+The First Group of Epistles.+--The First and Second Epistles to the Thessalonians are the earliest writings of Paul of which we have any certain knowledge. He may possibly have written earlier epistles, which are now lost.
He speaks of writing a salutation "in every epistle"
(2 Thess. 3:17), "with mine own hand," which may imply that he had already written a number of Epistles.
In regard to later writings he also speaks of an Epistle (1 Cor. 5:9) to the Corinthians written to them before that now known as First Corinthians and of one written to the Laodiceans (Col. 4:16); of these writings we have no record save these incidental notices, if these notices refer to lost Epistles.
+The Chief Doctrinal Point+ considered in this group is "The Future of Christ"s Kingdom" as it was related to His second coming (1 Thess. 4:13-5:9, compare 2 Thess. 2:1-17).
It was natural that, after so great a manifestation of the Divine Christ, the earlier believers in Him should make much of the promise that He said He would come again, and amid their troubles and difficulties the strong tendency would be to think that second coming was close at hand. It is a well known fact however that the near approach of a great joy or sorrow unfits men and women for the ordinary pursuits of life. Paul, in his first letter to the members of the church of Thessalonica, spoke of the second coming of Christ to relieve their minds of a worry over those who had died since he had preached to them (lest they should not see the Lord when He came), and also to encourage them in their faith (1 Thess. 4:13-18). It seems that Paul was taken to mean by what he wrote that Christ"s coming was near at hand.
The believers in Christ, in Thessalonica, began to give up their ordinary avocations and pursuits in speedy antic.i.p.ation of this great event. He therefore takes occasion in his second letter to the church to correct the impression that Christ"s coming (2 Thess. 2:1-17) was near at hand.
He exhorts them to true and faithful living in the sight of their Lord Jesus Christ (2 Thess. 3:1-18) as the best way to serve their Divine Master. The principle of the true Christian life is here set forth in a masterly way; it holds good for all time and all peoples.
THE FIRST EPISTLE TO THE THESSALONIANS
+The Founding of the Church at Thessalonica+ (Acts 17:1-10).--Paul was on his second missionary journey and this church was the second which he organized in Europe. He entered into the synagogue at Thessalonica and three Sabbath days reasoned with the Jews out of the scriptures, "opening and alleging, that Christ must needs have suffered and risen again from the dead; and that this Jesus, whom I preach to you, is Christ" (Acts 17:3). Through this preaching a few of the Jews believed "and of the devout Greeks a great mult.i.tude, and of the chief women not a few." It appears from this account that the church was mostly made up of Gentiles. But through the opposition of the Jews all the city was set in an uproar and Paul was sent away by night to Berea.
+Occasion, Time, and Place of Writing.+--Paul left Thessalonica unwillingly for he had a great affection for his converts in this city. Twice he endeavored to return, but was prevented from doing so (2:17, 18). When he reached Athens (Acts 17:15) he grew so anxious about the church at Thessalonica that he sent Timothy back to see how it prospered (3:1, 2). While Timothy was gone on his mission Paul went on to Corinth (Acts 18:1). Here Timothy found him when he returned with his report of the church (Acts 18:5; 1 Thess. 3:6).
Paul was greatly pleased with what Timothy had to say about the converts. While enduring persecution they were standing fast in the Lord and devoted to their faith in Christ (3:7-13). The report which Timothy brought was the occasion of the first letter to this church.
The time was, in all probability, in the winter of 52-53 A.D., and the place of writing was at Corinth, where Paul remained for over a year and a half (Acts 18:1, 11, 18).
+Contents.+--The first three chapters are of a personal character and show how dear to Paul"s heart were these converts of Thessalonica. They also show the good record made for the short time since they had embraced Christianity. But nothing could be more revolutionary in those days than to become a Christian; therefore Paul takes occasion to correct social, moral, and doctrinal faults and to instruct them more fully in the faith, in Christ, which they professed. In the matter of doctrine Paul mentions Christ as "the Lord," "our Lord" about twenty-five times, showing his belief in and teaching of the Deity of Christ. In regard to Christ"s speedy second coming, of which many seem to have had a lively expectation so that they were troubled when some died lest these had lost their opportunity to see this glorious event, Paul writes to rea.s.sure them that all believers, those who have died and those who are alive at that time, "will enter together and share equally in the blessings of Christ"s heavenly kingdom" (4:13-18). The Epistle closes with exhortations to be joyful, thankful, and prayerful.
+Princ.i.p.al Divisions and Chief Points.+
1. Introduction (1:1-10). Personal address and salutation. Thanksgiving for their faith, love and hope in Jesus Christ and for their conversion.
2. Narrative (2:1-4:12). How the gospel was given and how it was received at Thessalonica. An account of Paul"s care and anxiety for the church. Paul"s prayer for their establishment in the faith of Jesus Christ. Exhortation to abstain as followers of Christ from impurity and fraud; to follow after holiness and brotherly love.
3. Doctrinal (4:13-5:11). The second advent of Christ. The parts which the dead and living will have when Christ shall come again. The uncertainty of the time. The need of constant watchfulness.
4. Practical (5:12-28). Rules for the conduct of the church, its overseers and members. Exhortation to be joyful, prayerful, and thankful. Closing prayer that they may be preserved blameless unto the coming of the Lord Jesus Christ. Greeting and benediction.
THE SECOND EPISTLE TO THE THESSALONIANS
+Occasion, Time, and Place of Writing.+--What Paul wrote about the second coming of Christ, in the First Epistle, seems to have been misunderstood by the church at Thessalonica (1:7-3:11). Then too there was probably a spurious epistle (and this may have occasioned much of the trouble) in circulation, in which Paul is evidently made to declare that the day of Christ is close at hand (2:2). He writes of this false epistle very vigorously that they be not troubled in spirit by a letter, "as from us, as that the day of Christ is at hand." Evidently some were neglecting their work, becoming impatient at the delay in Christ"s coming (3:5, 11, 12) and walking disorderly.
The Epistle opens, with an expression of thanks for the general condition of the church and that it was enduring persecutions and tribulations well (1:2-6). Hence it is evident that some but not all of the church members were out of accord with an earnest sensible faith in Christ.
This Epistle reflects certain conditions which Paul had to meet in his work and shows how he sought to check any defections from right conceptions of true Christian doctrine and life. In the second chapter Paul shows that the "day of Christ" may not speedily come, that certain other things must come to pa.s.s before it is revealed (compare Matthew ch. 24), and that the true Christian way is to stand fast always in the Lord. In thus standing fast every believer will grow in faith and grace.
The duties taught are "courage and faith under persecution and calmness and quiet industry in the presence of the greatest expectations."
The time of writing was probably, a few months after that of the First Epistle, in 53 A.D. The place of writing was Corinth.
+Princ.i.p.al Divisions and Chief Points.+
1. Introduction (1:1-4). Salutation. Thanksgiving for the growth of faith in the Thessalonian church.
2. Doctrinal (1:5-2:17). The great day of the Lord. The Thessalonians seemingly misunderstood Paul"s first letter and he now more fully explains the second advent of Christ. It will be a day of terrible retribution for the unbeliever but one of glory for all who trust in Him. A warning is given not to think the day near at hand. Certain things must first come to pa.s.s; "a falling away," "a man of sin," "signs and lying wonders." Thanksgiving that the Thessalonians have been chosen to salvation through the sanctification of the Spirit.
3. Conclusion (Ch. 3). Paul requests prayer for himself that "the word of the Lord may have free course and be glorified" with him; he also desires that the Lord may direct their "hearts into the love of G.o.d and into the patient waiting for Christ." Paul gives command to discipline the disorderly and that every man earn his own living. Exhortation to be not weary in well doing.
Salutation and benediction.
QUESTIONS
What can be said of epistolary writings; their place and usefulness? Give some reasons for Paul"s writings. What were the qualifications of Paul? How are the Epistles best understood?
What can be said of the four groups and their characteristics?
What is the common plan? What is the supreme purpose? What can be said of the first group of Epistles; First and Second Thessalonians? What is the chief doctrinal point? The First Epistle; what can be said of the founding of the church at Thessalonica? What can be said of the occasion, time, and place of writing? What are the contents? Give the four parts of the princ.i.p.al divisions and chief points. The Second Epistle; what can be said of the occasion, time, and place of writing? Give the three parts of the princ.i.p.al divisions and chief points.
III. PAUL"S WRITINGS
STUDY VIII
THE OLD FAITHS AND THE NEW
SECOND GROUP OF EPISTLES
GALATIANS. FIRST AND SECOND CORINTHIANS. ROMANS.
a.n.a.lYSIS
+Problems of Early Christianity+--The Old Faiths and the New.
The Great Question. The Jewish Faith. The Heathen Faith.
The New Faith in Christ. Practical Bearing upon Present Day Living. The Epistles of this Group.
+The Epistle to the Galatians+--The Galatians. Time of Writing.
Occasion and Purpose. Princ.i.p.al Divisions and Chief Points.
+The Epistles to the Corinthians+--The Church at Corinth. The City of Corinth.
+The First Epistle to the Corinthians+--Occasion and Purpose.
Place and Time. The Supremacy of Christ. Princ.i.p.al Divisions and Chief Points.
+The Second Epistle to the Corinthians+--Occasion and Purpose.
Place and Time. Princ.i.p.al Divisions and Chief Points.
+The Epistle to the Romans+--The Church at Rome. Occasion and Purpose. Place and Time. Central Thought. Princ.i.p.al Divisions and Chief Points.
III. PAUL"S WRITINGS