E 12 H 122 V 1222 U 112 J 1122
C 121 Q 1211 M 1221 P 1212 W 1121
T 2 A 22 D 222 Z 2222
O 21 R 211 L 221 G 2211 F 2221
S 212 X 2122 B 2112 K 2121
Numerals 1 1111 2 2222 3 1112 4 2221 5 1122 6 2211 7 1222 8 2111 9 1221 0 2112
Conventional signals
End of word, 3 End of sentence, 33 End of message, 333 I understand, A.A. 3 Cease signalling, A.A.A. 333 Repeat last word, C.C. 3 Repeat last message, C.C.C. 3 I have made an error, E.E. 3
WIG-WAG RULES
1. The boy should face the person to whom he is signalling, and should hold the flag-staff vertically in front of the centre of his body, with the b.u.t.t at the height of his waist.
2. The motion represented by the Figure 1 is made by waving the flag down to the right; 2, by waving it down to the left; and 3, by waving it down in front of the sender. (Page 188)
3. Each motion should embrace an arc of ninety degrees, starting from and returning to the vertical without a pause.
4. When two or more motions are required to make a letter, there should be no pause between the motions.
5. At the end of each letter there should be a slight pause at the vertical.
6. At the end of each word, one front motion (3) should be made; at the end of a sentence, two fronts (33); and at the end of a message, three fronts (333).
7. To call a boat, signal the initial letter of her name until answered.
To answer a call, signal A.A. 3 (I understand).
8. If the sender makes an error he should immediately signal E.E. 3 (I have made an error), and resume the message, beginning with the last word sent correctly.
9. If the receiver does not understand a signal he should signal C.C. 3 (Repeat last word); the sender should then repeat the last word and proceed with the message.
EXAMINATIONS USED BY THE U. S. V. L. S. C., CAMP BECKET Y. Y. C. A.
AUXILIARY CORPS, AUGUST 24, 1910
A-Boat Work--10 Points 1. With what knot should you tie a boat?
2. Define amidships, thole-pin[1], painter[2].
3. Define port, starboard, aft.
4. Explain briefly a rescue from the bow.
5. Explain briefly a rescue from the stern.
[Transcriber"s Footnote 1: thole-pin: Pairs of wooden pegs set in the gunwales as an oarlock.]
[Transcriber"s Footnote 2: painter: Rope attached to the bow for tying up when docking or towing.]
B-Water Work--10 Points 1. Describe breakaway Number 3.
2. "Before jumping into water for rescue, be sure to do-" what?
3. Give two ways to locate a body.
4. If you are seized and cannot break away, what should you do?
5. "If in a strong outsetting tide, it is advisable when rescuing to-" do what?
C--General First Aid--10 Points 1. How and where do you apply a tourniquet?
2. Give the treatment for fainting.
3. Give the treatment for sun-stroke.
4. Give the treatment for wounds.
5. Give the treatment for and symptoms of shock.
D-Wig-Wag--10 points Translate into code "Go send them help quick."
Translate into English "1121-12-3-1121-22-11-2-3-22-3-2112-21-22-2-333."
E-Write an essay on general methods, precautions, etc., for rescuing.
-- 20 Points
F-Write an essay on how you would restore an apparently drowned man to consciousness.--20 Points
G-Practical First Aid (Make appointment with the doctor.)
GENERAL HINTS
Kick!
If you work your hands like paddles and kick your feet, you can stay above water for several hours, even with your clothes on. It requires a little courage and enough strength of mind not to lose your head.
Cramps
Many boy swimmers make the mistake of going into the water too soon after eating. The stomach and digestive organs are busy preparing the food for the blood and body. Suddenly they are called upon to care for the work of the swimmer. The change is too quick for the organs, the process of digestion stops. Congestion is apt to follow, and then the paralyzing cramps.
Indian Method
The Indians have a method of protecting themselves from cramps. Coming to a bathing pool, an Indian swimmer, after stripping off and before entering the water, vigorously rubs the pit of his stomach with the dry palms of his hands. This rubbing probably takes a minute; then he dashes cold water all over his stomach and continues the rubbing for another minute, and after that he is ready for his plunge. If the water in which you are going to swim is cold, try this Indian method of getting ready before plunging into the water.
Rule
The rule for entering the water, in most camps, is as follows: "No one of the party shall enter the water for swimming or bathing except at time and place designated." Laxity in the observance of this rule will result disastrously.
RESCUE FROM DROWNING
[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 1]
Rescue
To rescue a drowning person from the water, always try to pull him out with an oar, a rope, a coat (holding the end of one sleeve and throwing him the other), or some other convenient object. If you are obliged to jump in after him, approach him with great caution, throw your left arm around his neck with his back to your side (Figure 1), in which position he can"t grapple you, and swim with your legs and right arm. If he should succeed in grasping you, take a long breath, sink with him, place your feet or knees against his body, and push yourself free.
[Ill.u.s.tration: Fig. 2]