HOW HE AND LOGAN STROVE AND DIED
At the last of September a Shawnee scout ran breathless into the Chief Cornstalk town. He brought word that far across the Ohio River, in north-western (now West) Virginia, he and his comrade had met a great column of Long Knives, advancing over the mountains, as if to invade the Indian country. His comrade had been killed. He himself had come back, with the word.
Taking eleven hundred warriors--the pick of the Shawnees, the fighting Delawares, the Wyandots, the Mingo Cayugas and the Mingo Senecas--Chief Cornstalk marched rapidly down to give battle.
There really were two American columns, on their way to destroy the Shawnee and Mingo towns in interior Ohio.
The Division of Northern and Western Virginia, twelve hundred men, had mustered at Fort Pitt (Pittsburg, Pennsylvania), in the territory disputed by Virginia and Pennsylvania. It was under command of Lord Dunmore himself, governor of Virginia for the king of England.
The Division of Southern and Eastern Virginia, fifteen hundred men, had mustered at Lewisburg, West Virginia. It was under command of General Andrew Lewis, a valiant soldier.
The Lord Dunmore division was to march south, the General Lewis division was to march west; the two were to join forces at Point Pleasant, where on the border of West Virginia the Big Kanawha River empties into the n.o.ble Ohio.
Cornstalk moved fast. He had as aides Logan of the Cayugas, Chi-ya-wee of the Wyandots, Scop-pa-thus of the Senecas, young Red Hawk of the fighting Delawares, his own son El-li-nip-si-co--noted chiefs, all.
Among the Shawnee sub-chiefs was Puck-ee-shin-wah, father of a boy named Tec.u.mseh who grew to the greatness of Pontiac.
The General Lewis division had arrived first at the mouth of the Big Kanawha. On the evening of October 9, from the opposite side of the Ohio, Cornstalk"s and Logan"s men sighted them there, in camp.
Fresh news had come to Cornstalk. He had learned of the other division, under Lord Dunmore. He had learned that the column across from him was equal to his own force, and that another detachment of it was hurrying on its trail.
In a council of the chiefs and princ.i.p.al warriors he proposed that he go over, in person, and treat for peace. But all his men voted him down.
"Very well," he replied. "If you are resolved to fight, then fight you shall. We must not delay. It is likely that we shall have hard work tomorrow, but if any warrior attempts to run away, I will kill him with my own hand."
This night the warriors ferried the Ohio, above the camp, by means of seventy-eight rafts. They worked hard, and formed for battle at daybreak.
"We will make a line behind the Long Knives," ordered Cornstalk, "and drive them forward like bullocks into the two rivers."
Most of the Virginians were asleep in their tents, when, before sunrise, two of their hunters, seeking deer for breakfast, found the Indian army, already in battle array, and covering, as one of the hunters excitedly reported, "four acres of ground."
But these Virginians were no fools. Of the eleven hundred here, wellnigh every man had been a buckskin borderer, deadly with rifle, tomahawk and knife, and up to all Indian tricks. They were fairly drilled, too, as militia. A number of the officers had fought under Major George Washington, when on the fatal Braddock"s Field, in 1755, the American Rangers had tried to save the day from the French, and from Pontiac"s whooping warriors.
They all had marched for five weeks across one hundred and sixty miles of trackless mountain country, driving their pack-horses and their herds of beef cattle; now they rallied briskly to save their lives. It was nip and tuck.
From before sunrise until sunset raged the great battle of Point Pleasant, or the Big Kanawha. It was the first pitched battle between simon-pure Americans--but the Revolution was near and after this the Americans were to do their own fighting.
The lines were over a mile long, rarely more than twenty yards apart, frequently less than six yards apart, and sometimes mingling. The armies were equal.
Both sides fought Indian fashion, from behind trees and brush. Rifle met rifle, tomahawk met tomahawk, knife met knife. The air was filled with whoops and cheers. Able chiefs faced able chiefs--on the white American side there were leaders who soon became more famous in the Revolution and in the history of the new nation.
It was a long-famous battle. A ballad written upon it was frequently sung, on the frontier:
Let us mind the tenth day of October, Seventy-four, which caused woe; The Indian savages they did cover The pleasant banks of the O-hi-o.
The battle beginning in the morning, Throughout the day it lashed sore, Till the evening shades they were returning Upon the banks of the O-hi-o.
Seven score lay dead and wounded.
Of champions that did face their foe, By which the heathens were confounded, Upon the banks of the O-hi-o.
Col. Lewis and n.o.ble captains Did down to death like Uriah go.
Alas, their heads wound up in napkins, Upon the banks of the O-hi-o.
O bless the mighty King of Heaven For all his wondrous works below, Who hath to us the victory given, Upon the banks of the O-hi-o.
Logan was seen here, there, everywhere. So was Cornstalk. His mighty voice was heard above the din, like the voice of old Annawan when King Philip had been surprised. "Be strong! Be strong!" he appealed to his warriors. With his tomahawk he struck down a skulker. That had been his promise, in the council.
All this October day the battle continued. In single encounters, man to man, valorous deeds were done.
Cornstalk proved himself a worthy general. When his line bent back, before the discipline of the Long Knives, it was only to form an ambush, and then the whites were bent back. He had early placed his warriors across the base of the point, so that they held the whites in the angle of the two rivers. They dragged logs and brush to position, as breast-works. "We will drive the Long Knives into the rivers like so many bullocks."
That was not to be. Two of General Lewis"s colonels had fallen; the Indian fire was very severe and accurate; but after vainly trying to feel out the end of the red line, the general at last succeeded, toward evening, in sending a company around.
Chief Cornstalk thought that this company, appearing in his rear, was the absent part of the division. Lest he be caught between two fires, he swung about and skillfully withdrew.
The battle slackened, at dusk. This night he safely removed his army across the Ohio again, that they might avoid the Lord Dunmore division and protect their towns in Ohio.
Nearly all the Indian bodies found, and nearly all the Virginians killed and wounded, were shot in the head or the breast. That was the marksmanship and the kind of fighting!
The Long Knives lost seventy-five men killed and one hundred and fifty wounded. They lost two great chiefs: Colonel Charles Lewis, the brother of the general, and Colonel John Field--both Braddock men; six captains and as many lieutenants were killed, also.
The Indians said that had they known how to clean their rifles, they would have done better. Cornstalk and Logan lost the sub-chief Puck-ee-shin-wah, but only forty or fifty others in killed and wounded.
But when they hastened for their towns they found them in danger from the Lord Dunmore column.
Governor Dunmore sent Chief White-eyes, of the Delawares, who had not joined in the war, to ask Chief Cornstalk for a talk. Chief White-eyes returned with no answer, for the Cornstalk chiefs were in bitter council.
Cornstalk addressed them:
"You would not make peace before Point Pleasant; what is your voice now, when the Long Knives are pressing on in two columns?"
There was no reply.
"We cannot save our villages," he continued. "If your voice is for war, let us first kill our women and children. Then let us warriors go out and fight like men until we, too, are killed."
Still no reply. Cornstalk dashed his hatchet into the council post.
"You act like children," he thundered. "I will go and make peace, myself."
And leaving his hatchet sticking in the post, go he did.
Logan had not been here. He was away, down in Virginia, scouting with his Mingos, and delivering his note to Captain Cresap. On October 21 he arrived with scalps.
He refused to meet the governor.
"Tell the governor that I am a warrior, not a councillor," he bade.
His sore heart was not yet healed. His Mingos were for war. The Revolution was brewing, and Governor Dunmore was anxious to be about his own affairs. So he sought out Logan with two messengers, Scout Simon Girty, and Trader John Gibson, who spoke the Mingo tongue. They returned with Logan"s stubborn answer, written out by John Gibson: