McClellan s Own Story, McClellan s Own Story, 195-96. 195-96.
"We can do nothing else" T. Harry Williams, T. Harry Williams, Lincoln and His Generals Lincoln and His Generals (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1952), 67. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1952), 67.
"in, and about Washington" AL, "President"s General War Order No. 2," "President"s General War Order No. 3," March 8, 1862, AL, "President"s General War Order No. 2," "President"s General War Order No. 3," March 8, 1862, CW, CW, 5:149-51. 5:149-51.
"You now have over one hundred" AL to George B. McClellan, April 6, 1862, AL to George B. McClellan, April 6, 1862, CW, CW, 5:182. 5:182.
fired off a telegram George B. McClellan to AL, April 7, 1862, McClellan, George B. McClellan to AL, April 7, 1862, McClellan, Civil War Papers, Civil War Papers, 233. 233.
"I was much tempted" George B. McClellan to Ellen McClellan, April 8, 1862, McClellan, George B. McClellan to Ellen McClellan, April 8, 1862, McClellan, Civil War Papers, Civil War Papers, 234. 234.
"After you left" AL to George B. McClellan, April 9, 1862, AL to George B. McClellan, April 9, 1862, CW, CW, 5:184. 5:184.
"Your call for Parrott guns" AL to George B. McClellan, May 1, 1862, AL to George B. McClellan, May 1, 1862, CW, CW, 5:203. 5:203.
"Abe was rushing about" Henry Williams to parents, May 6, 1862, in Stephen Sears, Henry Williams to parents, May 6, 1862, in Stephen Sears, To the Gates of Richmond: The Peninsula Campaign To the Gates of Richmond: The Peninsula Campaign (New York: Licknor and Fields, 1992), 90. (New York: Licknor and Fields, 1992), 90.
"It is extremely fortunate" William Keeler to his wife, May 9, 1862, cited in William Frederick Keeler, William Keeler to his wife, May 9, 1862, cited in William Frederick Keeler, Aboard the USS Monitor, 1862: The Letters of Acting Paymaster William Frederick Keeler, Aboard the USS Monitor, 1862: The Letters of Acting Paymaster William Frederick Keeler, ed. Robert W. Daly (Annapolis: U.S. Naval Inst.i.tute, 1964), 113, 115. ed. Robert W. Daly (Annapolis: U.S. Naval Inst.i.tute, 1964), 113, 115.
"So has ended a brilliant week"s" Salmon P. Chase to Janet Chase, May 11, 1862, Salmon P. Chase to Janet Chase, May 11, 1862, The Salmon P. Chase Papers, The Salmon P. Chase Papers, ed. John Niven (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1996), 3:197. ed. John Niven (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1996), 3:197.
"If there is an honest man" William Marvel, William Marvel, Burnside Burnside (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1991), 93. (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1991), 93.
"I prefer Lee to Johnston" George B. McClellan to AL, July 7, 1862, McClellan, George B. McClellan to AL, July 7, 1862, McClellan, Civil War Papers, Civil War Papers, 344-45. 344-45.
"It should not be a war" Sears, Sears, George B. McClellan, George B. McClellan, 227-29. 227-29.
"really seems quite incapable" George B. McClellan to Ellen McClellan, July 9, 1862, McClellan, George B. McClellan to Ellen McClellan, July 9, 1862, McClellan, Civil War Papers, Civil War Papers, 348. 348.
"What would you do" AL to Cuthbert Bullitt, July 28, 1862, AL to Cuthbert Bullitt, July 28, 1862, CW, CW, 5:344-46. 5:344-46.
"This government cannot much longer" AL to August Belmont, July 31, 1862, AL to August Belmont, July 31, 1862, CW, CW, 5:350. 5:350.
a crucial decision McPherson, McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, Battle Cry of Freedom, 502-3. 502-3.