Crank Bearings.Adjusted tooOverheating be-Adjust freely, clean Main Bearings.tight. Defectivecause of friction.out oil holes andoiling. Bra.s.sesenlarge oil grooves.
burned.Oil Sump.Insufficient oil.Overheating.Replenish supply.
Poor lubricant.Use best oil. WashDirty oil.out with kerosene;put in clean oil.
Water s.p.a.ce. WaterClogged with sedi-Overheating.Dissolve foreign Pipes.ment or scale.matter and remove.
Piston Head.Cracked (rare).Loss of compres-Weld by autogenousCarbon deposits.sion. Preignition.process. Sc.r.a.pe offcarbon acc.u.mula-tions.
NOISY OPERATION OF POWER PLANT
------------------+------------------+------------------+-------------------- PART AFFECTEDNATURE OF TROUBLECHARACTER OFREMEDYNOISE------------------+------------------+------------------+-------------------- Compression Re-Leakage.Hissing.Previously given.
lease c.o.c.k.Spark Plug.Leakage.Hissing.Previously given.
Valve Chamber Cap.Leakage.Hiss or whistle.Previously given.
CombustionCarbon deposits.Knocking.Previously given.
Chamber.Inlet Valve Seat.Defects previouslyPopping in carbu-Previously given.
given.retor.Valve Head.Loose on stem.Clicking.Previously given.
Valve Stem. ValveWear or looseness.Rattle or click-Previously given.
Stem Guide.ing.Inlet Valve.Closes too late.Blowback in carbu-Previously given.
Opens too early.retor.Valve Spring.Weak or broken.Blowback in carbu-Previously given.
retor.Cylinder Casting.Retaining boltsSharp metallicTighten bolts. Roundloose. Pistonknock.edges of pistonstrikes at uppertop.
end.Cylinder Wall.Scored.Hissing.Previously given.
Valve StemToo much.Clicking. BlowbackPreviously given.
Clearance.Too little (inletin carburetor.valve).Valve OperatingLooseness.Rattle or click-Previously given.
Plunger. Plungering.Guide.Timing Gears.Loose on fasten-Metallic knock.Previously given.
ings. Worn teeth.Rattle. Grinding.Cylinder orNo oil, or poorGrinding.Repair oil system.
Piston.lubricant.Cam.Loose on shaft.Metallic knock.Previously given.
Worn contour.Cam-shaft Bearing.Looseness or wear.Slight knock.Previously given.
Cam Fastening.Looseness.Clicking.Previously given.
Piston.Binding in cylin-Grinding or dullPreviously given.
der. Worn oval,squeak. Dullcauses side slaphammering.in cylinder.Piston Head.Carbon deposits.Knocking.Previously given.
Piston Rings.Defective oiling.Squeaking. Hiss-Previously given.
Leakage. Bindinging. Grinding.in cylinder.Wrist-pin.Loose in piston.Dull metallicReplace with newWorn.knock.member.
Connecting Rod.Wear in upperDistinct knock.Adjust or replace.
bushing. Wear atSc.r.a.pe and fit. Usecrank-pin. Sidelonger wrist-pinplay in piston.bushing.
Crank Bearings.Looseness. Exces-Metallic knock.Refit bearings.
sive end play.IntermittentLonger bushingsBinding, fittedknock. Squeaking.needed. Insert shimstoo tight.to allow more play.
Main Bearings.Looseness. Defec-Metallic knock.Fit bra.s.ses closertive lubrication.Squeaking.to shaft. Clean outoil holes andgrooves.
Connecting RodLoose.Sharp knock.Tighten.
Bolts. MainBearing Bolts.Crank-shaft.Defective oiling.Squeaking.Previously given.
Engine Base.Loose on frame.Sharp pounding.Tighten bolts.
Lower Half Crank-Bolts loose.Knocking.Tighten bolts.
case.Fly-wheel.Loose on crank-Very sharp knock.Tighten retentionshaft.bolts or fit newkeys.
Oil Sump.Oil level too low.Grinding andReplenish with bestPoor lubricant.squeak in allcylinder oil.
bearings.Valve Plunger Re-Looseness.Clicking.Tighten nuts.
tention Stirrups.Fan.Blade loose. BladeClicking orTighten. Bend back.
strikes cooler.rattle.Exhaust PipeLeakage.Sharp hissing.Tighten or use new Joints.gasket.
Crank-caseLeakage.Blowing sound.Use new packing.
Packing.Tighten bolts.
Water Pipe.Leaks. Loss ofPounding becausePreviously given.
water. Cloggedengine heats.with sediment.Water Jacket.Clogged with sedi-Knocking becauseDissolve scale andment. Wallsengine heats.flush out watercovered withs.p.a.ce with waterscale.under pressure.
"SKIPPING" OR IRREGULAR OPERATION
------------------+------------------+------------------+-------------------- PART AFFECTEDNATURE OF TROUBLESYMPTOMS ANDREMEDYEFFECTS------------------+------------------+------------------+-------------------- Compression ReliefLeak in threads orDilutes mixtureScrew down tighter.
c.o.c.k.spigot.with air, causesGrind spigot to seatblowback.with emery.
Spark-Plug.Leak in threads.Dilutes mixture.Screw down tighter.
Defective gasket.Allows shortReplace with new.
Cracked insulator.circuit. No spark.Set points 1/64"
Points too near.apart for magneto,Points covered1/32" for batterywith carbon. Toospark.
much air gap.Valve Chamber Cap.Leak in threads.Dilutes mixture byPreviously given.
Defective gasket.allowing air toenter cylinder onsuction stroke.CombustionCarbon deposits.Preignition.Sc.r.a.pe out.
Chamber.Valve Head.Warped or pitted.Dilutes chargePreviously given.
Loose on stem.with poor air orgas.Valve Stem.Binding in guide.Irregular valvePreviously given.
Sticking.action.Valve Seat.Scored or warped.Gas leak, poorPreviously given.
Cracked. Coveredmixture. Poor com-with scale. Dirtpression. Valveunder valve.will not close.Induction Pipe.Leak at joints.Mixture dilutedStop all leaks.
Crack or blowhole.with excess air.Inlet Valve.Closes too late.Blowback in carbu-Time properly.
Opens too early.retor.Exhaust Valve.Opens too late.Retention of burntTime properly.
Closes too early.gas dilutescharge.Valve Stem Guide.Bent or carbon-Causes valve toPreviously given.
ized.stick.Inlet Valve StemWorn, stem loose.Air drawn in onBush guide or use Guide.suction thins gas.new member.
Valve Spring.Weakened orIrregular action.Use new spring.
broken.Valve StemToo little. TooValve will notAdjust gap .009"
Clearance.much.shut. Valve opensinlet, .010"
late, closesexhaust.
early.Valve SpringBroken.Releases spring.Replace.
Collar Key.Cam.Worn cam contour.Valve lift re-Previously given.
Loose on shaft.duced. Does notOut of time.lift valve. Valvesoperate at wrongtime.Cam-shaft Bearing.Looseness or wear.Valve timingReplace.
altered. Valvelift decreased.Cam-shaft.Twisted.Valves out ofPreviously given.
time.Cam Fastening.Worn or broken.Valve actionReplace with new.
irregular.Valve OperatingLoose in guide.Alters valveReplace with new.
Plunger.timing.Valve PlungerWear in bore.Alters valveReplace or bush.
Guide.Loose on enginetiming.Fasten securely.
base.Timing Gears.Not properlyValves out ofRetime properly.
meshed. Loose ontime. Valves doFasten to shaft.
shaft.not operate.Piston.Walls scored.Leakage of gas.Smooth up ifpossible.
Piston Head.Carbon deposits.Cause prematurePreviously given.
Crack or blowholeignition.(rare).Piston Rings.No spring. LooseLeakage weakensPreviously given.
in grooves. Wornsuction.or broken.Cylinder Wall.Scored by wrist-Gas leaks by. PoorPreviously given.
pin. Scored bysuction.lack of oil.------------------+------------------+------------------+--------------------
IGNITION SYSTEM TROUBLES ONLY
_Motor Will Not Start or Starts Hard_
Loose Battery Terminal.
Magneto Ground Wire Shorted.
Magneto Defective (No Spark at Plugs).