Aphorisms and Reflections from the Works of T. H. Huxley.
by T. H. Huxley.
PREFACE
Although a man by his works and personality shall have made his mark upon the age he lives in, yet when he has pa.s.sed away and his influence with him, the next generation, and still more the succeeding one, will know little of this work, of his ideals and of the goal he strove to win, although for the student his scientific work may always live.
Thomas Henry Huxley may come to be remembered by the public merely as the man who held that we were descended from the ape, or as the apostle of Darwinism, or as the man who worsted Bishop Wilberforce at Oxford.
To prevent such limitation, and to afford more intimate and valuable reasons for remembrance of this man of science and lover of his fellow-men, I have gathered together pa.s.sages, on widely differing themes, from the nine volumes of his "Essays," from his "Scientific Memoirs" and his "Letters," to be published in a small volume, complete in itself and of a size that can be carried in the pocket.
Some of the pa.s.sages were picked out for their philosophy, some for their moral guidances, some for their scientific exposition of natural facts, or for their insight into social questions; others for their charms of imagination or genial humour, and many--not the least--for their pure beauty of lucid English writing.
In so much wealth of material it was difficult to restrict the gathering.
My great wish is that this small book, by the easy method of its contents, may attract the attention of those persons who are yet unacquainted with my husband"s writings; of the men and women of leisure, who, although they may have heard of the "Essays," do not care to work their way through the nine volumes; of others who would like to read them, but who have either no time to do so or coin wherewith to buy them. More especially do I hope that these selections may attract the attention of the working man, whose cause my husband so ardently espoused, and to whom he was the first to reveal, by his free lectures, the loveliness of Nature, the many rainbow-coloured rays of science, and to show forth to his listeners how all these glorious rays unite in the one pure white light of holy truth.
I am most grateful to our son Leonard Huxley for weeding out the overgrowth of my extracts, for indexing the text of the book and seeing it through the press for me.
Hodeslea, Eastbourne, June 29th, 1907.
APHORISMS and REFLECTIONS
I
There is no alleviation for the sufferings of mankind except veracity of thought and of action, and the resolute facing of the world as it is when the garment of make-believe by which pious hands have hidden its uglier features is stripped off.
II
Natural knowledge, seeking to satisfy natural wants, has found the ideas which can alone still spiritual cravings. I say that natural knowledge, in desiring to ascertain the laws of comfort, has been driven to discover those of conduct, and to lay the foundations of a new morality.
III
The improver of natural knowledge absolutely refuses to acknowledge authority, as such. For him, scepticism is the highest of duties; blind faith the one unpardonable sin.
IV
The man of science has learned to believe in justification, not by faith, but by verification.
V
No delusion is greater than the notion that method and industry can make up for lack of mother-wit, either in science or in practical life.
VI
Nothing great in science has ever been done by men, whatever their powers, in whom the divine afflatus of the truth-seeker was wanting.
VII
In science, as in art, and, as I believe, in every other sphere of human activity, there may be wisdom in a mult.i.tude of counsellors, but it is only in one or two of them.
VIII
Nothing can be more incorrect than the a.s.sumption one sometimes meets with, that physics has one method, chemistry another, and biology a third.
IX
Anyone who is practically acquainted with scientific work is aware that those who refuse to go beyond fact, rarely get as far as fact; and anyone who has studied the history of science knows that almost every great step therein has been made by the "antic.i.p.ation of Nature."
X
There are three great products of our time.... One of these is that doctrine concerning the const.i.tution of matter which, for want of a better name, I will call "molecular"; the second is the doctrine of the conservation of energy; the third is the doctrine of evolution.
XI
M. Comte"s philosophy, in practice, might be compendiously described as Catholicism _minus_ Christianity.
XII
Fact I know; and Law I know; but what is this Necessity, save an empty shadow of my own mind"s throwing?
XIII
We live in a world which is full of misery and ignorance, and the plain duty of each and all of us is to try to make the little corner he can influence somewhat less miserable and somewhat less ignorant than it was before he entered it.
XIV
The man of science, who, forgetting the limits of philosophical inquiry, slides from these formulae and symbols into what is commonly understood by materialism, seems to me to place himself on a level with the mathematician, who should mistake the x"s and y"s with which he works his problems for real ent.i.ties--and with this further disadvantage, as compared with the mathematician, that the blunders of the latter are of no practical consequence, while the errors of systematic materialism may paralyse the energies and destroy the beauty of a life.