In compliance with the suggestions of the publisher, Byron altered and improved the stanzas relating to Elgin and Wellington. With respect to the religious, or anti-religious sentiments, Byron wrote to Murray: "As for the "orthodox," let us hope they will buy on purpose to abuse--you will forgive the one if they will do the other." Yet he did alter Stanza VIII, and inserted what Moore calls a "magnificent stanza" in place of one that was churlish and sneering, and in all respects very much inferior.
Byron then proceeded to another point. "Tell me fairly, did you show the MS. to some of your corps?" "I will have no traps for applause," he wrote to Mr. Murray, at the same time forbidding him to show the ma.n.u.script of "Childe Harold" to his Aristarchus, Mr. Gifford, though he had no objection to letting it be seen by any one else. But it was too late. Mr. Gifford had already seen the ma.n.u.script, and p.r.o.nounced a favourable opinion as to its great poetic merits. Byron was not satisfied with this a.s.surance, and seemed, in his next letter, to be very angry. He could not bear to have it thought that he was endeavouring to ensure a favourable review of his work in the _Quarterly_. To Mr. Dallas he wrote (September 23, 1811):
"I _will_ be angry with Murray. It was a book-selling, back-shop, Paternoster Row, paltry proceeding; and if the experiment had turned out as it deserved, I would have raised all Fleet Street, and borrowed the giant"s staff from St. Dunstan"s Church, to immolate the betrayer of trust. I have written to him as he was never written to before by an author, I"ll be sworn; and I hope you will amplify my wrath, till it has an effect upon him."
Byron at first objected to allow the new poem to be published with his name, thinking that this would bring down upon him the enmity of his critics in the North, as well as the venom of the southern scribblers, whom he had enraged by his Satire. At last, on Mr. Murray"s strong representation, he consented to allow his name to be published on the t.i.tle-page as the author. Even to the last, however, his doubts were great as to the probable success of the poem; and he more than once talked of suppressing it.
In October 1811 Lord Byron wrote from Newstead Abbey to his friend Mr.
Hodgson: [Footnote: The Rev. Francis Hodgson was then residing at Cambridge as Fellow and Tutor of King"s College. He formed an intimate friendship with Byron, who communicated with him freely as to his poetical as well as his religious difficulties. Hodgson afterwards became Provost of Eton.]
""Childe Harold"s Pilgrimage" must wait till Murray"s is finished. He is making a tour in Middles.e.x, and is to return soon, when high matter may be expected. He wants to have it in quarto, which is a cursed unsaleable size; but it is pestilent long, and one must obey one"s publisher."
The whole of the sheets were printed off in the following month of January; and the work was published on March 1, 1812. Of the first edition only 500 copies, demy quarto, were printed.
It is unnecessary to say with what applause the book was received. The impression it produced was as instantaneous as it proved to be lasting.
Byron himself briefly described the result of the publication in his memoranda: "I awoke one morning and found myself famous." The publisher had already taken pains to spread abroad the merits of the poem. Many of his friends had re-echoed its praises. The attention of the public was fixed upon the work; and in three days after its appearance the whole edition was disposed of. When Mr. Dallas went to see Lord Byron at his house in St. James"s Street, he found him loaded with letters from critics, poets, and authors, all lavish of their raptures. A handsome new edition, in octavo, was proposed, to which his Lordship agreed.
Eventually Mr. Murray consented to give Mr. Dallas 600 for the copyright of the poem; although Mr. Gifford and others were of opinion that it might prove a bad bargain at that price. There was, however, one exception, namely Mr. Rogers, who told Mr. Murray not to be disheartened, for he might rely upon its turning out the most fortunate purchase he had ever made; and so it proved. Three thousand copies of the second and third editions of the poem in octavo were printed; and these went off in rapid succession.
On the appearance of "Childe Harold"s Pilgrimage" Lord Byron became an object of interest in the fashionable world of London. His poem was the subject of conversation everywhere, and many literary, n.o.ble, and royal personages desired to make his acquaintance. In the month of June he was invited to a party at Miss Johnson"s, at which His Royal Highness the Prince Regent was present. As Lord Byron had not yet been to Court, it was not considered etiquette that he should appear before His Royal Highness. He accordingly retired to another room. But on the Prince being informed that Lord Byron was in the house, he expressed a desire to see him. Lord Byron was sent for, and the following is Mr. Murray"s account of the conversation that took place.
_John Murray to Mr. Scott_.
_June_ 27, 1812.
DEAR SIR,
I cannot refrain, notwithstanding my fears of intrusion, from mentioning to you a conversation which Lord Byron had with H.R.H. the Prince Regent, and of which you formed the leading subject. He was at an evening party at Miss Johnson"s this week, when the Prince, hearing that Lord Byron was present, expressed a desire to be introduced to him; and for more than half an hour they conversed on poetry and poets, with which the Prince displayed an intimacy and critical taste which at once surprised and delighted Lord Byron. But the Prince"s great delight was Walter Scott, whose name and writings he dwelt upon and recurred to incessantly. He preferred him far beyond any other poet of the time, repeated several pa.s.sages with fervour, and criticized them faithfully.
He spoke chiefly of the "Lay of the Last Minstrel," which he expressed himself as admiring most of the three poems. He quoted Homer, and even some of the obscurer Greek poets, and appeared, as Lord Byron supposes, to have read more poetry than any prince in Europe. He paid, of course, many compliments to Lord Byron, but the greatest was "that he ought to be offended with Lord B., for that he had thought it impossible for any poet to equal Walter Scott, and that he had made him find himself mistaken." Lord Byron called upon me, merely to let off the raptures of the Prince respecting you, thinking, as he said, that if I were likely to have occasion to write to you, it might not be ungrateful for you to hear of his praises.
In reply Scott wrote to Mr. Murray as follows, enclosing a letter to Lord Byron, which has already been published in the Lives of both authors:
_Mr. Scott to John Murray_.
EDINBURGH, _July 2_, 1812.
MY DEAR SIR,
I have been very silent, partly through pressure of business and partly from idleness and procrastination, but it would be very ungracious to delay returning my thanks for your kindness in transmitting the very flattering particulars of the Prince Regent"s conversation with Lord Byron. I trouble you with a few lines to his Lordship expressive of my thanks for his very handsome and gratifying communication, and I hope he will not consider it as intrusive in a veteran author to pay my debt of grat.i.tude for the high pleasure I have received from the perusal of "Childe Harold," which is certainly the most original poem which we have had this many a day....
Your obliged, humble Servant,
WALTER SCOTT.
This episode led to the opening of an agreeable correspondence between Scott and Byron, and to a lasting friendship between the two poets.
The fit of inspiration was now on Lord Byron. In May 1813 appeared "The Giaour," and in the midst of his corrections of successive editions of it, he wrote in four nights his second Turkish story, "Zuleika,"
afterwards known as "The Bride of Abydos."
With respect to the business arrangement as to the two poems, Mr. Murray wrote to Lord Byron as follows:
_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
_November_ 18, 1813.
MY DEAR LORD,
I am very anxious that our business transactions should occur frequently, and that they should be settled immediately; for short accounts are favourable to long friendships.
I restore "The Giaour" to your Lordship entirely, and for it, the "Bride of Abydos," and the miscellaneous poems intended to fill up the volume of the small edition, I beg leave to offer you the sum of One Thousand Guineas; and I shall be happy if you perceive that my estimation of your talents in my character of a man of business is not much under my admiration of them as a man.
I do most heartily accept the offer of your portrait, as the most n.o.ble mark of friendship with which you could in any way honour me. I do a.s.sure you that I am truly proud of being distinguished as your publisher, and that I shall ever continue,
Your Lordship"s faithful Servant,
JOHN MURRAY.
With reference to the foregoing letter we read in Lord Byron"s Diary:
"Mr. Murray has offered me one thousand guineas for "The Giaour" and "The Bride of Abydos." I won"t. It is too much: though I am strongly tempted, merely for the say of it. No bad price for a fortnight"s (a week each) what?--the G.o.ds know. It was intended to be called poetry."
The "Bride of Abydos" was received with almost as much applause as the "Giaour." "Lord Byron," said Sir James Mackintosh, "is the author of the day; six thousand of his "Bride of Abydos" have been sold within a month."
"The Corsair" was Lord Byron"s next poem, written with great vehemence, literally "struck off at a heat," at the rate of about two hundred lines a day,--"a circ.u.mstance," says Moore, "that is, perhaps, wholly without a parallel in the history of genius." "The Corsair" was begun on the 18th, and finished on the 31st of December, 1813.
A sudden impulse induced Lord Byron to present the copyright of this poem also to Mr. Dallas, with the single stipulation that he would offer it for publication to Mr. Murray, who eventually paid Mr. Dallas five hundred guineas for the copyright, and the work was published in February 1814. The following letters will give some idea of the reception it met with.
_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
_February_ 3, 1814.
MY LORD,
I have been unwilling to write until I had something to say, an occasion to which I do not always restrict myself. I am most happy to tell you that your last poem _is_--what Mr. Southey"s is _called_--_a Carmen Triumphale_. Never, in my recollection, has any work, since the "Letter of Burke to the Duke of Bedford," excited such a ferment--a ferment which, I am happy to say, will subside into lasting fame. I sold, on the day of publication--a thing perfectly unprecedented--10,000 copies....
Gifford did what I never knew him do before--he repeated several pa.s.sages from memory."
The "Ode to Napoleon Bonaparte," which appeared in April 1814, was on the whole a failure. It was known to be Lord Byron"s, and its publication was seized upon by the press as the occasion for many bitter criticisms, mingled with personalities against the writer"s genius and character. He was cut to the quick by these notices, and came to the determination to buy back the whole of the copyrights of his works, and suppress every line he had ever written. On April 29, 1814, he wrote to Mr. Murray:
_Lord Byron to John Murray_.
_April_ 29, 1814.
I enclose a draft for the money; when paid, send the copyrights. I release you from the thousand pounds agreed on for "The Giaour" and "Bride," and there"s an end.... For all this, it might be well to a.s.sign some reason. I have none to give, except my own caprice, and I do not consider the circ.u.mstance of consequence enough to require explanation.... It will give me great pleasure to preserve your acquaintance, and to consider you as my friend. Believe me very truly, and for much attention,
Yours, etc.,
BYRON.