Lincoln"s decision to have the Committee Fessenden, 246-48. Fessenden, 246-48.
"I sent for you" Welles, Welles, Diary, Diary, December 20, 201. December 20, 201.
for the sake of "the public interest" AL to William H. Seward and Salmon P. Chase, December 20, 1862, AL to William H. Seward and Salmon P. Chase, December 20, 1862, CW, CW, 6:12. 6:12.
CHAPTER 22. 22. what Will the Country Say: January 1863-May 1863 what Will the Country Say: January 1863-May 1863 And by virtue AL, "Emanc.i.p.ation Proclamation," January 1, 1863, AL, "Emanc.i.p.ation Proclamation," January 1, 1863, CW, CW, 6:28-31. 6:28-31.
"What if the President fails" Dougla.s.s, Dougla.s.s, Dougla.s.s" Monthly, Dougla.s.s" Monthly, January 1863, in January 1863, in Life and Writings of Frederick Dougla.s.s, Life and Writings of Frederick Dougla.s.s, 3:307. 3:307.
"could not stop the Proclamation" Charles Sumner to John Murray Forbes, December 28, 1862, Charles Sumner to John Murray Forbes, December 28, 1862, The Selected Letters of Charles Sumner, The Selected Letters of Charles Sumner, ed. Beverly Wilson Palmer (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1990), 2:135-36. ed. Beverly Wilson Palmer (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1990), 2:135-36.
"to abstain from all violence" Guelzo, Guelzo, Lincoln"s Emanc.i.p.ation Proclamation, Lincoln"s Emanc.i.p.ation Proclamation, 178. 178.
"he would complete" Welles, Welles, Diary, Diary, December 31, 1862, 210-11. Senator Charles Sumner of Ma.s.sachusetts took credit for suggesting the idea to both Chase and the president. See Charles Sumner to George Livermore, January 9, 1863, December 31, 1862, 210-11. Senator Charles Sumner of Ma.s.sachusetts took credit for suggesting the idea to both Chase and the president. See Charles Sumner to George Livermore, January 9, 1863, Selected Letters of Charles Sumner, Selected Letters of Charles Sumner, 2:139-40. 2:139-40.
"Tomorrow at noon" Guelzo, Guelzo, Lincoln"s Emanc.i.p.ation Proclamation, Lincoln"s Emanc.i.p.ation Proclamation, 177-78. 177-78.
"What do you intend" Florence W. Stanley, "Emanc.i.p.ation Proclamation: Lincoln"s Own Story Retold," Florence W. Stanley, "Emanc.i.p.ation Proclamation: Lincoln"s Own Story Retold," Christian Science Monitor, Christian Science Monitor, September 22, 1937. September 22, 1937.
"warm salutations" "New Year"s Day in Washington," "New Year"s Day in Washington," Washington Republican, Washington Republican, January 2, 1863. January 2, 1863.
New Year"s Day reception Mr. Lincoln"s Washington: Selections from the Writings of Noah Brooks, Civil War Correspondent, Mr. Lincoln"s Washington: Selections from the Writings of Noah Brooks, Civil War Correspondent, ed. P. J. Staudenraus (South Brunswick, N.J.: Lhomas Yoseloff 1967), 57-60. ed. P. J. Staudenraus (South Brunswick, N.J.: Lhomas Yoseloff 1967), 57-60.
"his hand trembled" Charles Sumner to George Livermore, January 9, 1863, Charles Sumner to George Livermore, January 9, 1863, Selected Letters of Charles Sumner, Selected Letters of Charles Sumner, 2:139-40. See also Guelzo, 2:139-40. See also Guelzo, Lincoln s Emanc.i.p.ation Proclamation, Lincoln s Emanc.i.p.ation Proclamation, 182-83. 182-83.
"My hand and arm trembled" Isaac Newton Arnold, Isaac Newton Arnold, The History of Abraham Lincoln and the Overthrow of Slavery The History of Abraham Lincoln and the Overthrow of Slavery (Chicago: Clarke and Company, 1866), 304. (Chicago: Clarke and Company, 1866), 304.
"I never, in my life" Seward, Seward, Seward at Washington, Seward at Washington, 2:151. 2:151.
"It is of the utmost importance" Ambrose Burnside to AL, January 1, 1863, CW, 6:32. Ambrose Burnside to AL, January 1, 1863, CW, 6:32.
"retire to private life" Marvel, Marvel, Burnside, Burnside, 209-11. 209-11.
confidence of the army Marszalek, Marszalek, Commander of All Lincoln"s Armies, Commander of All Lincoln"s Armies, 163-64. 163-64.
tension between Burnside and Halleck Marvel, Marvel, Burnside, Burnside, 210-11. 210-11.
"Ifin such a difficulty" AL to Henry W. Halleck, January 1, 1863, AL to Henry W. Halleck, January 1, 1863, CW, CW, 6:31-32. 6:31-32.
"a fine ride" Marvel, Marvel, Burnside, Burnside, 212. 212.
"Mud March" Ibid., 212-14. Ibid., 212-14.
warned Lincoln Brown, Brown, Raymond of the Times, Raymond of the Times, 223-24. 223-24.
"That is all true" Fehrenbacher, Fehrenbacher, Recollected Words, Recollected Words, 375. 375.
"I am a hot headed" Walter H. Hebert, Walter H. Hebert, Lighting Joe Hooker Lighting Joe Hooker (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1944), 65, 91, 153-61. (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1944), 65, 91, 153-61.
"That is just such a letter" Noah Brooks, Noah Brooks, Washington in Lincoln"s Time Washington in Lincoln"s Time (New York: The Century Company, 1895), 52-53. (New York: The Century Company, 1895), 52-53.
report directly to the president Marszalek, Marszalek, Commander of All Lincoln"s Armies, Commander of All Lincoln"s Armies, 166. 166.
"a white man"s war" McPherson, McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, Battle Cry of Freedom, 563. 563.
"And I further declare" AL, "Emanc.i.p.ation Proclamation," January 1, 1863, AL, "Emanc.i.p.ation Proclamation," January 1, 1863, CW, 6:30. CW, 6:30.
"would produce dangerous & fatal" Browning, Browning, Diary, Diary, July 1, 1862, 555. July 1, 1862, 555.
"The colored man only waits" Frederick Dougla.s.s, "The Proclamation and a Negro Army," Frederick Dougla.s.s, "The Proclamation and a Negro Army," Dougla.s.s" Monthly, Dougla.s.s" Monthly, March 1863. March 1863.
clash of twin emotions Blight, Blight, Frederick Dougla.s.s" Civil War, Frederick Dougla.s.s" Civil War, 156-57. 156-57.
gravitating toward the ideas Thomas and Hyman, Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, Stanton, 229-31. 229-31.
recruitment of African-Americans Dudley Taylor Cornish, Dudley Taylor Cornish, The Sable Arm: Negro Troops in the Union Army, The Sable Arm: Negro Troops in the Union Army, 1861-1865 (New York: Longmans, Green and Company, 1956), 112-26. 1861-1865 (New York: Longmans, Green and Company, 1956), 112-26.
"The bare sight" AL to Andrew Johnson, March 26, 1863, AL to Andrew Johnson, March 26, 1863, CW, CW, 6:149. 6:149.
"I desire that a renewed" AL to Edwin M. Stanton, July 21, 1863, AL to Edwin M. Stanton, July 21, 1863, CW, CW, 6:342. 6:342.
"Army of the Potomac" Charles Francis Adams, Jr., to Charles Francis Adams, January 30, 1863, Charles Francis Adams, Jr., to Charles Francis Adams, January 30, 1863, A Cycle of Adams Letters 1860-1865, A Cycle of Adams Letters 1860-1865, ed. Worthington C. Ford (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1920), 1:250. ed. Worthington C. Ford (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1920), 1:250.
"Mymen shall be fed" Hebert, Hebert, Fighting Joe Hooker, Fighting Joe Hooker, 178-80. 178-80.
"orderly observance" AL, "Order for Sabbath Observance," November 15, 1862, AL, "Order for Sabbath Observance," November 15, 1862, CW, CW, 5:497-98. 5:497-98.
"a combination of bar-room" Charles Francis Adams, 1835-1915, Charles Francis Adams, 1835-1915, 161. 161.
Lincoln reviewed the cavalry Air. Air. Lincoln"s Washington, Lincoln"s Washington, 151-54. 151-54.
"When I get to Richmond," Hebert, Hebert, Fighting Joe Hooker, Fighting Joe Hooker, 183. 183.
"Gentlemen, in your next battle" Darius N. Couch, "The Chancellorsville Campaign," Darius N. Couch, "The Chancellorsville Campaign," Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, ed. Clarence C. Buel and Robert U. Johnson (New York: The Century Company, 1884-88), 3:155. ed. Clarence C. Buel and Robert U. Johnson (New York: The Century Company, 1884-88), 3:155.
"That is the most depressing" Brooks, Brooks, Washington in Lincoln s Time, Washington in Lincoln s Time, 52. 52.
"Whereas, while heretofore" AL, "Resolution on Slavery," April 15, 1863, AL, "Resolution on Slavery," April 15, 1863, CW, CW, 6:176. 6:176.
"Resolved, That no such embryo" Ibid., 177. Ibid., 177.
"The Jews, as a cla.s.s" Smith, Smith, Grant, Grant, 225-26. 225-26.
Grant alone was responsible Simpson, Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant, Ulysses S. Grant, 163-65. 163-65.
"And so the children of Israel" Bertram Wallace Korn, Bertram Wallace Korn, American Jewry and the Civil War American Jewry and the Civil War (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1951), 121-25. Lincoln sent the order through Halleck. (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1951), 121-25. Lincoln sent the order through Halleck.
"an uncommon fellow" Charles A. Dana, Charles A. Dana, Recollections of the Civil War Recollections of the Civil War (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1898), 61. (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1898), 61.
"to reach the ear of the President" Murat Halstead to John Nicolay, April 1, 1863. Murat Halstead to John Nicolay, April 1, 1863.
"are too common" Salmon P. Chase to AL, April 4, 1863, ALPLC. Chase enclosed the letter from Halstead. Salmon P. Chase to AL, April 4, 1863, ALPLC. Chase enclosed the letter from Halstead.
"I have had stronger influence" Philadelphia Enquirer, Philadelphia Enquirer, May 15, 1863, verified in Fehrenbacher, May 15, 1863, verified in Fehrenbacher, Recolleded Words, Recolleded Words, 11. 11.
"The President attaches" OR, OR, vol. vol. 17, 17, pt. pt. 1, 1, 10. 10.
rumors about troop morale McPherson, McPherson, Tried by War, Tried by War, forthcoming. forthcoming.
"impatient" Henry Halleck to Ulysses S. Grant, April 2, 1863, cited in McPherson, Henry Halleck to Ulysses S. Grant, April 2, 1863, cited in McPherson, Tired by War, Tired by War, forthcoming. forthcoming.
clamping down secessionist views See Richard L. Kiper, See Richard L. Kiper, Major General John Alexander McClernand: Politician in Uniform Major General John Alexander McClernand: Politician in Uniform (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1999); and the treatment of McClernand in Steven E. Woodworth, (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1999); and the treatment of McClernand in Steven E. Woodworth, Nothing but Victory: The Army of the Tennessee, 1861-1865 Nothing but Victory: The Army of the Tennessee, 1861-1865 (New York: Vintage, 2006). (New York: Vintage, 2006).
McClernand took advantage McClernand wrote to Lincoln on March 31, June 20, and September 28, 1863. McClernand wrote to Lincoln on March 31, June 20, and September 28, 1863.
Grant saw OR, OR, vol. 17, pt. 1, 113-14. vol. 17, pt. 1, 113-14.
"he thought him brave" Chase, Chase, Diaries, Diaries, September 27, 1862, 161. September 27, 1862, 161.
"You may not hear from me" Ulysses S. Grant to Henry W. Halleck, Ulysses S. Grant to Henry W. Halleck, PUSG, PUSG, 7:196. 7:196.
"I am afraid Grant" Elihu Washburne to AL, May 1, 1863, ALPLC. Elihu Washburne to AL, May 1, 1863, ALPLC.
"The President tells me" Charles Sumner to Francis Lieber, January 17, 1863, Charles Sumner to Francis Lieber, January 17, 1863, Memoir and Letters of Charles Sumner, Memoir and Letters of Charles Sumner, ed. Edward L. Pierce (Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1877-93), 4:114. ed. Edward L. Pierce (Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1877-93), 4:114.
"Peace Democrats," or "Copperheads" Jennifer L. Weber"s Jennifer L. Weber"s Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln"s Opponents in the North Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln"s Opponents in the North (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006) shows the power and range of the effort of Copperheads to challenge the Union war effort. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006) shows the power and range of the effort of Copperheads to challenge the Union war effort.
caricatured as a wacko Frank L. Klement, Frank L. Klement, The Limits of Dissent: Clement L. Vallandigham and the Civil War The Limits of Dissent: Clement L. Vallandigham and the Civil War (Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1970), paints a more sympathetic portrait of Vallandigham, 102-11, 123-25. (Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1970), paints a more sympathetic portrait of Vallandigham, 102-11, 123-25.
"The Const.i.tution as it is" Ibid., 116 116-17.
"Defeat, debt, taxation" Ibid., 124 25.
"The Peace Party means" John A. McClernand to AL, February 14, 1863, ALPLC. John A. McClernand to AL, February 14, 1863, ALPLC.
bitter fruits of the Democratic victories Arthur Charles Cole, Arthur Charles Cole, The Era of the The Era of the Civil War, 1848-1870 (Chicago: A. C. McClurg and Company, 1922), 298-99. (Chicago: A. C. McClurg and Company, 1922), 298-99.
"uttered one word" Marvel, Marvel, Burnside, Burnside, 231-32. 231-32.
"a bane usurpation" Klement, Klement, The Limits of Dissent, The Limits of Dissent, 152-54. 152-54.
"I am here in a military bastile" Ibid., 163 163-64.
"an error on the part" Welles, Welles, Diary, Diary, May 19, 1863, 306. May 19, 1863, 306.
"source of Embarra.s.sment" Ambrose Burnside to AL, May 29, 1863, ALPLC. Ambrose Burnside to AL, May 29, 1863, ALPLC.
"being done, all were" AL to Ambrose Burnside, May 29, 1863, AL to Ambrose Burnside, May 29, 1863, CW, CW, 6:237. 6:237.
his own resolution Vallandigham was taken by Confederate authorities to Wilmington, North Carolina, and finally made his way to Canada in July. Nominated by the Democrats of Ohio for governor on June 11, he ran his campaign in exile, represented by surrogates. In the election on October 13, 1863, he was defeated by Republican John Brough 288,000 to 187,000. Vallandigham was taken by Confederate authorities to Wilmington, North Carolina, and finally made his way to Canada in July. Nominated by the Democrats of Ohio for governor on June 11, he ran his campaign in exile, represented by surrogates. In the election on October 13, 1863, he was defeated by Republican John Brough 288,000 to 187,000.
"fight, fight, fight" Hebert, Hebert, Fighting Joe Hooker, Fighting Joe Hooker, 188. 188.
"Would like to have a letter" AL to Joseph Hooker, April 15, 1863, AL to Joseph Hooker, April 15, 1863, CW, CW, 6:175. 6:175.
"if he should meet" Joseph Hooker to AL, April 15, 1863, Joseph Hooker to AL, April 15, 1863, CW, CW, 6:175. 6:175.
"It seems to me Mr. Capen knows nothing" "Memorandum Concerning Francis L. Capen"s Weather Forecasts," April 28, 1863, "Memorandum Concerning Francis L. Capen"s Weather Forecasts," April 28, 1863, CW, CW, 6:190-91. 6:190-91.
"I fully appreciate the anxiety" Joseph Hooker to AL, April 27, 1863, ALPLC. Joseph Hooker to AL, April 27, 1863, ALPLC.
"How does it look now?" AL to Joseph Hooker, April 27, 1863, AL to Joseph Hooker, April 27, 1863, CW, CW, 6:188. 6:188.
"I am not sufficiently advanced" Joseph Hooker to AL, April 27, 1863, Joseph Hooker to AL, April 27, 1863, CW, CW, 6:188. 6:188.
"Where is General Hooker?" AL to Daniel b.u.t.terfield, May 3, 1863, ALPLC. AL to Daniel b.u.t.terfield, May 3, 1863, ALPLC.
"he had a feverish anxiety" Welles, Welles, Diary, Diary, May 4, 1863, 291. May 4, 1863, 291.
"We have news here" AL to Joseph Hooker, May 4, 1863, AL to Joseph Hooker, May 4, 1863, CW, CW, 6:196. 6:196.
"I am informed" Joseph Hooker to AL, May 4, 1863, Joseph Hooker to AL, May 4, 1863, CW, CW, 6:196. 6:196.
"ashen in hue" Brooks, Brooks, Washington in Lincoln"s Time, Washington in Lincoln"s Time, 57-58. 57-58.
CHAPTER 23. 23. You Say You Will Not Fight to Free Negroes: May 1863-September 1863 You Say You Will Not Fight to Free Negroes: May 1863-September 1863 "be true to the Const.i.tution" Klement, Klement, Limits of Dissent, Limits of Dissent, 178-81. 178-81.
"make a respectful response" AL to Erastus Corning, May 28, 1863, AL to Erastus Corning, May 28, 1863, CW, CW, 6:235. 6:235.
"I had it nearly all" James F. Wilson, "Some Memories of Lincoln," James F. Wilson, "Some Memories of Lincoln," North American Review North American Review 163 (December 1896): 670-71. Although this reminiscence by Wilson was written years later, it rings true with Lincoln"s conversations with others about his methods of thinking, retrieving, and writing. See Wilson, 163 (December 1896): 670-71. Although this reminiscence by Wilson was written years later, it rings true with Lincoln"s conversations with others about his methods of thinking, retrieving, and writing. See Wilson, Lincoln"s Sword, Lincoln"s Sword, for an excellent discussion of the Corning letter, 165-77. See also Neely, for an excellent discussion of the Corning letter, 165-77. See also Neely, Fate of Liberty, Fate of Liberty, 66-68. 66-68.
"Ithasvigor" Welles, Welles, Diary, Diary, June 5, 1863, 323. June 5, 1863, 323.
"doing their part" AL to Erastus Corning and Others [June 12], 1863, AL to Erastus Corning and Others [June 12], 1863, CW, CW, 6:261. 6:261.
"a.s.sert and argue" Ibid.
"was not arrested" Ibid., 263-66. Ibid., 263-66.
"I think that in such a case" Ibid., 266-67. Ibid., 266-67.
"maintained martial, or military law" Ibid., 268. 268.
"throughout the indefinite peaceful" Ibid., 267. 267.