"Hmm-go ahead." "You"ve been warned." For a moment Baldwin looked almost sheepish. "I want you to take what I say next at its face value, Joe-don"t laugh."
"Okay."
"You asked what I was. I"m sort of the executive secretary of this branch of an organization of supermen."
"I thought so."
"Eh? How long have you known?" "Things added up. The card game, your reaction time. I knew it when you destroyed the films."*
"Joe, what is a superman?"
Gilead did not answer. "Very well, let"s chuck the term," Baldwin went on. "It"s been overused and misused and beat up until it has mostly comic connotations. I used it for shock value and I didn"t shock you. The term supermen" has come to have a fairy tale meaning, conjuring up pictures of x-ray eyes, odd sense or senses, double hearts, uncuttable skin, steel muscles-an adolescent"s dream of the dragon-killing hero. Tripe, of course. Joe, what is a man? What is man that makes him more than an animal? Settle that and we"ll take a crack at defining a superman-or New Man, h.o.m.o novis, who must displace h.o.m.o sapiens-is displacing him-because he is better able to survive than is h.o.m.o sap. I"m not trying to define myself, I"ll leave it up to my a.s.sociates and the inexorable processes of time as to whether or not I am a superman, a member of the new species of man-same test to apply to you."
"Me?"
"You. You show disturbing symptoms of being h.o.m.o novis, Joe, in a sloppy, ignorant, untrained fashion. Not likely, but you just might be one of the breed. Now-what is man? What is the one thing he can do better than animals which is so strong a survival factor that it outweighs all the things that animals of one sort or another can do much better than he can?"
"He can think,"
"I fed you that answer; no prize for it. Okay, you pa.s.s yourself off a man; let"s see you do something, What is the one possible conceivable factor-or factors, if you prefer-which the hypothetical superman could have, by mutation or magic or any means, and which could be added to this advantage which man already has and which has enabled him to dominate this planet against the unceasing opposition of a million other species of fauna? Some factor that would make the domination of man by his successor, as inevitable as your domination over a hound dog? Think, Joe. What is the necessary direction of evolution to the next dominant species?"
Giiead engaged in contemplation for what was for him a long time. There were so many lovely attributes that a man might have: to be able to see both like a telescope and microscope, to see the insides of things, to see throughout the spectrum, to have hearing of the same order, to be immune to disease, to grow a new arm or leg, to fly through the air without bothering with silly gadgets like helicopters or jets, to walk unharmed the ocean bottom, to work without tiring- Yet the eagle could fly and he was nearly extinct, even though his eyesight was better than man"s. A dog has better smell and hearing; seals swim better, balance better, and furthermore can store oxygen. Bats can survive where men would starve or die of hardship; they are smart and pesky hard to kill. Rats could- Wait! Could tougher, smarter rats displace man? No, it Just wasn"t in them; too small a brain.
"To be able to think better," Gilead answered almost instantly. "Hand the man a cigar! Supermen are superthinkers; anything else is a side issue. I"ll allow the possibility of super-somethings which might exterminate or dominate mankind other than by outsmarting him in his own racket-thought. But I deny that it is possible for a man to conceive in discrete terms what such a super-something would be or how this something would win out. New Man will beat out h.o.m.o sap in h.o.m.o sap"s own specialty-rational thought, the ability to recognize data, store them, integrate them, evaluate correctly the result, and arrive at a correct decision. That is how man got to be champion; the creature who can do it better is the coming champion. Sure, there are other survival factors, good health, good sense organs, fast reflexes, but they aren"t even comparable, as the long, rough history of mankind has proved over and over-Marat in his bath, Roosevelt in his wheelchair, Caesar with his epilepsy and his bad stomach. Nelson with one eye and one arm, blind Milton; when the chips are down it"s brain that wins, not the body"s tools."
"Stop a moment," said Gilead. "How about E.S.P.?"
Baldwin shrugged. "I"m not sneering at extra-sensory perception any more than I would at exceptional eyesight-E.S.P. is not in the same league with the ability to think correctly. E.S.P. is a grab bag name for the means other than the known sense organs by which the brain may gather data-but the trick that pays off with first prize is to make use of that data, to reason about it. If you would like a telepathic hookup to Shanghai, I can arrange it; we"ve got operators at both ends-but you can get whatever data you might happen to need from Shanghai by phone with less trouble, less chance of a bad connection, and less danger of somebody listening in. Telepaths can"t pick up a radio message; it"s not the same wave band."
"What wave band is it?"
"Later, later. You"ve got a lot to learn." "I wasn"t thinking especially of telepathy. I was thinking of all parapsychological phenomena."
"Same reasoning. Appellation would be nice, if telekinetics had gotten that far-which it ain"t. But a pick-up truck moves things handily enough. Television in the hands of an intelligent man counts for more than clairvoyance in a moron. Quit wasting my time, Joe."
"Sorry."
"We defined thinking as integrating data and arriving at correct answers. Look around you. Most people do that stunt just well enough to get to the corner store and back without breaking a leg. If the average man thinks at all, he does silly things like generalizing from a single datum. He uses one-valued logics. If he is exceptionally bright, he may use two- valued, either-or" logic to arrive at his wrong answers. If he is hungry, hurt, or personally interested in the answer, he can"t use any sort of logic and will discard an observed fact as blithely as he will stake his life on a piece of wishful thinking. He uses the technical miracles created by superior men without wonder nor surprise, as a kitten accepts a bowl of milk. Far from aspiring to higher reasoning, he is not even aware that higher reasoning exists. He cla.s.ses his own mental process as being of the same sort as the genius of an Einstein. Man is not a rational animal; he is a rationalizing animal.
"For explanations of a universe that confuses him he seizes onto numerology, astrology, hysterical religions, and other fancy ways to go crazy. Having accepted such glorified nonsense, facts make no impression on him, even if at the cost of his own life. Joe, one of the hardest things to believe is the abysmal depth of human stupidity.
"That is why there is always room at the top, why a man with just a leetle more on the ball can so easily become governor, millionaire, or college president- and why h.o.m.o sap is sure to be displaced by New Man, because there is so much room for improvement and evolution never stops.
"Here and there among ordinary men is a rare individual who really thinks, can and does use logic in at least one field-he"s often as stupid as the rest outside his study or laboratory-but he can think, if he"s not disturbed or sick or frightened. This rare individual is responsible for all the progress made by the race; the others reluctantly adopt his results. Much as the ordinary man dislikes and distrusts and persecutes the process of thinking he is forced to accept the results occasionally, because thinking is efficient compared with his own maunderings. He may still plant his corn in the dark of the Moon but he will plant better corn developed by better men than he.
"Still rarer is the man who thinks habitually, who applies reason, rather than habit pattern, to aU his activity. Unless he masques himself, his is a dangerous life; he is regarded as queer, untrustworthy, subversive of public morals; he is a pink monkey among brown monkeys-a fatal mistake. Unless the pink monkey can dye himself brown before he is caught.
"The brown monkey"s instinct to kill is correct; such men are dangerous to all monkey customs.
"Rarest of all is the man who can and does reason at all times, quickly, accurately, inclusively, despite hope or fear or bodily distress, without egocentric bias or thalmic disturbance, with correct memory, with clear distinction between fact, a.s.sumption, and non-fact. Such men exist, Joe; they are New Man"-human in all respects, indistinguishable in appearance or under the scalpel from h.o.m.o sap, yet as unlike him in action as the Sun is unlike a single candle."
Gilead said, "Are you that sort?"
"You will continue to form your own opinions."
"And you think I may be, too?"
"Could be. I"ll have more data in a few days." Gilead laughed until the tears came. "Kettle Belly, if I"m the future hope of the race, they had better send in the second team quick. Sure I"m brighter than most of the jerks I run into, but, as you say, the compet.i.tion isn"t stiff. But I haven"t any sublime aspirations. I"ve got as lecherous an eye as the next man. I enjoy wasting time over a gla.s.s of beer. I just don"t feel like a superman."
"Speaking of beer, let"s have some." Baldwin got up and obtained two cans of the brew. "Remember that Mowgli felt like a wolf. Being a New Man does not divorce you from human sympathies and pleasures. There have been New Men all through history; I doubt if most of them suspected that their difference ent.i.tled them to call themselves a different breed. Then they went ahead and bred with the daughters of men, diffusing their talents through the racial organism, preventing them from effectuating until chance brought the genetic factors together again."
"Then I take it that New Man is not a special mutation?"
"Huh? Who isn"t a mutation, Joe? All of us are a collection of millions of mutations. Around the globe hundreds of mutations have taken place in our human germ plasm while we have been sitting here. No, h.o.m.o novis didn"t come about because great grandfather stood too close to a cyclotron; h.o.m.o novis was not even a separate breed until he became aware of himself, organized, and decided to hang on to what his genes had handed him. You could mix New Man back into the race today and lose him; he"s merely a variation becoming a species. A million years from now is another matter; I venture to predict that New Man, of that year and model, won"t be able to interbreed with h.o.m.o sap-no viable offspring."
"You don"t expect present man-h.o.m.o sapiens-to disappear?"
"Not necessarily. The dog adapted to man. Probably more dogs now than in umpteen B.C.-and better fed."
"And man would be New Man"s dog."
"Again not necessarily. Consider the cat." The idea is to skim the cream of the race"s germ plasm and keep it biologically separate until the two races are permanently distinct. You chaps sound like a bunch of stinkers. Kettle Belly."
"Monkey talk,"
"Perhaps. The new race would necessarily run things-"
"Do you expect New Man to decide grave matters by counting common man"s runny noses?"
"No, that was my point. Postulating such a new race, the result is inevitable. Kettle Belly, I confess to a monkey prejudice in favor of democracy, human dignity, and freedom. It goes beyond logic; it is the kind of a world I like. In my job I have mingled with the outcasts of society, snared their slumgullion. Stupid they may be, bad they are not-I have no wish to see them become domestic animals."
For the first time the big man showed concern. His persona as "King of the Kopsters," master merchandiser, slipped away; he sat in brooding majesty, a lonely and unhappy figure. "I know, Joe. They are of us; their little dignities, their n.o.bilities, are not lessened by their sorry state. Yet it must be."
"Why? New Man will come-granted. But why hurry the process?"
"Ask yourself." He swept a hand toward the oubliette. Ten minutes ago you and I saved this planet, all our race. It"s the hour of the knife. Some one must be on guard if the race is to live; there is no one but us. To guard effectively we New Men must be organized, must never fumble any crisis like this-and must increase our numbers. We are few now, Joe; as the crises increase, we must increase to meet them. Eventually-and it"s a dead race with time-we must take over and make certain that baby never plays with matches."
He stopped and brooded. "I confess to that same affection for democracy, Joe. But it"s like yearning for the Santa Claus you believed in as a child. For a hundred and fifty years or so democracy, or something like it, could flourish safely. The issues were such as to be settled without disaster by the votes of common men, befogged and ignorant as they were. But now, if the race is simply to stay alive, political decisions depend on real knowledge of such things as nuclear physics, planetary ecology, genetic theory, even system mechanics. They aren"t up to it, Joe. With goodness and more will than they possess less than one in a thousand could stay awake over one page of nuclear physics; they can"t learn what they must know."
Gilead brushed it aside. "It"s up to us to brief them. Their hearts are all right; tell them the score- they"ll come down with the right answers."
"No, Joe. We"ve tried it; it does not work. As you say, most of them are good, the way a dog can be n.o.ble and good. Yet there are bad ones-Mrs. Keithley and company and more like her. Reason is poor propaganda when opposed by the yammering, unceasing lies of shrewd and evil and self-serving men. The little man has no way to judge and the shoddy lies are packaged more attractively. There is no way to offer color to a colorblind man, nor is there any way for us to give the man of imperfect brain the canny skill to distinguish a lie from a truth.
"No, Joe. The gulf between us and them is narrow, but it is very deep. We cannot close it."
"I wish," said Gilead, "that you wouldn"t cla.s.s me with your New Man", I feel more at home on the other side."
"You will decide for yourself which side you are on, as each of us has done."
Gilead forced a change in subject. Ordinarily immune to thalamic disturbance this issue upset him; his brain followed Baldwin"s argument and a.s.sured him that it was true; his inclinations fought it. He was confronted with the sharpest of all tragedy; two equally n.o.ble and valid rights, utterly opposed. "What do you people do, aside from stealing films?"
"Mmm-many things." Baldwin relaxed, looked again like a jovial sharp businessman. "Where a push here and a touch there will keep things from going to pot, we apply the pressure, by many and devious means. And we scout for suitable material and bring it into the fold when we can-we"ve had our eye on you for ten years."
"So?"
"Yep. That is a prime enterprise. Through public data we eliminate all but about one tenth of one per cent; that thousandth individual we watch. And then there are our horticultural societies." He grinned.
"Finish your joke."
"We weed people."
"Sorry, I"m slow today." "Joe, didn"t you ever feel a yen to wipe out some evil, obscene, rotten jerk who infected everything he touched, yet was immune to legal action? We treat them as cancers; we excise them from die body social. We keep a Better Dead" list; when a man is clearly morally bankrupt we close his account at the first opportunity."
Gilead smiled. "If you were sure what you were doing, it could be fun."
"We are always sure, though our methods would be no good in a monkey law court. Take Mrs. Keithley-is there doubt in your mind?"
"None."
"Why don"t you have her indicted? Don"t bother to answer. For example, two weeks from tonight there will be giant pow-wow of the new, rejuvenated, bigger-and-better-than-ever Ku Klux Klan on a mountain top down Carolina way- When the fun is at its height, when they are mouthing obscenities, working each other up to the pogrom spirit, an act of G.o.d is going to wipe out the whole kit and kaboodle. Very sad."
"Could I get in on that?"
"You aren"t even a cadet as yet." Baldwin went on. "There is the project to increase our numbers, but that is thousand-year program; you"d need a perpetual calendar to check it. More important is keeping matches away from baby. Joe, it"s been eighty-five years since we beheaded the last commissar: have you wondered why so little basic progress in science has been made in that time?"
"Eh? There have been a lot of changes."
"Minor adaptations-some spectacular, almost none of them basic. Of course there was very little progress made under communism; a totalitarian political religion is incompatible with free investigation. Let me digress: the communist interregnum was responsible for the New Men getting together and organizing. Most New Men are scientists, for obvious reasons. When the commissars started ruling on natural laws by political criteria-Lysenkoism and similar nonsense-it did not sit well; a lot of us went underground.
"I"ll skip the details. It brought us together, gave us practice in underground activity, and gave a backlog of new research, carried out underground. Some of it was obviously dangerous; we decided to hang onto it for a while. Since then such secret knowledge has grown, for we never give out an item until it has been scrutinized for social hazards. Since much of it is dangerous and since very few indeed outside our organization are capable of real original thinking, basic science has been almost at a public standstill.
"We hadn"t expected to have to do it that way. We helped to see to it that the new const.i.tution was liberal and-we thought-workable. But the new Republic turned out to be an even poorer thing than the old. The evil ethic of communism had corrupted, even after the form was gone. We held off. Now we know that we must hold off until we can revise the whole society."
"Kettle Belly," Joe said slowly, "you speak as if you had been on the spot. How old are you?"
"I"ll tell you when you are the age I am now. A man has lived long enough when he no longer longs to live. I ain"t there yet. Joe, I must have your answer, or this must be continued in our next."
"You had it at the beginning-but, see here. Kettle Belly, there is one job I want promised to me."
"Which is?"
"I want to kill Mrs. Keithley." "Keep your pants on. When you"re trained, and if she"s still alive then, you"ll be used for that purpose-" "Thanks!"
"-provided you are the proper tool for it." Baldwin turned toward the mike, called out, "Gail!" and added one word in the strange tongue.
Gail showed up promptly. "Joe," said Baldwin, "when this young lady gets through with you, you will be able to sing, whistle, chew gum, play chess, hold your breath, and fly a kite simultaneously-and all this while riding a bicycle under water. Take him, sis, he"s all yours."
Gail rubbed her hands. "Oh, boy!"
"First we must teach you to see and to hear, then to remember, then to speak, and then to think."
Joe looked at her. "What"s this I"m doing with my mouth at this moment?"
"It"s not talking, it"s a sort of grunting. Furthermore English is not structurally suited to thinking. Shut up and listen."
In their underground cla.s.sroom Gail had available several types of apparatus to record and manipulate light and sound. She commenced throwing groups of figures on a screen, in flashes. "What was it, Joe?"
"Nine-six-oh-seven-two-That was as far as I got."
"It was up there a full thousandth of a second. Why did you get only the left hand side of the group?"
"That"s all the farther I had read."
"Look at all of it. Don"t make an effort of will; just look at it." She flashed another number.
Joe"s memory was naturally good; his intelligence was high-just how high he did not yet know. Un- convinced that the drill was useful, he relaxed and played along. Soon he was beginning to grasp a nine-digit array as a single gestalt; Gail reduced the flash time.
"What is this magic lantern gimmick?" he inquired.
"It"s a Renshaw tachistoscope. Back to work."
Around World War II Dr. Samuel Renshaw at the Ohio State University was proving that most people are about one-fifth efficient in using their capacities to see, hear, taste, feel and remember. His research was swallowed in the mora.s.s of communist pseudoscience that obtained after World War III, but, after his death, his findings were preserved underground. Gail did not expose Gilead to the odd language he had heard until he had been rather thoroughly Renshawed.
However, from the time of his interview with Baldwin the other persons at the ranch used it in his presence- Sometimes someone-usually Ma Carver-would translate, sometimes not. He was flattered to feel accepted, but gravelled to know that it was at the lowest cadetship. He was a child among adults.
Gail started teaching him to hear by speaking to him single words from the odd language, requiring him to repeat them back. "No, Joe. Watch." This time when she spoke the word it appeared on the screen in sound a.n.a.lysis, by a means basically like one long used to show the deaf-and-dumb their speech mistakes. "Now you try it."
He did, the two arrays hung side by side. "How"s that, teacher?" he said triumphantly.
"Terrible, by several decimal places. You held the final guttural too long-" She pointed. "-the middle vowel was formed with your tongue too high and you pitched it too low and you failed to let the pitch rise. And six other things. You couldn"t possibly have been understood. I heard what you said, but it was gibberish. Try again. And don"t call me "teacher." "
"Yes, ma"am," he answered solemnly.
She shifted the controls; he tried again. This time his a.n.a.lysis array was laid down on top of hers; where the two matched, they cancelled. Where they did not match, his errors stood out in contrasting colors. The screen looked like a sun burst.
"Try again, Joe." She repeated the word without letting it affect the display.
"Confound it, if you would tell me what the words mean instead of treating me the way Milton treated his daughters about Latin, I could remember them easier."
She shrugged. "I can"t, Joe. You must learn to hear and to speak first. Speedtalk is a flexible language; the same word is not likely to recur. This practice word means: The far horizons draw no nearer." That"s not much help, is it?"
The definition seemed improbable, but he was learning not to doubt her. He was not used to women who were always two jumps ahead of him. He ordinarily felt sorry for the poor little helpless cuddly creatures; this one he often wanted to slug. He wondered if this response were what the romancers meant by "love"; he decided that it couldn"t be.
"Try again, Joe." Speedtalk was a structurally different speech from any the race had ever used. Long before, Ogden and Richards bad shown that eight hundred and fifty words were sufficient vocabulary to express anything that could be expressed by "normal" human vocabularies, with the aid of a handful of special words-a hundred odd-for each special field, such as horse racing or ballistics. About the same time phoneticians had a.n.a.lyzed all human tongues into about a hundred-odd sounds, represented by the letters of a general phonetic alphabet.
On these two propositions Speedtalk was based.