"These kind people gave us their places," said Max rather doubtfully. "I wish you would explain that we didn"t want to take them." but they always do that," said he. "In fact, they enjoy going to the back of the queue. It is a great occupation standing in a queue, you know. They like to make it as long as possible. They are always very polite to strangers."
They were indeed. They nodded and waved at us as we left for the train. The platform was erowded; we discovered later, however, that practically n.o.body was going by train except ourselves. They had just come to see the fun and enjoy their afternoon there. We finally got into our carriage. The Intourist man said goodbye to us and a.s.sured us that we would be met at Batum in three days" time, and that everything would go well.
"You have not a teapot with you, I see," he said. "But one of the women will doubtless lend you one."
I discovered what this meant when the train made its first stop after about two hours" run. Then an old woman in our compartment patted me violently on the shoulder, showed me her teapot, and explained, with the help of a boy in the corner who spoke German, that the thing to do was to put a pinch of tea in your teapot and take it along to the engine where the driver would supply hot water. We had cups with us, and the woman a.s.sured us she would do the rest. She returned with two steaming cups of tea, and we unpacked our provisions. We offered some to our new friends and our journey was well on its way.
Our food held out moderately wellthat is to say we got through the ducks, fortunately before they went bad, and ate some bread which grew staler and staler. We had hoped to be able to buy bread on the way, but that did not seem to be possible. We had, of course, got down to the caviare as soon as possible. Our last day brought semi-starvation because we had nothing left but the wing of a duck and two pots of pineapple marmalade. There is something rather sickly in eating a whole pot of pineapple marmalade neat, but it a.s.suaged the pangs of hunger.
We arrived at Batum at midnight, in pouring rain. We had, of course, no hotel booking. We pa.s.sed out of the station into the night with our baggage. No signs of anyone from Intourist to meet us. There was a droshky waiting, a dilapidated horse-cab rather like an old-fashioned Victoria. Obliging as always, the driver helped us to get in, and piled our baggage over and upon us. We then said we wanted a hotel. He nodded encouragingly, cracked his whip, and we set off at a ramshackle trot through the wet streets.
Soon we came to a hotel, and the driver made signs for us to go in first. We soon saw why. As soon as we got inside we were told there were no rooms. We asked where else we should go, but the man merely shook his head uncomprehendingly. We went out and the driver started off once more. We went to about seven hotels; every one was full up.
At the eighth Max said we would have to take sterner measures, we had got got to find somewhere to sleep. On arrival we plonked ourselves down on the plush couch in the hall, and looked half-wittedly uncomprehending when we were told that there was no room. In the end, the receptionists and clerks threw up their hands and looked at us in despair. We continued to look uncomprehending, and to say at intervals in such languages as we thought might possibly be understood that we wanted a room for the night. Finally they left us. The driver came in, put our bags down by us, and went off, waving a cheerful farewell. to find somewhere to sleep. On arrival we plonked ourselves down on the plush couch in the hall, and looked half-wittedly uncomprehending when we were told that there was no room. In the end, the receptionists and clerks threw up their hands and looked at us in despair. We continued to look uncomprehending, and to say at intervals in such languages as we thought might possibly be understood that we wanted a room for the night. Finally they left us. The driver came in, put our bags down by us, and went off, waving a cheerful farewell.
"Don"t you think we have rather burnt our boats now?" I asked dole-fully.
"It"s the only hope," said Max. "Once we haven"t got any transport to take us away, and our luggage is here, I think they will do something about us."
Twenty minutes pa.s.sed, and suddenly an angel of succour arrived in the form of a vast man over six foot high, with a terrific black moustache, wearing riding boots and looking exactly like a figure out of a Russian ballet. I gazed at him in admiration. He smiled at us, patted us on the shoulder in a friendly fashion, and beckoned us to follow him. He went up two flights of stairs to the top floor, then pushed up a trapdoor in the roof and hung a ladder to it. It seemed unconventional, but there was nothing for it; Max pulled me up after him, and we came out upon the roof. Still beckoning and smiling, our host led us across the roof on to the roof of the next house, and finally down through another trapdoor. We were shown into a large attic room, quite nicely furnished, with two beds in it. He patted the beds, pointed to us, disappeared, and shortly afterwards our luggage arrived. Luckily we had not much luggage with us by this time; it had been taken from us at Baku and we had been told by the Intourist man that we should find it waiting at Batum. We hoped that that would happen next day, in the meantime the only thing we wanted was bed and sleep.
Next morning we wanted to find our way to the French boat which was sailing that day to Stamboul, and on which we had tickets booked. Though we tried to explain this to our host, he did not understand, and there appeared to be n.o.body there who did. We went out and searched the streets ourselves. I never realised before how difficult it was to find the sea if you can get no view from any kind of hill. We walked one way, then another, then a third at intervals asking for things like "boat" in as many languages as we knew"harbour", "quay": n.o.body understood French or German or English. In the end we managed to find our way back to the hotel.
Max drew a picture of a boat on a piece of paper, and our host expressed immediate comprehension. He took us up to a sitting-room on the first floor, sat us down on a sofa, and explained in dumb show that we were to wait there. At the end of half an hour he reappeared with a very old man in a peaked blue cap who spoke to us in French. This ancient had apparently been a porter in a hotel in former days and still dealt with visitors. He expressed immediate readiness to lead us to our boat, and to carry our luggage there.
First of all we had to reclaim the luggage which should have arrived from Baku. The old man took us straight to what was clearly a prison, and we were led into a heavily barred cell with our luggage, sitting demurely in the middle of it. The old man collected it, and led us off to the harbour. He grumbled the whole way, and we became rather nervous, as the last thing we wished to do was to criticise the government in a country where we had no consul to get us out of a mess.
We tried to hush the old man down, but it was no good. "Ah, things are not what they used to be," he said. "Why, what do you think? Do you see this coat I have now? It is a good coat, yes, but does it belong to me?
No, it belongs to the government. In the old days I had not one coatI had four coats. Perhaps they were not as good as this coat, but they were my my coats. Four coatsa winter coat, a summer coat, a rain-coat and a smart coat. Four coats I had!" coats. Four coatsa winter coat, a summer coat, a rain-coat and a smart coat. Four coats I had!"
Finally he lowered his voice slightly and said: "It is strictly forbidden to give any tips to the service here, so if you were were thinking of giving me anything it would be as well to do it while we walk down this little street here." Such a plain hint could not be ignored, and as his services had been invaluable we hastily parted with a generous sum of money to him. He expressed approbation, grumbled about the government some more, and finally gestured proudly to the docks, where a smart Messageries Maritimes boat was waiting by the quay. thinking of giving me anything it would be as well to do it while we walk down this little street here." Such a plain hint could not be ignored, and as his services had been invaluable we hastily parted with a generous sum of money to him. He expressed approbation, grumbled about the government some more, and finally gestured proudly to the docks, where a smart Messageries Maritimes boat was waiting by the quay.
We had a lovely trip down the Black Sea, The thing I remember best was putting in to the port of Inebolu, where they took on board eight or ten darling little brown bears. They were going, I heard, to a zoo at Ma.r.s.eilles, and I felt sad about them: they were so completely teddy-bearish. Still they might have had a worse fateshot perhaps, and stuffed, or something equally disagreeable. As it was they had at least a pleasant voyage on the Black Sea. It makes me laugh still to remember a rugged French sailor solemnly feeding one little bear after another with milk from a feeding bottle.
IV
The next thing of importance that happened in our lives was my being taken to visit Dr and Mrs Campbell-Thompson for the week-end, so that I could be vetted before being allowed to go to Nineveh. Max was now practically fixed up to go and dig with them the following autumn and winter. The Woolleys were not pleased at his leaving Ur, but he was determined on the change.
C. T., as he was usually known, had certain tests which he applied to people. One of them was the cross-country scramble. When he had anyone like me staying, he would take them out on the wettest day possible over rough country, and notice what kind of shoes they wore, whether they were tireless, whether they were agreeable to burrowing through hedges, and forcing their way through woods. I was able to pa.s.s that test successfully, having done so much walking and exploring on Dartmoor. Rough country held no terrors for me. But I was glad it was not entirely over ploughed fields, which I think are are very tiring. very tiring.
The next test was to find if I was fussy about eating. C. T. soon discovered that I could eat anything, and that again pleased him. He also was fond of reading my detective stories, which prejudiced him in my favour. Having decided, presumably, that I would fit in well enough at Nineveh, things were fixed up. Max was to go there late in September, and I was to join him at the end of October.
My plan was to spend a few weeks writing and relaxing in Rhodes and then to sail to the port of Alexandretta, where I knew the British Consul. There I would hire a car to drive me to Aleppo. At Aleppo I would take the train to Nisibin on the TurkishIraqi frontier, and there would then be an eight-hour drive to Mosul.
It was a good plan, and agreed with Max, who would meet me at Mosulbut arrangements in the Middle East seldom run true to plan. The sea can be very rough in the Mediterranean, and after we had put in at Mersin, the waves were rising high and I was lying groaning in my bunk. The Italian steward was full of compa.s.sion, and much upset by the fact that I no longer wished to eat anything. At intervals he would put his head in and tempt me with something on the current day"s menu. "I bring you lovely spaghetti. Very good, very nice rich tomato sauceyou like it very much." "Oh," I groaned, the mere thought of hot greasy spaghetti with tomato sauce practically finishing me. He would return later. "I have something you like now. Vine leaves in olive oilrolled up in olive oil with rice. Very good." More groans from me. He did once bring me a bowl of soup, but the inch of grease on the top of it made me turn green once more.
As we were approaching Alexandretta I managed to get myself on my feet, dressed, packed, and then staggered out uncertainly on deck to revive myself with fresh air. As I stood there, feeling rather better in the cold sharp wind, I was told I was wanted in the Captain"s cabin. He broke the news to me that the steamer would not be able to put in to Alexandretta. "It is too rough," he said. "It is not easy there, you see, to land." This was serious indeed. It seemed that I could not even communicate with the Consul.
"What shall I do?" I asked.
The Captain shrugged his shoulders. "You will have to go on to Beirut. There is nothing else for it."
I was dismayed. Beirut was entirely in the wrong direction. However, it had to be endured.
"We do not charge you any more," the Captain said, encouragingly. "Since we are unable to land you there, we take you on to the next port."
The sea had abated somewhat by the time we got to Beirut, but it was still rough. I was decanted into an excessively slow train which carried me to Aleppo. It took, as far as I can remember, all day and moresixteen hours at least. There was no kind of lavatory on the train, and when you stopped at a station you never knew if there was a lavatory there or not. I had to endure the entire sixteen hours, but I was fortunately gifted in that direction.
Next day I took the Orient Express on to Tel Kochek, which was at that time the terminus of the Berlin-Baghdad railway. At Tel Kochek there was more bad luck. They had had such bad weather that the track to Mosul was washed away in two places, and the wadis wadis were up. I had to spend two days at the rest-housea primitive place, with absolutely nothing to do there. I wandered round a barbed-wire entanglement, walked a short distance into the desert, and the same distance back again. Meals were the same every time: fried eggs and tough chicken. I read the only book I had left; after that, I was reduced to thinking! were up. I had to spend two days at the rest-housea primitive place, with absolutely nothing to do there. I wandered round a barbed-wire entanglement, walked a short distance into the desert, and the same distance back again. Meals were the same every time: fried eggs and tough chicken. I read the only book I had left; after that, I was reduced to thinking!
At last I arrived at the rest-house in Mosul. Word seemed mysteriously to have reached there, for Max was standing on the steps to greet me.
"Weren"t you terribly worried," I asked, "when I didn"t arrive three days ago?"
"Oh no, said Max, "It often happens."
We drove off to the house that the Campbell-Thompsons had taken, near the big mound of Nineveh. It was a mile and a half out of Mosul, and altogether charmingone that I shall always think of with love and affection. It had a flat roof with a square tower room on one side of it, and a handsome marble porch. Max and I had the upstairs room. It was spa.r.s.ely furnished, mainly with orange boxes, and had two camp-beds. All round the little house was a ma.s.s of rose bushes. They had lots of pink rose-buds on them when we arrived. Tomorrow morning, I thought, the roses will be fully out; how lovely they will look. But no, next morning they were rose-buds still. This phenomenon of nature I could not understanda rose is surely not a night-blooming cereusbut the truth was that these were grown for making ottar of roses and men came at four o"clock in the morning to pick them as they opened. By daybreak, the next crop of buds was all that remained.
Max"s work involved being able to ride a horse. I doubt much if he had often ridden at that time, but he insisted he could and before coming out had attended a riding-stable in London. He would have been more apprehensive if he had realised that C.T."s pa.s.sion in life was economyalthough in many ways a most generous man he paid his workmen the lowest wage possible. One of his economies was never to pay much for a horse, therefore any beast that he purchased was likely to have some unpleasant personal characteristic that remained hidden until its owner had managed to clinch the sale. It usually reared, bucked, shied, or did some trick or other. This one was no exception, and having to ride up a slippery, muddy path to the top of the mound every morning was somewhat of an ordeal, especially as Max did it with an appearance of the utmost insouciance. All went well, however, and he never never fell off. That, indeed, would have been the supreme disgrace. fell off. That, indeed, would have been the supreme disgrace.
"Remember," C.T. said to him, before leaving England, "that to fall off your horse means that not a single workman will have a sc.r.a.p of respect for you."
The ritual started at 5 a.m. C.T. would mount to the roof, Max would join him, and, after consultation, would signal with a lamp to the night-watchman on top of the mound of Nineveh. This message conveyed whether the weather was such that work could proceed. Since it was now autumn and the rainy season, this was a matter of some anxiety; a great many of the workmen had to come from two or three miles away, and they looked for the beacon light on the mound to know whether to start from home or not. In due course Max and C.T. departed on their horses to ride up to the top of the mound.
Barbara Campbell-Thompson and I would walk up to the mound at about 8 a.m. where we had breakfast together: hard-boiled eggs, tea and native bread. In those October days it was very pleasant, though in another month it was chilly and we were then well wrapped up. The country round was lovely: the hills and mountains in the distance, the frowning Jebel Maqlub, sometimes the Kurdish mountains with snow on them. Looking the other way, you saw the river Tigris and the city of Mosul with its minarets. We would return to the house, and later would go up for a picnic lunch again.
I had one battle with C.T. He gave in to me with courtesy, but I think I went down in his estimation. All I wanted was to buy myself a table in the bazaar. I could keep my clothes in orange-boxes, I used orange-boxes to sit on, and I kept an orange-box by my bed, but what I had had to have, if I was going to do my own work, was a solid table at which I could type-write, and under which I could get my knees. There was no question of C.T. paying for the tableI was going to buy it.i.t was just that he looked down on me for being willing to spend money on something not absolutely necessary. But I insisted that it to have, if I was going to do my own work, was a solid table at which I could type-write, and under which I could get my knees. There was no question of C.T. paying for the tableI was going to buy it.i.t was just that he looked down on me for being willing to spend money on something not absolutely necessary. But I insisted that it was was absolutely necessary. absolutely necessary.
Writing books, I pointed out, was my work, and I had to have certain tools for it: a typewriter, a pencil, and a table at which I could sit. So C.T. gave way, but he was sad about it. I insisted also on having a solid solid table, not a mere affair of four legs and a top that rocked when you touched it, so the table cost 10an unheard-of sum. I think it took him quite a fortnight to forgive me for this luxurious extravagance. However, once I had my table, I was very happy, and C.T. used to inquire kindly after the progress of my work. The book in question was table, not a mere affair of four legs and a top that rocked when you touched it, so the table cost 10an unheard-of sum. I think it took him quite a fortnight to forgive me for this luxurious extravagance. However, once I had my table, I was very happy, and C.T. used to inquire kindly after the progress of my work. The book in question was Lord Edgware Dies, Lord Edgware Dies, and a skeleton which came to light in a grave on the mound was promptly christened Lord Edgware. and a skeleton which came to light in a grave on the mound was promptly christened Lord Edgware.
The point of coming to Nineveh, for Max, was to dig down a deep pit through the mound of Nineveh. C.T. was not nearly so enthusiastic, but they had agreed beforehand that Max should have a shot at this. In archaeology, pre-history had suddenly become the fashion. Nearly all excavations up to then had been of an historical nature, but now everyone was pa.s.sionately interested in pre-historic civilisation, about which as yet so little was known.
They examined small, obscure mounds all over the country, picked up fragments of painted pottery wherever they went, labelling them, tying them up in bags, and examining the patternsit was endlessly interesting. Although it was so oldit was new! new!
Since writing had not been invented when this pottery was made, the dating of it was exceptionally difficult. It was hard to tell whether one type of pottery preceded or followed another. Woolley, at Ur, had dug down to the Flood levels and below, and the exciting painted pottery of Tell "Ubaid was causing enormous speculation. Max was bitten with the bug as badly as anyoneand indeed the results of our deep pit in Nineveh were were very exciting, because it soon became apparent that the enormous mound, ninety feet high, was three-quarters pre-historic, which had never been suspected before. Only the top levels were a.s.syrian. very exciting, because it soon became apparent that the enormous mound, ninety feet high, was three-quarters pre-historic, which had never been suspected before. Only the top levels were a.s.syrian.
The deep pit became rather frightening after a while, because they had to dig down ninety feet to virgin soil. It was just completed by the end of the season. C.T., who was a brave man, always made a point of going down himself with the workmen once a day. He hadn"t a good head for heights, and it was agony to him. Max, had no trouble about heights, and was quite happy going up and down. The workmen like all Arabs were oblivious to any kind of vertigo. They rushed up and down the narrow spiral causeway, wet and slippery in the morning; throwing baskets to each other, carrying up the dirt, making playful pushes and pa.s.ses at each other about an inch from the edge.
"Oh, my G.o.d!" C.T. used to groan, and clasped his hands to his head, unable to look down at them. "Someone will be killed soon." But n.o.body was killed. They were as surefooted as mules.
On one of our rest days we decided to hire a car and go to find the great mound of Nimrud, which had last been dug by Layard, getting on for a hundred years before. Max had some difficulty in getting there, for the roads were very bad. Most of the way had to be across country, and the wadis wadis and irrigation ditches were often impa.s.sable. But in the end we arrived and picnicked thereand oh, what a beautiful spot it was then. The Tigris was just a mile away, and on the great mound of the Acropolis, big stone a.s.syrian heads poked out of the soil. In one place there was the enormous wing of a great genie. It was a spectacular stretch of countrypeaceful, romantic, and impregnated with the past. and irrigation ditches were often impa.s.sable. But in the end we arrived and picnicked thereand oh, what a beautiful spot it was then. The Tigris was just a mile away, and on the great mound of the Acropolis, big stone a.s.syrian heads poked out of the soil. In one place there was the enormous wing of a great genie. It was a spectacular stretch of countrypeaceful, romantic, and impregnated with the past.
I remember Max saying, "This is where I would like to dig, but it would have to be on a very big scale. One would have to raise a lot of money but if I could, this is the mound I would choose, out of all the world." He sighed: "Oh well, I don"t suppose it will ever happen."
Max"s book lies before me now: Nimrud and its Remains. How Nimrud and its Remains. How glad I am that the wish of his heart has been fulfilled. Nimrud has woken from its hundred years sleep. Layard began the work, my husband finished it. glad I am that the wish of his heart has been fulfilled. Nimrud has woken from its hundred years sleep. Layard began the work, my husband finished it.
He discovered its further secrets: the great Fort Shalmaneser out at the boundary of the town; the other palaces on other parts of the mound. The story of Calah, the military capital of a.s.syria, has been laid bare. Historically, Nimrud is now known for what it was, and, in addition to this, some of the most beautiful objects ever made by craftsmenor artists, as I would rather call themhave been brought to the museums of the world. Delicate, exquisitely fashioned ivories: they are such beautiful things.
I had my part in cleaning many of them. I had my own favourite tools, just as any professional would: an orange stick, possibly a very fine knitting needleone season a dentist"s tool, which he lent, or rather gave meand a jar of cosmetic face-cream, which I found more useful than anything else for gently coaxing the dirt out of the crevices without harming the friable ivory. In fact there was such a run on my face cream that there was nothing left for my poor old face after a couple of weeks!
How thrilling it was; the patience, the care that was needed; the delicacy of touch. And the most exciting day of allone of the most exciting days of my lifewhen the workmen came rushing into the house from their work clearing out an a.s.syrian well, and cried: "We have found a woman in the well! There is a woman in the well!" And they brought in, on a piece of sacking, a great ma.s.s of mud.
I had the pleasure of gently washing the mud off in a large wash-basin. Little by little the head emerged, preserved by the sludge for about 2,500 years. There it wasthe biggest ivory head ever found: a soft, pale brownish colour, the hair black, the faintly coloured lips with the enigmatic smile of one of the maidens of the Akropolis. The Lady of the Wellthe Mona Lisa, as the Iraqi Director of Antiquities insisted on calling hershe has her place now in the new museum at Baghdad: one of the most exciting things ever to be found.
There were many other ivories, some perhaps of even greater beauty than the head, if not so spectacular. The plaques of cows with turned heads suckling their calves; ivory ladies at the window, looking out, no doubt like Jezebel the wicked; two wonderful plaques of a negro being killed by a lioness. He lies there, in a golden loin-cloth, gold points in his hair, and his head lifted in what seems like ecstasy as the lioness stands over him for the kill. Behind them is the foliage of the garden: lapis, carnelian and gold form the flowers and foliage. How fortunate that two of these were found. One is now in the British Museum, the other in Baghdad.
One does feel proud to belong to the human race when one sees the wonderful things human beings have fashioned with their hands. They have been creatorsthey must share a little the holiness of the Creator, who made the world and all that was in it, and saw that it was good. But he left more to be made. He left the things to be fashioned by men"s hands. He left them them to fashion them, to follow in his footsteps because they were made in his image, to see what they made, and see that it was good. to fashion them, to follow in his footsteps because they were made in his image, to see what they made, and see that it was good.
The pride of creation is an extraordinary thing. Even the carpenter who once fashioned a particularly hideous towel-rail of wood for one of our expedition houses had the creative spirit. When asked why why he had put such enormous feet on it against orders, he said reproachfully: "I he had put such enormous feet on it against orders, he said reproachfully: "I had had to make it that way because it was so beautiful like that!" Well, it seemed hideous to us, but it was beautiful to him, and he made it in the spirit of creation, to make it that way because it was so beautiful like that!" Well, it seemed hideous to us, but it was beautiful to him, and he made it in the spirit of creation, because because it was beautiful. it was beautiful.
Men can be evilmore evil than their animal brothers can ever bebut they can also rise to the heavens in the ecstasy of creation. The cathedrals of England stand as monuments to man"s worship of what is above himself. I like that Tudor roseit is, I think, on one of the capitals of King"s College Chapel, Cambridgewhere the stone-carver, against orders, put the Madonna"s face in the centre of it, because, he thought the Tudor Kings were being worshipped too much, and that the Creator, the G.o.d for whom this place of worship was built, was not honoured enough.
This was to be Dr Campbell-Thompson"s final season. He was, of course, mainly an epigraphist himself, and to him the written word, the historical record, was far more interesting than the archaeological side of digging. Like all epigraphists, he was always hoping to find a h.o.a.rd of tablets.
There had been so much excavation done on Nineveh, that it was difficult to make sense of all the buildings. For Max, the palace buildings were not particularly interesting: it was his deep pit in the pre-historic period that really interested him, because so little was known about it.
He had already formed the plan, which I found a very exciting one, of digging a small mound on his own in this part of the world. It would have to be small, since it would be difficult to raise much money, but he thought it could be done, and that it was enormously important that it should should be done. So he had a special interest, as time went on, in the progress of the deep pit down towards virgin soil. By the time it was reached the base was a tiny patch of ground, only a few yards across. There had been a few sherdsnot many, owing to the small s.p.a.ceand they were of a different period to those found higher up. From then on Nineveh was re-labelled from the bottom upwards: Ninevite 1, next to virgin soil, then Ninevite 2, Ninevite 3, Ninevite 4, and Ninevite 5. Ninevite 5 in which period the pottery was turned on a wheel, had beautiful pots with both painted and incised patterns. Vessels like chalices were particularly characteristic of it, and the decorations and paintings were vigorous and charming. Yet the pottery itselfthe texturewas of not nearly so fine a quality as that made possibly several thousand years earlier: the beautiful apricot-coloured delicate ware, almost like Greek pottery to handle, with its smooth glazed surface and its mainly geometric decorations, in particular a pattern of dots. It was, Max said, like the pottery found at Tell Halaf in Syria, but that had always been thought to be much later, and in any case this was of finer quality. be done. So he had a special interest, as time went on, in the progress of the deep pit down towards virgin soil. By the time it was reached the base was a tiny patch of ground, only a few yards across. There had been a few sherdsnot many, owing to the small s.p.a.ceand they were of a different period to those found higher up. From then on Nineveh was re-labelled from the bottom upwards: Ninevite 1, next to virgin soil, then Ninevite 2, Ninevite 3, Ninevite 4, and Ninevite 5. Ninevite 5 in which period the pottery was turned on a wheel, had beautiful pots with both painted and incised patterns. Vessels like chalices were particularly characteristic of it, and the decorations and paintings were vigorous and charming. Yet the pottery itselfthe texturewas of not nearly so fine a quality as that made possibly several thousand years earlier: the beautiful apricot-coloured delicate ware, almost like Greek pottery to handle, with its smooth glazed surface and its mainly geometric decorations, in particular a pattern of dots. It was, Max said, like the pottery found at Tell Halaf in Syria, but that had always been thought to be much later, and in any case this was of finer quality.
He got the workmen to bring him various bits of pottery from villages where they lived all within a radius of one to eight miles. On some mounds the pottery was mostly of late Ninevite 5 quality, and in addition to the painted variety there was another very beautiful type of incised pot, delicately worked. Then there was red ware, of an earlier period and grey ware, both plain and not painted.
Evidently one or two of the small pimples which covered the country all the way up to the mountains, had been abandoned early, before there was any question of pottery being made on the wheel: and this fine early pottery was hand-made. There was in particular a very small mound called Arpachiyahit was only about four miles east of the great circle of Nineveh. On this little pimple there was hardly any trace of anything later than the fine painted sherds of Ninevite 2. Apparently that was its last main period of occupation.
Max was attracted by it. I egged him on, because I thought the pottery so beautiful that it would be tremendously exciting to find out something about it. It would be a gamble, said Max. It must be a very small village indeed and could hardly have been an important one, so it was doubtful what you would find. But still, the people who made that pottery must have lived there. Their occupation was perhaps primitive, but the pottery was not: it was of the finest quality. They could not have made it for the great city of Nineveh, nearby, like some local Swansea or Wedgwood, for Nineveh did not exist when they were moulding their clay. It would not exist for several thousand years to come. So what did did they make it for? Sheer love of making something so beautiful? they make it for? Sheer love of making something so beautiful?
Naturally, C.T. thought Max was mistaken in attaching so much importance to the pre-historic days, and to all this "modern fuss" about pottery. Historical records, he said, were the only things that mattered; man telling his own story, not in spoken words but in written ones. They were both right in a sense: C.T. because historical records were indeed uniquely revealing, and Max because to find out something new about the history of man one must use what he himself can tell you, in this case by what he made with his hands. And I was right too to notice that the pottery in this tiny hamlet was beautiful, and to mind about that. And I think I was right to be continually asking myself "Why?" all the time, because to people like me, asking why is what makes life interesting.
I enjoyed my first experience of living on a dig enormously. I had liked Mosul; I had become deeply attached to both C.T. and Barbara; I had completed the final demise of Lord Edgware, and had tracked down his murderer successfully. On a visit to C.T. and his wife I had read them the whole ma.n.u.script aloud, and they had been very appreciative. I think they were the only people to whom I ever did read a ma.n.u.scriptexcept, that is, my own family.
I could only half believe it, when, in February of the following year, Max and I were once again in Mosul, staying this time at the guest-house. Negotiations were under way for digging at our pimple of a mound, Arpachiyah; little Arpachiyah, that n.o.body as yet cared or knew about, but which was to become a name known throughout the archaeological world. Max had persuaded John Rose, who had been architect at Ur, to work with us. He was a friend of us both: a beautiful draughtsman, with a quiet way of talking, and a gentle humour that I found irresistible. John was undecided at first whether or not to join us: he did not want to return to Ur, certainly, but was doubtful whether to continue with archaeological work or return to the practice of architecture. However, as Max pointed out to him, it would not be a long expeditiontwo months at the mostand there probably wouldn"t be much to do.
"In fact," he said persuasively, "you can consider it a holiday. Lovely time of year, lovely flowers, good climatenot dust-storms like at Urmountains and hills. You"ll enjoy it enormously. An absolute rest for you." John was convinced.
"It"s a gamble, of course," said Max. It was an anxious time for him, because he was at the start of his career. He had taken upon himself to make this choice, and would stand or fall by its result.
Everything started unpropitiously. To begin with, the weather was awful. The rain poured down; it was almost impossible to go anywhere by car; and it proved incredibly difficult to find out who owned the land on which we proposed to dig. Questions of land-ownership in the Middle East are always fraught with difficulty. If far enough away from cities, the land is under the jurisdiction of a sheikh, and you make your arrangements, financial and otherwise, with him; with some backing from the Government to lend you authority. All land scheduled as a tell tellthat is to say, which was occupied in antiquityis the property of the Government, not the property of the land-owner. But I doubt if Arpachiyah, being such a small pimple on the surface of the ground, would have been so labelled, so we had to get in touch with the land owner.
It seemed simple. A vast cheerful man came along, and a.s.sured us he was the owner. But the next day we heard that he was notthat a second cousin of his wife"s was the actual owner. The day after that we heard that the land was not in fact the property of the second cousin of the wife, and that several other people were involved. On the third day of incessant rain, when everyone had behaved in an extremely difficult manner, Max threw himself down on the bed with a great groan. "What do you think?" he said. "There are nineteen owners. nineteen owners."
"Nineteen owners of that tiny bit of land?" I said incredulously. "So it seems."
We got the whole tangle undone in the end. The real owner was foundshe was a second cousin of somebody"s aunt"s husband"s cousin"s aunt, who, being quite incapable of doing any business on her own, had to be represented by her husband and several other relatives. With the help of the Muta.s.sarif of Mosul, the Department of Antiquities in Baghdad; the British Consul, and a few other a.s.sistants, the whole thing was settled, and a contract of extreme severity drawn up. Terrible penalties were to be exacted on either side if anyone failed to keep to their agreement. What pleased the land-owner"s husband most was the insertion of a clause which stated that, if in any way our work of excavation was interfered with, or the contract was voided, he would have to pay 1000 down. He immediately went away and boasted of this to all his friends.
"It is a matter of such importance," he said proudly, "that unless I give all the a.s.sistance in my power, and keep all the promises I have made on my wife"s behalf, I shall lose 1000."
Everybody was enormously impressed.
"1000," they said. "It is possible he will lose 1000! have you heard that? They can extract from him 1000 if anything goes wrong!"
I should say that if any penalty of a financial nature had had been demanded from the good man, about ten dinars would have been all that he could have produced. been demanded from the good man, about ten dinars would have been all that he could have produced.
We rented a small house which was much like the one we had had with the C.T."s. It was a little further from Mosul and nearer to Nineveh, but it had the same flat roof and a marble verandah, with Mosul marble windows of a slightly ecclesiastical nature, and marble sills on which pottery could be laid out. We had a cook and a house-boy; a large fierce dog to bark at the other dogs in the neighbourhood and anyone who approached the houseand in due course six puppies which belonged to the dog. We also had a small lorry and an Irishman called Gallagher as a driver. He had stayed behind here after the 1914 war, and had never taken himself home again.
He was an extraordinary person, was Gallagher. He told us wonderful tales sometimes. He had a saga about his discovery of a sturgeon on the sh.o.r.es of the Caspian, and how he and a friend had managed to bring it, packed with ice, across the mountains and down into Iran to sell it for a large price. It was like listening to the Odyssey Odyssey or the or the Aenead, Aenead, with innumerable adventures that happened on the way. with innumerable adventures that happened on the way.
He gave us such useful information as the exact price of a man"s life. "Iraq is better than Iran," he said. "In Iran it costs you 7, cash down, to kill a man. In Iraq only 3."
Gallagher had still remembrances of his wartime-service and he always drilled the dogs in the most military fashion. The six puppies had their names called out one at a time, and came up to the cook-house in order. Swiss Miss was Max"s favourite, and she was always called first. All the puppies were excessively ugly, but they had the charm that puppies have all the world over. They used to come along to the verandah after tea and we used to de-tick them with great attention. They were always just as full of ticks the next day, but we did our best for them.
Gallagher also turned out to be an omnivorous reader. I used to have parcels of books sent out by my sister, every weekand I pa.s.sed them on to him in due course. He read quickly, and seemed to have no preference whatsoever as to what what he read: biographies, fiction, love stories, thrillers, scientific works, almost anything. He was like a starving man who would say that any kind of food is the same: you don"t mind what it is, you just want he read: biographies, fiction, love stories, thrillers, scientific works, almost anything. He was like a starving man who would say that any kind of food is the same: you don"t mind what it is, you just want food. food. He wanted food for his mind. He wanted food for his mind.
He once told us about his "Uncle Fred", "A crocodile got him in Burma," he said sadly. "I didn"t know what to do about it really. However, we thought the best thing was to have the crocodile stuffed, so we did, and we got it sent home to his wife."
He spoke in a quiet matter-of-fact voice. At first I thought he was romancing, but finally I came to the conclusion that practically everything he told us was true. He was just the sort of man to whom extraordinary things happen.
It was an anxious time for us. As yet there was nothing to show whether Max"s gamble was going to pay off. We uncovered only buildings of a poor and decrepit naturenot even really mud-brick: pise walls, difficult to trace. There were charming sherds of pottery everywhere, and some lovely black obsidian knives with delicately knotched edges, but nothing as yet out of the ordinary in the way of finds.
John and Max bolstered each other up, murmuring that it was too soon to tell, and that before Dr Jordan, the German Director of Antiquities in Baghdad, arrived, we would at any rate get all our levels nicely measured up and labelled, so that the whole thing would show that digging had been done properly and scientifically.
And then, out of the blue, the great day came. Max rushed back to the house to fetch me from where I was busy, mending some of the pottery.
"A wonderful find," he said. "We"ve found a burnt potter"s shop. You must come back with me. It"s the most wonderful sight you have ever seen."
And it was indeed; a crowning piece of luck. The potter"s shop was all there, under the soil. It had been abandoned when burnt, and the burning had preserved it. There were glorious dishes, vases, cups and plates, polychrome pottery, all shining in the sunscarlet and black and orangea magnificent sight.
From then on, we were so frantically busy we didn"t know how to cope. Vessel after vessel came up. They were smashed by the fall of the roofbut they were there, and could nearly all be reconstructed. Some of them were slightly charred, but the walls had fallen on top of them and preserved them, and there for about six thousand years they had lain untouched. One enormous burnished dish, in a lovely deep red with a petalled rosette centre and beautiful designs all round it, very geometrical, was in 76 pieces. Every piece was there, and was rea.s.sembled, and it is now a wonderful sight to see in the museum where it lies. There was another bowl I loved, with an all-over pattern rather like a Union Jack; it was in deep, soft, tangerine.
I was bursting with happiness. So was Max, and so, in his quieter way, was John. But, oh, how we worked, from then on until the end of the season!
I had done some homework that autumn, trying to learn to draw to scale. I had gone to the local secondary school, and had instruction there from a charming little man, who could not believe that I knew as little as I did.
"You don"t seem to have even heard of a right-angle," he said to me, disapprovingly. I admitted that that was true. I hadn"t.
"It makes it hard to describe things," he said.