Beeton"s Book of Needlework.
by Isabella Beeton.
SAMUEL BUTLER"S PREFACE
The Art of Needlework dates from the earliest record of the world"s history, and has, also, from time immemorial been the support, comfort, or employment of women of every rank and age. Day by day, it increases its votaries, who enlarge and develop its various branches, so that any addition and a.s.sistance in teaching or learning Needlework will be welcomed by the Daughters of England, "wise of heart," who work diligently with their hands.
The recent introduction of Point Lace has brought a finer, and, apparently, more difficult cla.s.s of fancy work into general favour.
Ladies may now, however, confidently commence, with our patterns before them, to reproduce Antique laces; for care and patience, with a knowledge of Point Lace st.i.tches, are alone required to perfect the beautiful work, which, as shown in existing specimens of exquisite Old Lace, const.i.tute the chief glory of women"s refined industry in past centuries.
INSTRUCTIONS in TATTING, in EMBROIDERY, in CROCHET, in KNITTING and NETTING, in BERLIN WOOL WORK, in POINT LACE, and GUIPURE D"ART are prefixed to the pages devoted to these separate branches of needlework.
The whole work is interspersed with coloured and other Patterns in Point Lace, Guipure d"Art, Tatting, Embroidery, and Designs for Monograms and Initials for marking handkerchiefs and table-linen. The quant.i.ty of materials required for each cla.s.s of work is also given with every pattern.
The idea of combining a series of minute and exact instructions in fancy needlework with useful patterns was conceived some years ago by one whose life was devoted to the inculcation of the practical duties of woman"s life, and to a.s.sisting her s.e.x in their daily work of HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT and REFINEMENT.
Her great wish was that her BOOK OF NEEDLEWORK should be as valuable in its way to her Countrywomen as her work upon Household Management was useful in showing the best mode of providing for the diurnal wants of families. Other hands have brought to a conclusion her original plans.
The best attainable workers have contributed to this volume. Only those who knew the extent of the late Mrs. Beeton"s design, will miss, in the pages now before them, "the touch of a vanished hand."
s...o...b..
_Paternoster Row,_ 1870.
TATTING
INSTRUCTIONS
[Ill.u.s.tration: Tatting Shuttle.]
The needlework called Tatting in England, _Frivolite_ in French, and _Frivolitaten_ in German, is a work which seems, from all accounts, to have been in favour several generations ago. Modern ingenuity has discovered some ways of improving on the original plan of tatting, which was, indeed, rather a primitive sort of business as first practised. To Mrs. Mee, one of our most accomplished _artistes_ in all matters connected with the work-table, belongs, we believe, the introduction of the plan of working from the reel instead of the shuttle. By this alteration the advantage of the shuttle being constantly kept filled with cotton was gained, and the necessity also obviated for frequently joining the thread; and to Mdlle. Riego, equally distinguished in all details appertaining to the employment of the needle, ladies are indebted for an arrangement by which the same thread used in the making of the pattern is used for fastening the work. The old plan only provided for the working of the different portions which const.i.tuted the pattern, and then these portions had to be sewn together with a needle and thread. The ingenious workers on the Continent have also given much attention of late to the art of tatting, and our instructions now printed comprise what we consider the best mode of learning and doing this exceedingly interesting and fashionable work.
[Ill.u.s.tration: Tatting Pin.]
Tatting differs entirely from crochet, and is composed of st.i.tches forming _knots_. It is intended as an imitation of point lace, and is especially used for tr.i.m.m.i.n.g under-linen, on account of its strength.
To make the st.i.tches or knots a small instrument is used, called a _shuttle_. This shuttle consists of two oval pieces, flat on one side and convex on the other, and is made of wood or ivory.
The two oval pieces are joined together by a strong cross-piece. The ill.u.s.tration shows the construction of the shuttle. These shuttles are made in ivory, pearl, tortoisesh.e.l.l inlaid with pearl, and silver; they are also manufactured in coloured bone, black, red, and white. The best to work with are the pearl for a white shuttle, and the inlaid tortoisesh.e.l.l for a black shuttle; the prices vary from sixpence to one shilling and two-and-sixpence each. In selecting a shuttle be careful to see that the ends close, as if dropped it soon becomes unthreaded, which is very inconvenient. The cotton intended for the work is wound round this shuttle, and the thickness of the cotton varies according to the style of work. It is better to use the proper tatting cotton, because it is stronger than the ordinary kinds; this is manufactured by Messrs.
Walter Evans and Co. for the purpose. Their Boar"s Head Cotton is also frequently used, and answers very well.
_Shuttles._
These are made in 3 sizes:--Finest, No. 1; No. 2, useful medium size; No. 3, the largest.
_The Way to Hold the Hands._
Take the shuttle in the right hand, between the thumb and second finger, and allow the forefinger to remain at liberty, and rest the under part of the shuttle _between_ the second and third and _on_ the middle finger. Place the thread round the three middle fingers of the left hand, so as to form a loop, keeping the second and third fingers a little apart, and bring the cotton again between the thumb and forefinger, letting the end fall within the palm of the hand, while the end of cotton which holds on to the shuttle pa.s.ses over the thumb-nail.
_To Make a St.i.tch._
Keep the hands in the position above described; pa.s.s the shuttle at the back, through the loop--that is, between the second and third fingers.
Take the end of the shuttle which comes out from the loop between the forefinger and thumb of the right hand, and strain the cotton very tightly towards the right. When the cotton is drawn through the loop, this cotton must not be impeded by the fourth finger; it should, on the contrary, slide over it, and be drawn tight. It should divide the loop into two parts. After this withdraw the second left-hand finger, which is _above_ the cotton, and pa.s.s it again under that cotton, so as to draw up the loop. A _half-st.i.tch_ is thus formed, and must be tightened by being drawn closely to the forefinger and thumb of the left hand. For the remaining half of the st.i.tch keep the hands in the same position, but, instead of letting the cotton fall over the thumb, pa.s.s this cotton over the back of the hand; then let the shuttle fall between the second and third fingers of the left hand, in front, and take it out again at the back, strain the cotton very tightly, withdraw the second finger from the loop, letting the cotton which is behind the hand sweep over the fingers. When this is done, guide with the unoccupied fingers of the left hand this second half-st.i.tch up to the other, thus completing _one st.i.tch_.
_The Way to Make a Loop in Tatting._
When a certain number of st.i.tches are made, very tightly draw in the loop by straining the cotton until the first st.i.tch touches the last, and thus a loop is formed. During this process the st.i.tches should be held tightly between the forefinger and thumb.
_The Way to Make a Purl._
A _purl_ is a small loop of cotton often used as an edging in tatting, as, for instance, round the outer edge of the ovals in tatted insertion No. 2. The following is the easiest method of making a purl:--The st.i.tches are not made quite closely together at the place where a purl is to be made; about one-sixth of an inch is left between each. This s.p.a.ce is left free until the loop is made by uniting the st.i.tches; then the small piece of cotton in the s.p.a.ce bulges out between the st.i.tches, and forms the purl. If several are required a small s.p.a.ce is left between every two or three st.i.tches, according to the desired number.
Care must be taken in that case that the small pieces of cotton left be all of the same length, so that the purl may be perfectly even. The purl can also be made thus: At the same time with the end of thread take the tatting-pin or a very large darning needle or knitting needle in the left hand, so that the point may come out farther than the row of st.i.tches; if then you wish to make a purl, throw the cotton on the pin before making the st.i.tch; then fasten this st.i.tch, and push it at once close to the preceding; the pin with the cotton should come above the st.i.tches. Do not take out the pin before all the purl and all the st.i.tches are completed and joined together.
_Joining the Work._
Place the tatting-pin in the loop that is to be joined, and with the hook draw the thread of the loop--that is, round the hand through it--pa.s.s the shuttle through this loop, and draw it up tightly close to the st.i.tches.
A "straight" or double thread is used to join various parts of the work, and forms very beautiful patterns. Without the straight thread we should be unable to imitate point lace patterns, or, indeed, to execute any designs but those composed of circles, ovals, &c. To use this straight thread 2 shuttles are required; they should be of different colours. Sometimes one end of thread is left attached to the reel instead of using the second shuttle. In commencing a loop the straight thread is held between the second and third fingers of the left hand, about 2 or 3 inches from the work; the other shuttle is held as usual in the right hand, and the st.i.tches and purls worked with it upon the foundation of the straight thread of the second shuttle.
TATTING.
1.--_Pine Pattern Collar in Tatting._
[Ill.u.s.tration: I.--Pine Pattern Collar in Tatting.]
Materials: Messrs. Walter Evans and Co."s Boar"s Head cotton No. 80, or tatting cotton No. 60; tatting-pin No. 3; a small shuttle.
This collar is worked with very fine tatting cotton as follows:--1st circle: 2 double, 1 purl 7 times, 2 double, draw up the cotton.
2nd circle: 3 double, join it to the last purl of the 1st circle, 1 double, 1 purl 8 times, 2 double, draw the cotton up.
3rd circle: 2 double, join it to the last purl of the 2nd circle, 1 double, join it to the 7th purl of the 2nd circle, 1 double, 1 purl 8 times, 2 double, draw the cotton up.
4th circle: 2 double, join it to the last purl of 3rd circle, 3 double, 1 purl, 1 double 7 times, 1 double, draw the cotton up.