!Answer!: 41.17%.
23. In t.i.trating solutions of alkali carbonates in the presence of phenolphthalein, the color change takes place when the carbonate has been converted to bicarbonate. In the presence of methyl orange, the color change takes place only when the carbonate has been completely neutralized. From the following data, calculate the percentages of Na_{2}CO_{3} and NaOH in an impure mixture. Weight of sample, 1.500 grams; HCl (0.5 N) required for phenolphthalein end-point, 28.85 cc.; HCl (0.5 N) required to complete the t.i.tration after adding methyl orange, 23.85 cc.
!Answers!: 6.67% NaOH; 84.28% Na_{2}CO_{3}.
24. A sample of sodium carbonate containing sodium hydroxide weighs 1.179 grams. It is t.i.trated with 0.30 N hydrochloric acid, using phenolphthalein in cold solution as an indicator and becomes colorless after the addition of 48.16 cc. Methyl orange is added and 24.08 cc.
are needed for complete neutralization. What is the percentage of NaOH and Na_{2}CO_{3}?
!Answers!: 24.50% NaOH; 64.92% Na_{2}CO_{3}.
25. From the following data, calculate the percentages of Na_{2}CO_{3} and NaHCO_{3} in an impure mixture. Weight of sample 1.000 gram; volume of 0.25 N hydrochloric acid required for phenolphthalein end-point, 26.40 cc.; after adding an excess of acid and boiling out the carbon dioxide, the total volume of 0.25 N hydrochloric acid required for phenolphthalein end-point, 67.10 cc.
!Answer!: 69.95% Na_{2}CO_{3}; 30.02% NaHCO_{3}.
26. In the a.n.a.lysis of a one-gram sample of soda ash, what must be the normality of the acid in order that the number of cubic centimeters of acid used shall represent the percentage of carbon dioxide present?
!Answer!: 0.4544 gram.
27. What weight of pearl ash must be taken for a.n.a.lysis in order that the number of cubic centimeters of 0.5 N acid used may be equal to one third the percentage of K_{2}CO_{3}?
!Answer!: 1.152 grams.
28. What weight of cream of tartar must have been taken for a.n.a.lysis in order to have obtained 97.60% KHC_{4}H_{4}O_{6} in an a.n.a.lysis involving the following data: NaOH used = 30.06 cc.; H_{2}SO_{4} solution used = 0.50 cc.; 1 cc. H_{2}SO_{4} sol. = 0.0255 gram CaCO_{3}; 1 cc. H_{2}SO_{4} sol. = 1.02 cc. NaOH sol.?
!Answer!: 2.846 grams.
29. Calculate the percentage of pota.s.sium oxide in an impure sample of pota.s.sium carbonate from the following data: Weight of sample = 1.00 gram; HCl sol. used = 55.90 cc.; NaOH sol. used = 0.42 cc.; 1 cc. NaOH sol. = 0.008473 gram of KHC_{2}O_{4}.H_{2}C_{2}O_{4}.2H_{2}O; 2 cc.
HCl sol. = 5 cc. NaOH sol.
!Answer!: 65.68%.
30. Calculate the percentage purity of a sample of calcite (CaCO_{3}) from the following data: (Standardization); Weight of H_{2}C_{2}O_{4}.2H_{2}O = 0.2460 gram; NaOH solution used = 41.03 cc.; HCl solution used = 0.63; 1 cc. NaOH solution = 1.190 cc. HCl solution. (a.n.a.lysis); Weight of sample 0.1200 gram; HCl used = 36.38 cc.; NaOH used = 6.20 cc.
!Answer!: 97.97%.
31. It is desired to dilute a solution of hydrochloric acid to exactly 0.05 N. The following data are given: 44.97 cc. of the hydrochloric acid are equivalent to 43.76 cc. of the NaOH solution. The NaOH is standardized against a pure pota.s.sium tetroxalate (KHC_{2}O_{4}.H_{2}C_{2}O_{4}.2H_{2}O) weighing 0.2162 gram and requires 49.14 cc. How many cc. of water must be added to 1000 cc. of the aqueous hydrochloric acid?
!Answer!: 11 cc.
32. How many cubic centimeters of 3 N phosphoric acid must be added to 300 cc. of 0.4 N phosphoric acid in order that the resulting solution may be 0.6 N?
!Answer!: 25 cc.
33. To oxidize the iron in 1 gram of FeSO_{4}(NH_{4})_{2}SO_{4}.6H_{2}O (mol. wgt. 392) requires 3 cc. of a given solution of HNO_{3}. What is the normality of the nitric acid when used as an acid? 6FeSO_{4} + 2HNO_{3} + 2H_{2}SO_{4} = 3Fe_{2}(SO_{4})_{3} + 2NO + 4H_{2}O.
!Answer!: 0.2835 N.
34. The same volume of carbon dioxide at the same temperature and the same pressure is liberated from a 1 gram sample of dolomite, by adding an excess of hydrochloric acid, as can be liberated by the addition of 35 cc. of 0.5 N hydrochloric acid to an excess of any pure or impure carbonate. Calculate the percentage of CO_{2} in the dolomite.
!Answer!: 38.5%.
35. How many cubic centimeters of sulphuric acid (sp. gr. 1.84, containing 96% H_{2}SO_{4} by weight) will be required to displace the chloride in the calcium chloride formed by the action of 100 cc. of 0.1072 N hydrochloric acid on an excess of calcium carbonate, and how many grams of CaSO_{4} will be formed?
!Answers!: 0.298 cc.; 0.7300 gram.
36. Pota.s.sium hydroxide which has been exposed to the air is found on a.n.a.lysis to contain 7.62% water, 2.38% K_{2}CO_{3}. and 90% KOH. What weight of residue will be obtained if one gram of this sample is added to 46 cc. of normal hydrochloric acid and the resulting solution, after exact neutralization with 1.070 N pota.s.sium hydroxide solution, is evaporated to dryness?
!Answer!: 3.47 grams.
37. A chemist received four different solutions, with the statement that they contained either pure NaOH; pure Na_{2}CO_{3}; pure NaHCO_{3}, or mixtures of these substances. From the following data identify them:
Sample I. On adding phenolphthalein to a solution of the substance, it gave no color to the solution.
Sample II. On t.i.trating with standard acid, it required 15.26 cc. for a change in color, using phenolphthalein, and 17.90 cc. additional, using methyl orange as an indicator.
Sample III. The sample was t.i.trated with hydrochloric acid until the pink of phenolphthalein disappeared, and on the addition of methyl orange the solution was colored pink.
Sample IV. On t.i.trating with hydrochloric acid, using phenolphthalein, 15.00 cc. were required. A new sample of the same weight required exactly 30 cc. of the same acid for neutralization, using methyl orange.
!Answers!: (a) NaHCO_{3}; (b) NaHCO_{3}+Na_{2}CO_{3}; (c)NaOH; (d) Na_{2}CO_{3}.
38. In the a.n.a.lysis of a sample of KHC_{4}H_{4}O_{6} the following data are obtained: Weight sample = 0.4732 gram. NaOH solution used = 24.97 cc. 3.00 cc. NaOH = 1 cc. of H_{3}PO_{4} solution of which 1 cc. will precipitate 0.01227 gram of magnesium as MgNH_{4}PO_{4}.
Calculate the percentage of KHC_{4}H_{4}O_{6}.
!Answer!: 88.67%.
39. A one-gram sample of sodium hydroxide which has been exposed to the air for some time, is dissolved in water and diluted to exactly 500 cc. One hundred cubic centimeters of the solution, when t.i.trated with 0.1062 N hydrochloric acid, using methyl orange as an indicator, requires 38.60 cc. for complete neutralization. Barium chloride in excess is added to a second portion of 100 cc. of the solution, which is diluted to exactly 250 cc., allowed to stand and filtered. Two hundred cubic centimeters of this filtrate require 29.62 cc. of 0.1062 N hydrochloric acid for neutralization, using phenolphthalein as an indicator. Calculate percentage of NaOH, Na_{2}CO_{3}, and H_{2}O.
!Answers!: 78.63% NaOH; 4.45% Na_{2}CO_{3}; 16.92% H_{2}O.
40. A sodium hydroxide solution (made from solid NaOH which has been exposed to the air) was t.i.trated against a standard acid using methyl orange as an indicator, and was found to be exactly 0.1 N. This solution was used in the a.n.a.lysis of a material sold at 2 cents per pound per cent of an acid const.i.tuent A, and always mixed so that it was supposed to contain 15% of A, on the basis of the a.n.a.lyst"s report. Owing to the carelessness of the a.n.a.lyst"s a.s.sistant, the sodium hydroxide solution was used with phenolphthalein as an indicator in cold solution in making the a.n.a.lyses. The concern manufacturing this material sells 600 tons per year, and when the mistake was discovered it was estimated that at the end of a year the error in the use of indicators would either cost them or their customers $6000. Who would lose and why? a.s.suming the impure NaOH used originally in making the t.i.trating solution consisted of NaOH and Na_{2}CO_{3} only, what per cent of each was present?
!Answers!: Customer lost; 3.94% Na_{2}CO_{3}; 96.06% NaOH.
41. In the standardization of a K_{2}Cr_{2}O_{7} solution against iron wire, 99.85% pure, 42.42 cc. of the solution were added. The weight of the wire used was 0.22 gram. 3.27 cc. of a ferrous sulphate solution having a normal value as a reducing agent of 0.1011 were added to complete the t.i.tration. Calculate the normal value of the K_{2}Cr_{2}O_{7}.
!Answer!: 0.1006 N.
42. What weight of iron ore containing 56.2% Fe should be taken to standardize an approximately 0.1 N oxidizing solution, if not more than 47 cc. are to be used?
!Answer!: 0.4667 gram.
43. One tenth gram of iron wire, 99.78% pure, is dissolved in hydrochloric acid and the iron oxidized completely with bromine water.
How many grams of stannous chloride are there in a liter of solution if it requires 9.47 cc. to just reduce the iron in the above? What is the normal value of the stannous chloride solution as a reducing agent?
!Answer!: 17.92 grams; 0.1888 N.
44. One gram of an oxide of iron is fused with pota.s.sium acid sulphate and the fusion dissolved in acid. The iron is reduced with stannous chloride, mercuric chloride is added, and the iron t.i.trated with a normal K_{2}Cr_{2}O_{7} solution. 12.94 cc. were used. What is the formula of the oxide, FeO, Fe_{2}O_{3}, or Fe_{3}O_{4}?