"Yes."
"So language varies by educational level and geographical region. You can also throw in age, gender, social group, and just about every other demographic feature imaginable."
"Language demonstrates what group you belong to."
"You"ve got it. So the first thing I tried with your poems was linguistic demographic profiling. What does the language tell about the writer? Then I used microa.n.a.lytic techniques to discern in each set of poems an individualized language pattern, what we call an idiolect. Based on all this, I was able to do the authorship a.n.a.lysis you requested, and answer the question: Did the same person write both sets of poetry?"
"Did she?"
"Let me go on. This a.n.a.lysis was especially interesting, since the K K poems were composed by a French native speaker writing in English. As any foreign language teacher knows, you try to speak a second language using the linguistic system you already know, your native tongue. Until you get good, your native language bleeds through into your acquired one." poems were composed by a French native speaker writing in English. As any foreign language teacher knows, you try to speak a second language using the linguistic system you already know, your native tongue. Until you get good, your native language bleeds through into your acquired one."
I thought of my own use of French. "That"s why we have accents. And funny sentence structure. And word choice."
"Exactly. For your a.n.a.lysis, as I worked through all the poems, when I spotted interesting pa.s.sages, I put them up for split-screen comparison. On one side, I placed the poems as they are. On the other side, I altered the poems to reflect what a French speaker may have been trying to communicate in English, but failing because she was incorrectly translating from French, her first language, and using false cognates. If the overall coherence of the poem improved due to my changes, I took that as evidence the writer was perhaps Francophone. Do you want me to take you through some examples?"
"Bottom line."
"It"s pretty obvious that both the K K and and Q Q poems were written by a native French speaker with limited formal schooling in English." poems were written by a native French speaker with limited formal schooling in English."
I felt a hum of excitement.
"Next, I looked for idiosyncratic rhetorical devices common to both the K K and the and the Q Q poetry, and any statistically significant skewing of vocabulary or grammar. You with me?" poetry, and any statistically significant skewing of vocabulary or grammar. You with me?"
"So far."
"Listen to these lines from a K K poem: poem:
"Late in the morning I"m walking in sunshine, awake and aware like I have not been before. A warm glow envelops me and tells all around, "Now I am love!" I can laugh at the univers for he is all mine."
The words rising from my past caused a constriction in my chest. I let Rob go on.
"Now listen to these lines from a Q Q poem: poem:
"Lost in the univers, hiding in shadow, the woman, once young, looks Into the mirror and watches young bones returning to dust.
"In both the K K and the and the Q, Q, the author meters in dactylic hexameter." the author meters in dactylic hexameter."
"The same device Longfellow used for "Evangeline." My friend loved that poem."
"Dactylic hexameter is common in epic poetry. So in itself the similar metering is not particularly meaningful. But of great interest is that throughout these two K K and and Q Q samples, similar samples, similar mistakes mistakes appear consistently. And throughout both, the word "universe" lacks the final appear consistently. And throughout both, the word "universe" lacks the final e. e."
"Univers. The French spelling." The French spelling."
"Oui. Now let"s go back to geography. Your friend was Acadian from New Brunswick. She spent time in the South Carolina Lowcountry. Listen to the t.i.tle poem from the Now let"s go back to geography. Your friend was Acadian from New Brunswick. She spent time in the South Carolina Lowcountry. Listen to the t.i.tle poem from the Q Q book, book, Bones to Ashes. Bones to Ashes."
"What am I listening for?"
"Regional dialect. This Q Q poem contains the motherlode." poem contains the motherlode."
Rob read slowly.
"Laughing, three maidens walk carelessly, making their way to the river.
Hiding behind a great hemlock, one smiles as others pa.s.s unknowing Then with a jump and a cry and a laugh and a hug the girls put their Surprise behind them. The party moves on through the forest primeval In a bright summer they think lasts forever. But not the one ailing.
She travels alone and glides through the shadows; others can not see her.
Her hair the amber of late autumn oak leaves, eyes the pale purple of dayclean.
Mouth a red cherry. Cheeks ruby roses. Young bones going to ashes."
"Same metering," I said.
"What about vocabulary? You"ve spent time in New Brunswick and South Carolina?"
"The phrase "forest primeval" is straight out of Longfellow."
"And refers to Acadia. At least in "Evangeline." What else?"
I looked at my jottings. ""Dayclean" is a Gullah term for dawn. And in the South, "ailing" is colloquial for being ill."
"Exactly. So these two together point to South Carolina."
A poet with ties to Acadia and South Carolina. A poet influenced by Longfellow"s "Evangeline." A Francophone writing in English. Talk about a linguistic fingerprint.
Sweet Jesus. Harry was right. Bones to Ashes Bones to Ashes was written by Evangeline. was written by Evangeline.
A flash fire of anger seared through my brain. Another lie. Or at best an evasion. I couldn"t wait to confront Obeline.
Rob spoke again.
His words sent ice roaring through my veins.
38.
"W AIT." AIT." I I SPOKE WHEN MY LIPS COULD AGAIN FORM WORDS. SPOKE WHEN MY LIPS COULD AGAIN FORM WORDS. "Back up." "Back up."
"OK. I said that a speaker"s mother tongue often comes to the fore when he or she is under stress. Then you"re more likely to use false cognates because emotion is boiling through your native language. It may happen in these lines because of the terrible feelings of viewers, because of the unimaginable yet real images on TV of burning victims leaping to their deaths."
"Read the lines again." It wasn"t possible. Rob couldn"t have said what I thought I"d heard.
Rob repeated what he"d read.
"I see the terror that comes from hateTwo towers fall while men debateOh where is G.o.d? Even brave people, chair, blessed by fire,Jet to death!"
My heart was banging so hard I feared the sound would carry across the line. Rob continued talking, oblivious to the emotions raging inside me.
""Chair, blessed by fire" isn"t very coherent in English, but the medium is poetry, and in poetry the flow of information and the frames of reference elicited are expected to be murky and different than in everyday speech. Except in these lines it is almost everyday speech, at least in French. Chair Chair is flesh. And is flesh. And se jeter, se jeter, here the verb "jet," roughly means "to throw yourself." And here the verb "jet," roughly means "to throw yourself." And blesser blesser means "to injure." In French this verse means "Oh where is G.o.d? Even brave people, flesh wounded by fire, throw themselves to their deaths!"" means "to injure." In French this verse means "Oh where is G.o.d? Even brave people, flesh wounded by fire, throw themselves to their deaths!""
"You"re certain it"s a reference to nine-eleven and the World Trade Center?" Impossibly calm.
"Has to be."
"And you have no doubt the poems in Bones to Ashes Bones to Ashes were written by my friend Evangeline." were written by my friend Evangeline."
"None. Can I finish explaining how I arrived at that conclusion?"
"I have to go now, Rob."
"There"s more."
"I"ll call you."
"You OK?"
I clicked off. I knew it was rude and ungrateful. Knew I would later send flowers or cognac. At that moment I didn"t want more talk.
The poems were all by Evangeline, and some were recent.
Down the hall, a door opened. The argument between Homer and Marge grew louder.
At least one poem was written after September 2001.
The argument concerned a trip to Vermont. Homer wanted to drive. Marge preferred flying.
I sat motionless, paralyzed by the implications of Rob"s findings.
Evangeline was alive in 2001. She had not been murdered decades ago.
Bart and Lisa joined the debate, advocating a motor-home holiday.
Obeline had lied about Evangeline dying in 1972. Why?
Was she truly mistaken? Of course not, she had the poems. She must have known approximately when they were written.
A murmured giggle augered into my musings. I looked up. The room was empty, but a shadow crossed the floor at the doorway.
"Cecile?" I called out softly.
"Can you tell where I am?"
"I think"-I paused, as if unsure-"you"re in the closet."
"Nope." She hopped into the doorway.
"Where is Obeline?"
"Cooking something."
"You"re bilingual, aren"t you, sweetie?"
She looked confused.
"You speak both French and English."
"What does that mean?"
I took another tack.
"Can we chat, just you and me?"
"Oui." She joined me at the table. She joined me at the table.
"You like word games, don"t you?"
She nodded.
"How does it work?"
"Say a word that describes things and I"ll make it round."
"Gros," I said, air-puffing my cheeks. I said, air-puffing my cheeks.