CHAPTER XIII
BRIGADIER GENERAL TEc.u.mSEH (1812-1813)
THE RISE AND FALL OF A STAR
In Vincennes, the white chief, Governor William Henry Harrison, had grown tired of the insults and defiance from the Prophet. He took nine hundred regulars and rangers, to visit the Prophet"s Town, himself, and see what was what.
He camped within a mile of the sacred place, on a timber island of the marshy prairie seven miles north-east of the present city of Lafayette, Indiana. During the darkness and early daylight of November 7, this 1811, he was attacked by the Prophet"s warriors. He roundly whipped them in the hot battle of Tippecanoe.
The Prophet had brewed a kettle of magic, by which (he proclaimed to his warriors) he had made one half of the American army dead, and the other half crazy. During the attack he sat upon a high piece of ground, and howled a song that should keep his warriors invisible and turn the bullets of the white men.
But something was wrong with the kettle, and something was wrong with the song; for the Americans fought hard when surprised, and none seemed to be dead; and of the one thousand Shawnees, Winnebagos, Chippewas, Kickapoos, forty were killed by the bullets and many more wounded.
Of the Americans, thirty-seven were killed and one hundred and fifty-two wounded. They pressed on to the town, and burned it in spite of the Great Spirit.
"You are a liar!" accused a Winnebago, of the Prophet. "You said that the white people were dead or crazy, when they were all in their senses and fought like demons!"
When Tec.u.mseh arrived with his good news, the Indians were scattered.
In his camp the "Prophet" was being hooted at by even the children.
Tec.u.mseh was so enraged with his brother for not having somehow kept the peace until the time for war was ripe, that he seized him by the hair of the head and shook him until his teeth rattled.
To Governor Harrison, Tec.u.mseh announced that he was well-minded for the visit with the President.
"If you go, you must go alone, without any company of warriors,"
replied the governor.
"I am a great chief, and I will not go in such a shameful fashion,"
said Tec.u.mseh. So he went to Canada instead.
Now the game was up. The Prophet had proved to be no prophet from the Great Spirit. The Indians felt cheated, and were not afraid to speak boldly.
Councils were held by twelve tribes, together. Band opposed band. The Delawares, the Miamis, the Kickapoos, most of the Wyandots, were for peace with the Americans, and for letting the British alone. So were the Potawatomis; they accused the Prophet of leading them falsely.
Captain Elliott, the traitor and British agent, threatened to have the Wyandots arrested for their talk.
The band of Canadian Wyandots touched the British war-hatchet; so did Tec.u.mseh and the Prophet. The war between the white people had commenced.
Between-the-logs brought a message to the Canadian Wyandots, from Head Chief Crane, of all the Wyandots. They were to come back to their hunting-grounds.
Round-head of the hostile Wyandots spoke.
"Tell the American commander it is our wish that he should send more men against us. We want to fight in good earnest."
The British agent Captain Elliott spoke. "Tell my wife, your American father, that I want her to cook the provisions for me and my red children more faithfully than she has done. If she wishes to fight with me and my children, she must not burrow in the earth like a ground-hog. She must come out and fight fairly."
Between-the-logs answered valiantly, in behalf of Chief Crane the wise man:
"Brothers! I entreat you to listen to the good talk I have brought.
If you doubt what I have said about the force of the Americans, you can send some of your people to examine it. The truth is, your British father tells you lies and deceives you.
"And now, father, I will bear your message to my American father. You compare the Americans to ground-hogs. I must confess that a ground-hog is a hard animal to fight. He has such sharp teeth, such a stubborn temper, and such unconquerable spirit, that he is truly a dangerous animal, especially when in his own hole. But, father, you will have your wish. Before many days you will see the ground-hog floating on yonder lake, paddling his canoe toward your hole; and then you may attack him to suit yourself!"
This council was held at Brownstown, beside Lake Erie, south of Detroit. n.o.body cared anything about the Prophet--he was no warrior.
But an invitation was sent to Tec.u.mseh, in Canada, across the Detroit River.
"No," he answered. "I have taken sides with the king, my father, and my bones shall bleach upon this sh.o.r.e before I will recross that stream to join in any good words council."
The Wyandots privately told Between-the-logs that the most of them were being held prisoners by the British; but that they accepted the belt from Head Chief Crane, and would return to the Americans as soon as possible. And they did.
Tec.u.mseh, however, had made up his mind. He was an honest enemy.
There never was anything half-way about Tec.u.mseh. His promised army of five thousand warriors had shrunk to less than one hundred; only thirty of these were with him, but he set about getting more.
The Prophet his brother was down at the Fort Wayne agency in Indiana.
"Open Door" had partly explained away his failure in the battle of Tippecanoe. His wife, he said, had touched his medicine and spoiled its power, before the battle, and he had not known.
Tec.u.mseh sent a rider with word for the Prophet to remove all the Indian women and children to the Mississippi, and to bid the warriors strike Vincennes. He himself would join, if he lived, in the country of the Winnebagos--which was Wisconsin.
Delawares, Senecas, Chief Crane"s Wyandots and the majority of the Shawnees themselves refused to rise against the Americans. The other Indians waited for stronger signs. But they did not need to wait long.
Tec.u.mseh"s star became fixed in the sky--he won the first battle of the war and won it for the British. Commanding seventy Indians and forty soldiers he whipped an American force at Brownstown.
In a second battle there, although the Americans were not captured it was Tec.u.mseh again who held his position longest. As reward, he was promoted to brigadier general in the army of the king.
The Americans surrendered Michilimackinac. The American big chief, General Hull, retreated out of Canada.
Runners from Brigadier General Tec.u.mseh spread the news. The Indians waited no longer. The Potawatomis rose, the Miamis rose, the Ottawas and Winnebagos and Kickapoos rose. Sioux of Minnesota and Sacs of Illinois hastened forward. General Tec.u.mseh ruled.
To the Miamis and Winnebagos was a.s.signed the task of taking Fort Harrison near present Terre Haute of Indiana; to the Potawatomis and Ottawas, aided by Tec.u.mseh and some English, was a.s.signed the task of taking Fort Wayne.
But the Shooting Star"s old foe, William Henry Harrison, was out upon the war trail again. He lifted the siege of Fort Wayne. The attack upon Fort Harrison also failed. From now on he and Tec.u.mseh fought their fight, to a finish.
This fall and winter of 1812 Tec.u.mseh traveled once more. From Canada he journeyed south across a thousand miles of forest, prairie and waters clear to the Indians of Georgia, Tennessee and Alabama. He did not now come with word from any Prophet, to make the red people one nation and a better nation.
He came as a British officer, to bid the Southern Indians join the king"s standard, and fight the Americans into the sea while he and the English did the same work in the north.
He distributed bundles of red sticks for them to count--one stick a day. With the last stick, they were to strike.
The Creeks and Cherokees were persuaded, and strike they did. A b.l.o.o.d.y trail they made, which many rains did not wash clean.
Back to the war in the spring of 1813, Tec.u.mseh brought into camp six hundred fresh warriors from the Wabash. Now two thousand fighting men obeyed his orders alone. His command frequently out-numbered the British command. He was not a general in name only; he knew military strategy--"he was an excellent judge of position," admitted the British officers. He was consulted in the war councils.
The British thought much of him; the Americans were obliged to think much about him. But the star of Harrison also was marching on. The two stars came together, in the trail.
Tec.u.mseh with his Indians, and the British General Proctor with his soldiers besieged the troublesome American general at Fort Meigs, near by the battle field of Fallen Timbers. So again the two rival chiefs were face to face.
An American detachment was surprised and captured. The Indians commenced to kill and torture. General Proctor looked on. Tec.u.mseh heard and rushed to the scene. He had given his word to General Harrison, two years ago, and he was furious at the insult to his honor.