Holmes" "Chambered Nautilus," Longfellow"s "Sandalphon," and "Tom O"Connor"s Cat." Leon read, with admirable humor, some of Mr. Dooley"s best; and the Harvard man brought down the house with Kipling"s "Truce of the Bear."
There was some fine piano and banjo playing, and the singing of duets; and the Journalist rendered, in his exquisite tenor, Ben Jonson"s rare old love-song, "Drink to me only with thine eyes."
"Strange," commented the Antiquary (who in his miscellaneous mental storage had found room for some fine old Elizabethan plays), turning to Miss Hemmenshaw in the pause of the song, "Ben Jonson is dust these three hundred years, and still his verses come singing down the ages, keeping intact their own immortal flavor. The song-maker"s is, indeed, an art that "smells sweet, and blossoms in the dust." Well might they write him, "O rare Ben Jonson.""
"And how exquisitely," responded the lady, "is the air married to the words!" And now the Minister brought forward his Cremona. He was a finished violinist, with a touch that well-nigh amounted to genius. All praised his performance. At its close the Grumbler, in an aside to the Antiquary, thus delivered himself:--
"To _some_, G.o.d giveth common-sense; to _others_, to play the fiddle!"
From the entry audience the fiddler won rousing rounds of applause, and Dennis, the waiter, ventured on the subdued shuffle of an Irish jig.
This it was that suggested to the Koshare an impromptu dance, and thereupon the young people straightway took the floor. The Minister, kindly oblivious of his cloth, fiddled on; Miss Paulina called off the figures, and so, merrily, ended the first Koshare evening entertainment.
CHAPTER V
As it is not proposed to give this record of the doings of the "New Koshare" the circ.u.mstantiality of a diary, the chronicler may be allowed to include the ensuing teas, shooting-matches, and all the lighter kosharean festivities in the one general and final statement, that they each came off duly and successfully; and leaving their details "unhonored and unsung," proceed to a more extended account of the Sat.u.r.day evening entertainments,--as all members of the club were invited to contribute to these evenings, and it was expected that the Minister would, from the storehouse of his travelling experience, contribute liberally to their delectability; and that the Journalist (who naturally thought in paragraphs, and, like the fairy who "spoke pearls," conversed in exquisitely fashioned sentences) would supplement the papers of the Antiquary by his own brilliant talks.
And so it was that on the initial Sat.u.r.day evening, with a full attendance and great expectations, the Koshare found themselves convened, the president in the chair, the secretary with notebook in hand, and all in dignified attention.
The Antiquary--with this apt quotation from c.u.mming"s "Land of Poco Tiempo"--began his first lecture before the club.
""New Mexico,"" quoted he, ""is the anomaly of the Republic. It is a century older in European civilization than the rest, and several centuries older still in a happier semi-civilization of its own.
It had its little walled cities of stone before Columbus had grandparents-to-be; and it has them yet."
"There are," stated Mr. Morehouse, "three typical races in New Mexico.
The American interpolation does not count as a type.
"Of Pueblo Indians there are nine thousand, "peaceful, home-loving, and home-dwelling tillers of the soil." Then, here, and in Arizona, there are about twenty thousand Navajo Indians,--nomad, horse-loving, horse-stealing vagrants of the saddle, modern Centaurs. Then come the Apaches, an uncounted savage horde, whose partial civilization has been effected by sheer force of arms, and inch by inch: who accept the reservation with but half a heart, and break bounds at every opportunity. Last of all come the Mexicans, shrunken descendants of the Castilian world-finders; living almost as much against the house as in it; ignorant as slaves, and more courteous than kings; poor as Lazarus, and more hospitable than Croesus; and Catholics from A to izzard.
"The Navajos and Apaches," said Mr. Morehouse, "have neither houses nor towns; the Pueblos have nineteen compact little cities, and the Mexicans several hundred villages, a part of which are shared by the invader.
""The numerous sacred dances of the Pueblos," says c.u.mmings, "are by far the most picturesque sights in America, and the least viewed by Americans, who never found anything more striking abroad. The mythology of Greece and Rome is less than theirs in complicated comprehensiveness; and they are a far more interesting ethnological study than the tribes of inner Africa, and less known of by their white countrymen."
"The Pueblos of New Mexico," explained the Antiquary, "are by no means to be confounded with the Toltecs or Aztecs. It is, however, barely possible that in prehistoric ages the race in possession of Mexico may have had some tribal characteristics of the latter-day Pueblo. As of that remote time, there is not even a traditionary record; this supposition is absolutely conjectural.
"By investigation and comparison it has, however, been proved that the Pueblos have racial characteristics connecting them with some mysterious stage of human life even older than that of the more barbarous Toltecs or Aztecs.
"This race has from time immemorial had its book of Genesis. It is not, like that of the Hebrew, a written record, but has been orally handed down, and with careful precision, beginning with their original emergence, as half-formed human beings, from the dark of the mystic underworld of "Shipapu" to the world of light.
"After the fashion of most barbarous races, the Pueblo appears originally to have "pitched his moving tent" in various parts of Mexico; and it may be inferred that he endured many casualities before settling himself in life. It was to tide over this trying epoch in his existence that "Those Above," according to tradition, made for the tribes that quaint "Delight-Monger," with whom we have already made acquaintance, who led them in their wanderings from the womb of Shipapu to the solid centre of their world; but, as has been already stated, this record, going back to an indefinite period of time, and having only the dubious authority of folk-lore, is only of traditional value.
"The Pueblo, no less than the Aztec, is the most religious of human beings. His ceremonial, like that of the age of Montezuma, is wonderfully and minutely elaborated; and though originating in a civilization less splendid and refined, it is really less barbarous, since its rites have never, like those of the Aztec, included the horrors of human sacrifice and cannibalism.
"The Pueblo, since his exit from the womb of mother Earth, seems to have given his princ.i.p.al attention to the cultivation of its soil. All the same, he appears never to have shirked the less peaceful responsibilities of his tribe,--putting on his war-paint at the shortest notice, to settle the quarrels of his clan.
"Although like most men of savage birth and breeding, cruel in warfare, he seems never to have been abstractedly blood-thirsty, never to have killed, like his ever-belligerent neighbor, the Apache, purely for killing"s sake; but, his quarrel once ended, and the present security of his clan well achieved, he has contentedly returned to the peaceful ways of life; diligently sowing, weeding, and harvesting his crops of maize, melons, squashes, and beans, and--ever mindful of the propitiative requirements of "Those Above"--taking careful heed of his religious duties.
"For a succinct account of the Pueblo cave (or cliff) dwellers," said the Antiquary, "I am largely indebted to Bandelier, from whose valuable Pueblo researches I shall often take the liberty to quote.
"The imperfectly explored mountain range skirting the Rio Grande del Norte is picturesquely grand.
"Facing the river, the foundation of the chain is entirely volcanic.
"Colossal rocks form the abrupt walls of the gorges between these mountains, and are often so soft and friable that, in many places they were easily scooped out with the most primitive tools, or even detached with the fingers alone.
"In these gorges, through many of which run unfailing streams of water, often expanding to the proportions of regular valleys, the Pueblo Indian raised the modest crop that satisfied his vegetable craving.
"As it is easier to excavate dwellings than to pile up walls in the open air, the aboriginal Mexican"s house-building effort was mostly confined to underground construction. He was, in fact, a "cave-dweller," yet infinitely of more advanced architectural ideas than our own remote forbears of Anglo Saxon cave-dwelling times.
"Most of these residences might boast of from three to four rooms. They were arranged in groups, or cl.u.s.ters, and some of them were several stories high.
"Rude ladders were used for mounting to the terrace or roof of each successive story. The Pueblo had, literally, a hearthstone in his primitive home. His fireplace was supplied with a hearth of pumice-stone. A rudely built flue, made of cemented rubble, led to a circular opening in the front wall of his cave-dwelling. Air-holes admitted their scanty light to these dusky apartments, in which there were not only conveniences for bestowing wearing-apparel, but niches for ornamental pottery, precious stones, and the like Indian bric-a-brac.
The ground-floor entrance was a rude doorway closed by a hide, or mat.
Plaited mats of Yucca leaves, and deer-hide, by day rolled up in corners of the sleeping-apartments, served for mattresses at night. A thick coating of mud, washed with blood, and carefully smoothed, gave to the floor a glossy effect. Some of the rooms are known to have been in dimension ten feet by fourteen. Their walls were whitewashed with burnt gypsum.
"Though the time when these traditional cliff-dwellers wooed and wed, lived and died in the Rialto vale is long, long gone by, the ruins of their homes may still be seen. Some of them are tolerably intact; others are crumbled away to mere shapeless ruins.
"And now, having described their dwellings, let us note some of the most marked and interesting characteristics of the men and women who made in them their homes.
"We are apt," said the Antiquary, "to accord to our more enlightened civilization the origin of communism; yet, antedating by ages our latter-day socialistic fads, the communal idea enthused this unlettered people, and to a certain extent seems to have been successfully carried out.
"Let not the strong-minded Anglo-Saxon woman plume herself upon the discovery of the equality of the s.e.xes. While our own female suffragists were yet unborn, the Pueblo wife had been accorded the inalienable right to lord it over her mankind.
"Among the Mexican cliff-dwellers, "woman"s rights" seem to have been as indigenous to the soil as the pinon and the p.r.i.c.kly pear.
"In the primitive Pueblo domicile, the wife appears, by tribal consent, to have been absolutely "c.o.c.k of the walk." The husband had no rights as owner or proprietor of the family mansion, and, as an inmate, was scarcely more than tolerated.
"The wife, in those ever-to-be-regretted days, not only built and furnished the house,--contributed to the kitchen the soup pot, water jars, and other primitive domestic appliances,--but figured as sole proprietor of the entire establishment.
"The Pueblo woman, though married, still had, with her children, her holding in her own clan. In case of her death, the man"s home being properly with _his_ clan, he must return to it.
"The wife was not allowed to work in the fields. Each man tilled the plot allotted him by his clan. The crops, once housed, were controlled by the woman, as were the proceeds of communal hunts and fisheries.
"The Pueblos had their system of divorce. It goes without saying that it was not attended by the red-tape complications of our time. As the husband"s continuance under the family roof-tree depended absolutely on his acceptability to the wife, at any flagrant marital breach of good behavior she simply refused to recognize him as her lord. In vain he protested, stormed, and menaced; the outraged better half bade him _go_, and he _went_! Thus easily and informally were Pueblo marriages dissolved; and, this summary transaction once well concluded, each party had the right to contract a second marriage.
"The Pueblo Indian is historically known as a Catholic; that is to say, he told his beads, crossed his brow with holy water, and duly and devoutly knelt at the confessional. This done, he tacitly reserved to himself the privilege of surrept.i.tiously clinging to the Paganism of his forbears, and zealously paid his t.i.the of observances at the ancient shrine of "the Sun Father" and "the Moon Mother."
"Some of the Pueblo tribes are said still to retain the use of that ancient supplicating convenience, "the prayer-stick."
""Prayer-sticks, or plumes,"" explained the Antiquary, "are but painted sticks tufted with down, or feathers, and, by the simple-minded Indian, supposed especially to commend him to the good graces and kindly offices of "Those Above." In a certain way, the aboriginal prayer-stick seems to have been a subst.i.tute for an oral supplication.
"The Pueblo, pressed for time, might even forego the hindering ceremonial of verbal request, adoration, or thanksgiving, and hurriedly deposit, as a votive offering to his easily placated G.o.ds, this tufted bit of painted wood; and, furthermore, since prayer-sticks were not always within reach, it was permitted him in such emergencies to gather two twigs, and, placing these crosswise, hold them in position by a rock or stone. And this childish make-shift pa.s.sed with his indulgent G.o.ds for a prayer!
"The most trivial commonplace of existence had, with the superst.i.tious Pueblo, its religious significance; and it would seem to have been inc.u.mbent on him literally to "pray without ceasing." Hence the prayer-plume, or its subst.i.tute, was, with him, one of the necessities of life. Time would fail me to tell of the ancient elaborate religious rites and superst.i.tions of the Mexican Indian; to recount his latter-day ceremonials, wherein Pagan dances, races, and sports are like the jumble of a crazy quilt, promiscuously mixed in with Christian festas and holy saint-days; and indeed the subject is too large for my sketchy handling.
It may not, however, be amiss to notice the yearly celebration of the festival of San Estevan. It may be still witnessed, and seems to have been the original Harvest-home of the Mexican Indian, the observance of which has been handed down in various ways from all times, and among all peoples, and is probably the parent of our Thanksgiving holiday.