[note 33], pages 127-134.
[185] ANDREW H. SMITH, "An Artificial Leech," _Medical Record_, volume 4 (1869-70), page 406.
[186] In addition to the references below, articles on artificial leeches include DR. MONTAIN, "Considerations therapeutiques sur l"emploi du pneumo-derme, nouvel instrument destine a remplacer les sangsues et les ventouses," _Bulletin General de therapeutique_, volume 11 (1836), pages 311-315; J. J. TWEED, "A Description of the Apparatus for Employing the Mechanical Leeches," _Medical Times_, volume 21 (1850), pages 36-37; and SAMUEL THEOBALD, "An Improved Method of Applying the Artificial Leech,"
_American Journal of Medical Science_, new series, volume 70 (1875), pages 139-142.
[187] SARLANDIeRE, "Ventouse," _Dictionnaire des sciences medicales_, volume 57 (Paris, 1821), pages 174-178; PAULET, "Bdellometre,"
_Dictionnaire encyclopedique des sciences medicales_, series 1, volume 8 (Paris, 1868), pages 632-633; L. GRESELY, "Dissertation sur les sangsues, le nouveau scarificateur, et sur leur emploi en medecine" (Paris: Faculty of Medicine, 1820), dissertation no. 202.
[188] ROBLEY DUNGLISON, _Medical Lexicon: A New Dictionary of Medical Science_, 3rd edition (Philadelphia, 1842). The bdellometer was listed in later editions of this dictionary throughout the nineteenth century.
[189] DAMOISEAU, _La terabdelle ou machine pneumatique operant a volonte la saignee locale et la revulsion aux princ.i.p.ales regions du corps humains_ (Paris, 1862), 60 pages. See also GAUJOT and SPILLMAN, op. cit.
[note 49], pages 194-195.
[190] L. WECKER, "De la sangsue artificielle (modele du baron Heurteloup), et de son emploi dans le traitment des maladies des yeux." _Bulletin general de therapeutique medicale et chirurgicale_, volume 62 (1862), pages 107-116. For price information, see CASWELL, HAZARD & CO. (W. F.
Ford), _Ill.u.s.trated Catalogue of Surgical Instruments and Appliances_ (New York, 1874), page 18. An example of Heurteloup"s leech as well as a larger, modified Heurteloup"s leech can be found in the collection of the Armed Forces Inst.i.tute of Pathology.
[191] SMITH, op. cit. [note 185], page 406; TIEMANN, op. cit. [note 144], page 116; Patent specifications, U.S. patent 100210. An example of this artificial leech can be found in the collection of the Armed Forces Inst.i.tute of Pathology.
[192] TIEMANN, op. cit. [note 144], page 506.
[193] WILLIAM REESE, "Uterine Leech and Aspirator," _Medical Record_, volume 11 (1876), page 596.
[194] OTTO RAUBENHEIMER, "Leeches--How to Dispense Them," _Journal of the American Pharmaceutical a.s.sociation_, volume 12 (1923), page 339.
THORNDIKE, op. cit. [note 3], page 477, notes that in 1927, leeches still could be had in Boston for 75 apiece. In Cleveland they were still obtainable in the 1950s.
[195] _Dictionnaire usuel de chirurgie et de medicine veterinaire_, 2 volumes (Paris, 1835-36), articles "Ventouses" and "Sangsues."
[196] Ibid., article "Saignee."
[197] _Encyclopedie methodique: Medecine_, volume 9 (Paris, 1816), page 478.
[198] _Dictionnaire usuel_, op. cit. [note 195], volume 2, page 605.
[199] WEISS, op. cit. [note 118], page 100, plate 27.
[200] Patent specifications, U.S. patent 6240.
[201] Patent specifications, U.S. patent 236084.