COBHAM PARK AND HALL, THE LEATHER BOTTLE, SHORNE, CHALK, AND THE DOVER ROAD.
"It"s a place you may well be fond of and attached to, for it"s the prettiest spot in all the country round."--_The Village Coquettes._
"The last soft light of the setting sun had fallen on the earth, casting a rich glow on the yellow corn sheaves, and lengthening the shadows of the orchard trees."--_The Pickwick Papers._
WE reserve this, our last long tramp in "d.i.c.kens-Land," for the Friday before our departure. Mrs. Perugini, the novelist"s second daughter, had recently told us that this was the most beautiful of all the beautiful parts of Kent, and so indeed it proves to be. Its sylvan scenery is truly unique.
Mr. Charles d.i.c.kens the younger, in his valuable annotated Jubilee edition of _Pickwick_, has included this note relating to Cobham:--
"As all the world knows, the neighbourhood of Rochester was dear to Charles d.i.c.kens. There it is that Gad"s Hill Place stands, the house to which, as "a queer, small boy," he looked forward as the possible reward of an industrious career, and in which he pa.s.sed the later years of his life; and near Rochester, still approached by the "delightful walk"
here described, is Cobham, one of the most charming villages in that part of Kent. Down the lanes, and through the park to Cobham, was always a favourite walk with Charles d.i.c.kens; and he never wearied of acting as _cicerone_ to his guests to its fine church and the quaint almshouses with the disused refectory behind it."
Happily the weather again favours us on this delightful excursion. It is just such a day as that on which we made our visit to Gad"s Hill. As we have had much tramping about Rochester during the morning, we prudently take an early afternoon train to Higham, to save our legs. The short distance of about four miles consists almost entirely of tunnels cut through the chalk.
Alighting at Higham Station, we make our way for the Dover Road and reach Pear Tree Lane, which turns out of it for Cobham. We notice in pa.s.sing through Higham by daylight that the lanes are much closed in by banks, in fact, the tertiary and chalk systems have been cut through to form the roads; but here and there one gets glimpses of the Thames, its course being marked by the white or brown wings of sailing-boats.
The lane above alluded to, a little above Gad"s Hill, is the direct road to Cobham, and on entering it we are immediately struck with the different scene presented, as compared with any part of the county we have previously gone over. It is cut through the Thanet Sands, which at first are of ashy gray colour, but after some distance are of a bright red hue, probably owing to infiltration, and the road rises gently until the woods are reached. The vegetation growing on the high banks consists of oak, hazel, beech, sycamore, and Spanish chestnut, in many places intermingled with wild clematis. The branches of the trees are not allowed to grow over into the road, but are kept well cut back so as practically to form a wall on either side, extending in some places to twelve feet high. The effect is to present an almost unbroken surface of various shades of green, deliciously cool and shady in the heat of summer, and brightened here and there in autumn by the rich orange-coloured fruit of the arum, the scarlet berries of the white bryony, and--deeper in the woods--by the pinky-waxen berries of the spindle-tree, described by Lord Tennyson as "the fruit which in our winter woodland looks a flower."
As the road continually winds in its upward progress, and as no part within view extends beyond a few hundred yards before it turns again, the limit of perspective is frequently arrested by a number of evergreen arches. It was a Devonshire lane, so to speak, in a state of cultivation. Of course in the early spring, the delicacy of the fresh green foliage would give another picture; and again the autumnal tints would present a totally different effect under the influence of the rich colouring of decaying vegetation.
No wonder d.i.c.kens and his friends had such admiration for this walk, the last, by the way, that he ever enjoyed, on Tuesday, 7th June, 1870, with his sister-in-law, Miss Hogarth, the day before the fatal seizure. In a letter written from Lausanne, so far back as the year 1846, he says:--
"Green woods and green shades about here are more like Cobham, in Kent, than anything we dream of at the foot of Alpine pa.s.ses."
When we reach an elevation and are able to get an extended view of the country we have traversed, a magnificent prospect of the Thames valley on the west side, and of the Medway valley on the east, discloses itself. On a bank in this lane we find a rather rare plant, the long-stalked crane"s-bill (_Geranium columbinum_), its rose-pink flowers standing out like rubies among the green foliage. _Pteris aquilina_, the common brake or bracken, is very luxuriant here; but we have met with few ferns in the part of Kent which we visited. We were afterwards informed that _asplenium_, _lastrea_, _scolopendrium_, and others are to be found in the neighbourhood. We pa.s.s at Shorne Ridgway a village inn with a curious sign, "Ye Olde See Ho Taverne." On inquiry, we learn that "See Ho" is the sportsman"s cry in coursing, when a hare appears in sight.
The woods surrounding the entrance to the park are presently reached, and here the vegetation, which in the lanes had been kept under, is allowed to grow unchecked. At intervals walks (or "rides," as they are called in some counties) are cut through the woods, the gra.s.s being well mown underneath, and each of these walks is a shaded grove, losing itself in the distance. The deep silence of the place is only broken by the cooing of the wood-pigeon, and the occasional piercing note of the green woodp.e.c.k.e.r. It is said that the nightingales appear here about the 13th of April and continue singing until June, and that the best time for seeing this neighbourhood is during the blossoming season in May.
The temptation to quote d.i.c.kens"s own description of Cobham Park from _Pickwick_ cannot be resisted:--
"A delightful walk it was; for it was a pleasant afternoon in June, and their way lay through a deep and shady wood, cooled by the light wind which gently rustled the thick foliage, and enlivened by the songs of the birds that perched upon the boughs. The ivy and the moss crept in thick cl.u.s.ters over the old trees, and the soft green turf overspread the ground like a silken mat. They emerged upon an open park, with an ancient hall, displaying the quaint and picturesque architecture of Elizabeth"s time. Long vistas of stately oaks and elm trees appeared on every side: large herds of deer were cropping the fresh gra.s.s; and occasionally a startled hare scoured along the ground with the speed of the shadows thrown by the light clouds, which swept across a sunny landscape like a pa.s.sing breath of summer."
Another description of Cobham at another time of the year is found in the _Seven Poor Travellers_:--
"As for me, I was going to walk, by Cobham Woods, as far upon my way to London as I fancied. . . .
And now the mists began to rise in the most beautiful manner, and the sun to shine; and as I went on through the bracing air, seeing the h.o.a.r-frost sparkle everywhere, I felt as if all Nature shared in the joy of the great Birthday. . . .
By Cobham Hall I came to the village, and the churchyard where the dead had been quietly buried "in the sure and certain hope" which Christmastide inspired."
We notice in our quiet tramp here a peculiarity in the foliage of the oaks which is worth recording. It will be remembered that in the late spring of 1888, anxiety was expressed by certain newspaper correspondents that the English oak would suffer extermination in consequence of caterpillars denuding it of its leaves. But naturalists who had studied the question knew better. The caterpillar, which is no doubt the larva of the green Tortrix moth (_Tortrix viridana_), spins its coc.o.o.n at the end of June or the beginning of July, and the effect of the heavy rains and warm sunny days since that time was to encourage the energy of the tree in putting forth its second growth of leaves.
This second growth of delicate green almost covered the oaks in Cobham Park, and effectually concealed the devastation of the caterpillars on the old leaves. The effect was quite spring-like. Truly, as George Eliot says, "Nature repairs her ravages."
[Ill.u.s.tration: Cobham Hall.]
Cobham Park is nearly seven miles round, and its exquisitely varied scenery of wood and glade is conspicuous at the spot where the chestnut tree called "The Four Sisters" is placed. There is a lovely walk from Cobham Hall to Rochester through the "Long Avenue," so named in contradistinction to the "Grand Avenue," which opens into Cobham village. This walk, which slopes all the way down from the Mausoleum, leads to a seat placed midway in an open spot where charming views of the Medway valley are obtained. For rich sylvan scenery in the county of Kent, this is surely unrivalled.
Admission to Cobham Hall, the seat of the Earl of Darnley (whose ancestors have resided here since the time of King John), is on Fridays only, and such admission is obtained by ticket, procurable from Mr.
Wildish, bookseller, of Rochester. A nominal charge is made, the proceeds being devoted towards maintaining Cobham schools.
The Hall is a red-brick edifice (temp. Elizabeth, 1587), consisting of two Tudor wings, connected by a central block designed by Inigo Jones.
The most noticeable objects in the entrance corridor are a fine pair of columns of Cornish serpentine, nearly ten feet high, tapering from a base some two feet square. The white veining of the steat.i.te (soapstone) is in beautiful contrast to the rich red and black colours of the marble. These columns were purchased at the great Exhibition of 1851. An enormous bath, hewn out of a solid block of granite said to have been brought from Egypt, is also a very noticeable object in this corridor.
The housekeeper--a chatty, intelligent, and portly personage--shows visitors over the rooms and picture-galleries. There is a superb collection of pictures by the Old Masters, about which d.i.c.kens had always something facetious to say to his friends. They ill.u.s.trate the schools of Venice, Florence, Rome, Netherlands, Spain, France, and England, and were formed mainly by purchases from the Orleans Gallery, and the Vetturi Gallery from Florence, and include t.i.tian"s "Rape of Europa," Rubens"s "Queen Tomyris dipping Cyrus"s head into blood,"
Salvator Rosa"s "Death of Regulus," Vandyck"s "Duke of Lennox," Sir Joshua Reynolds"s "The Call of Samuel," and others. But the pictures in which we are most interested are the portraits of literary, scientific, and other worthies--an excellent collection, including Shakespeare, John Locke, Hobbes, Sir Richard Steele, Sir William Temple, Dean Swift, Dryden, Betterton, Pope, Gay, Thomson, Sir Hugh Middleton, Martin Luther, and the ill-fated Lord George Gordon.
There is also an ornithological museum, with some very fine specimens of the order of grallatores (or waders). In reply to a letter of inquiry, the Earl of Darnley kindly informs us that the examples of ostrich (_Struthio camelus_), ca.s.sowary (_Casuarius galeatus_), and common emu (_Dromaius ater_), were once alive in the menagerie attached to the hall, which was broken up about fifty years ago.
We are shown the music-room (which, by the bye, his late majesty King George IV., is said to have remarked was the finest room in England), a very handsome apartment facing the west, with a large organ, and capable of containing several hundred persons. The decorations are very chaste, being in white and gold; and, as the brilliant sun was setting in the summer evening, a delicate rose-coloured hue was diffused over everything in the room through the medium of the tinted blinds attached to the windows. It had a most peculiar and pretty effect, strongly recalling Mrs. Skewton and her "rose-coloured curtains for doctors."
[Ill.u.s.tration: d.i.c.kens"s Chalet, now in Cobham Park.]
By the special permission of his lordship, we see the famous Swiss chalet, which is now erected in the terrace flower-garden at the back of Cobham Hall, having been removed to its present position some years ago from another part of the grounds. It stands on an elevated open s.p.a.ce surrounded by beautiful trees--the rare Salisburia, tulip, cedar, chestnut and others--and makes a handsome addition to the garden, irrespective of its historical a.s.sociations. The chalet is of dark wood varnished, and has in the centre a large carving of d.i.c.kens"s crest, which in heraldic terms is described as: "a lion couchant "or," holding in the gamb a cross patonce "sable.""
There are two rooms in the chalet, each about sixteen feet square, the one below having four windows and a door, and the one above (approached in the usual Swiss fashion by an external staircase), which is much the prettier, having six windows and a door. There are shutters outside, and the overhanging roof at first sight gives the building somewhat of a top-heavy appearance, but this impression wears off after a time, and it is found to be effective and well-proportioned. "The five mirrors" which d.i.c.kens placed in the chalet have been removed from the upper room, but they are scarcely necessary, the views of rich and varied foliage and flowers seen from the open windows, through which the balmy air pa.s.ses, forming a series of pictures in the bright sunlight of the August afternoon delightfully fresh and beautiful. We sit down quietly for a few minutes and enjoy the privilege; we ponder on the many happy and industrious hours spent by its late owner in this now cla.s.sic building; and we leave it sadly, with the recollection that here were penned the last lines which the "vanished hand" was destined to give to the world.
The Earl of Darnley generously allows his neighbours to have a key of his park, and d.i.c.kens had one of such keys, a privilege greatly appreciated by him and his friends. Recently his lordship has erected a staircase round one of the highest trees in the park, called the "crow"s nest," from whence a very pretty peep at the surrounding country is obtained.
During our visit we venture to ask the portly housekeeper if she remembers Charles d.i.c.kens? The ray of delight that illumines her good-natured countenance is simply magical.
"Oh," she says, "I liked Mr. d.i.c.kens very much. He was always so full of fun. Oh! oh! oh!" the recollection of which causes a fit of suppressed laughter, which "communicates a blancmange-like motion to her fat cheeks," and she adds: "He used to dine here, and was always very popular with the family, and in the neighbourhood."
We cannot help thinking that such delightful places as Cobham Hall were in d.i.c.kens"s mind when, in _Bleak House_ (_a propos_ of Chesney Wold), he makes the volatile Harold Skimpole say to Sir Leicester Dedlock--"The owners of such places are public benefactors. They are good enough to maintain a number of delightful objects for the admiration and pleasure of us poor men, and not to reap all the admiration and pleasure that they yield, is to be ungrateful to our benefactors."
Leaving the park by a pretty undulating walk, and pa.s.sing on our way a large herd of deer, their brown and fawn-coloured coats contrasting prettily with the green-sward, we come upon the picturesque village of Cobham, where Mr. Tupman sought consolation after his little affair with the amatory spinster aunt. Of course the princ.i.p.al object of interest is the Leather Bottle, or "d.i.c.kens"s old Pickwick Leather Bottle," as the sign of the present landlord now calls it, wherein d.i.c.kens slept a night in 1841, and visited it many times subsequently. There is a coloured portrait of the President of the Pickwick Club on the sign, as he appeared addressing the members. A fire occurred at the Leather Bottle a few years ago, but it was confined to a back portion of the building; unfortunately its restoration and so-called "improvements" have destroyed many of the picturesque features which characterized this quiet old inn when d.i.c.kens wrote the famous Papers. Here is his description of it after Mr. Pickwick, Mr. Snodgra.s.s, and Mr. Winkle had walked through Cobham Park to seek their lost friend:--
[Ill.u.s.tration: The "Leather Bottle" Cobham]
""If this," said Mr. Pickwick, looking about him; "if this were the place to which all who are troubled with our friend"s complaint came, I fancy their old attachment to this world would very soon return."
""I think so too," said Mr. Winkle.
""And really," added Mr. Pickwick, after half an hour"s walking had brought them to the village, "really for a misanthrope"s choice, this is one of the prettiest and most desirable places of residence I ever met with."
"In this opinion also, both Mr. Winkle and Mr.
Snodgra.s.s expressed their concurrence; and having been directed to the Leather Bottle, a clean and commodious village ale-house, the three travellers entered, and at once inquired for a gentleman of the name of Tupman.
""Show the gentlemen into the parlour, Tom," said the landlady.
"A stout country lad opened a door at the end of the pa.s.sage, and the three friends entered a long, low-roofed room, furnished with a large number of high-backed leather-cushioned chairs, of fantastic shapes, and embellished with a great variety of old portraits, and roughly-coloured prints of some antiquity. At the upper end of the room was a table, with a white cloth upon it, well covered with a roast fowl, bacon, ale, and etceteras; and at the table sat Mr. Tupman, looking as unlike a man who had taken his leave of the world, as possible.
"On the entrance of his friends, that gentleman laid down his knife and fork, and with a mournful air advanced to meet them.
""I did not expect to see you here," he said, as he grasped Mr. Pickwick"s hand. "It"s very kind."
""Ah!" said Mr. Pickwick, sitting down, and wiping from his forehead the perspiration which the walk had engendered. "Finish your dinner, and walk out with me. I wish to speak to you alone."
"Mr. Tupman did as he was desired; and Mr.
Pickwick having refreshed himself with a copious draught of ale, waited his friend"s leisure. The dinner was quickly despatched, and they walked out together.