George Stephenson was full of suggestions. He pointed out the kind of rails that ought to be used: cast-iron rails were the cheapest, he said, but they could not be relied on, as they often snapped when a heavy load pa.s.sed over them; and, though he himself was a maker of cast-iron metals, he recommended that another kind, called "malleable," should be used. Malleable metal is much tougher than ordinary cast, because, after being poured into the moulds, it is only allowed to cool very slowly, and is not exposed to the air until quite cold. But as the expense of using malleable rails only would be very great, Mr. Pease and his friends decided to use both kinds of rails.
Another of George Stephenson"s suggestions was more than even Mr. Pease could seriously entertain. In a private conversation the young man strongly urged that locomotives should be used to drag the coal-trucks instead of horses!
"If you will only come to Killingworth," said he, "I will show you an engine I made and have been driving in the colliery yard for more than ten years. It is forty times as strong as a horse, and cheaper in the end."
Mr. Pease kindly promised that he would accept this invitation some day, but nothing had been said about locomotives in the Act of Parliament, and for the time being things must go on as they were.
The first rail was laid on May 23rd, 1822, and the whole twelve miles of line were ready for traffic, on September 27th, 1825. Three years doing twelve miles! That does not seem very fast, but we must remember that there were rivers to be spanned, and hills to be cut through, and valleys to be crossed by high embankments. And George Stephenson had progressed very much more than twelve miles in these three years. He had taken Mr. Pease to Killingworth, and shown him his engine; he had convinced him it would travel even faster than a horse, and drag a heavier load behind it; and he had won a promise that the railroad between Darlington and Stockton should be opened with a locomotive driven by steam, though he was made to understand that it was only an experiment, and no one really expected it to succeed.
On September 27th, therefore, in 1825, crowds of people streamed along the country roads in the direction of Brusselton, nine miles from Darlington, to see the beginning of this strange experiment. Some were interested, most were inclined to laugh, and many had come with the secret hope of seeing this "ridiculous engine" blown into a thousand pieces.
At the bottom of a slope the monster stood, puffing and hissing with impatience to show these unbelieving people how mistaken they were. It was a strange-looking machine, quite unlike any of the giants that we know. A large boiler lay full length between four ornamental iron wheels. Out of the front end of the boiler rose a tall and ugly stove-pipe, while _over_ the boiler was a confused collection of rods and levers communicating with the crank of the big wheels. It was called the "Locomotion." George Stephenson stood ready to drive it as soon as the trucks, which a stationary engine was lowering down the slope by means of a wire rope, had been attached to it. In the first of these trucks came the Directors of the Railway Company and their friends, followed by twenty-one trucks (all open to the sky, like ordinary goods-trucks), loaded with various pa.s.sengers, and finally six more waggons of coal. Such was the first train. A man on horseback, carrying a flag, having taken up his position in front of the "Locomotion" to head the procession, the starting word was given, and with a hiss of steam, half drowned in the shouting of the crowd, the first railway journey ever made in England was begun.
The man on horseback probably stepped aside before Stockton was reached, for, to the astonishment of everybody, George Stephenson"s engine insisted now and then on travelling at the giddy speed of twelve miles an hour, though it was sufficiently modest to do most of the distance at a slower rate. Many trains have travelled since at over seventy miles an hour, and a good many in England do long distances every day at an average speed of well over fifty miles an hour.
When the train steamed into Stockton the number of pa.s.sengers had greatly increased; they had seized hold of pa.s.sing carriages, and secured a foothold as best they could.
After that the "Locomotion" had a distinguished career. Twenty years later it had the honour of opening the railway from Middlesborough to Redcar, and to-day it stands in state on a pedestal in the Bank Top Station at Darlington.
When Parliament gave permission for Mr. Pease"s railway, it was ordered that any one should have the use of it who liked to pay for the privilege. Consequently there were soon large numbers who were glad to avail themselves of the opportunity. Carriers fitted suitable wheels to their carts, and drove their horses up and down it, while stage-coach owners offered travellers an easy and comfortable journey on the smooth metals. When we remember that it was only a single line, with side openings every quarter of a mile, we can easily understand that there were frequent quarrels when two vehicles met half-way. Sometimes one of the opponents would be a puffing engine, and if it happened to be dragging a load of coal, back it had to go until the siding was reached, that the plodding horse might pa.s.s. To us such a state of things is hard to imagine, but the railway and it possibilities were not thoroughly understood at first. Even George Stephenson did not think it would be very suitable for pa.s.senger traffic.
At last the confusion was put an end to by the Company taking entire command of the line, and turning the quarrelsome compet.i.tors off it.
Then prosperity came.
The twelve miles of railway laid down by George Stevenson has grown to over twenty thousand miles, making about two hundred and fifty miles every year for eighty years. It is pleasant to know that both Mr. Pease and his engineer lived to see more than their greatest dreams realised.
JOHN LEA.
[Ill.u.s.tration: The first Railway Journey in England.]
[Ill.u.s.tration: ""What is the matter?" I asked him."]
ROUND THE CAMP-FIRE.
By HAROLD ERICSON.
III.--IN THE JAWS OF DEATH.
[Ill.u.s.tration]
"A tiger is my subject to-night," said Ralph Denison, when his turn came round again, "since you said you liked my adventure among the lion-whelps. I don"t know exactly why, but I would always rather deal with a lion than with a tiger; he seems somehow to appeal to me, as a fellow-sportsman, more than a tiger does."
"Hear, hear," Vandeleur chimed in; "I quite agree."
"Though, mind you," Ralph continued, "I think the tiger is quite as plucky, taking him all round."
"As a rule, yes," said Vandeleur; "but I have known lions attack a human camp at night, and I don"t fancy any tiger would do that, so long as there was a fire burning."
"Nor a lion either," laughed Ralph.
"Excuse me, I have known them do it," said Vandeleur; "and I will tell you about it one of these evenings."
"Get on with your story, Ralph," growled Bobby; "arguments are against the rules."
Ralph laughed, and proceeded.
I was in India at the time (he said), and stationed at Fuzzanpore, pretty dull and longing for a change or some sort of excitement to relieve the monotony of my work, when a letter came from a great friend of mine, Charlie Eccles, who sent me an invitation which made my mouth water.
"I"m going on a month"s leave," Charlie wrote, "shooting; the sport will be mostly snipe and other small game, but there"s a chance of tigers.
Now, I know you are a busy man---- "
Bobby laughed rudely when Ralph quoted these words. "I say, Ralph, your friend couldn"t really have written that," he said. "_You_ a busy man! I can"t imagine you ever doing any work!"
Ralph looked offended. "I should like you to be aware," he observed, with much majesty, "that before my uncle left me the income which I now enjoy, I worked very hard indeed as a tea-planter."
"Sorry," laughed Bobby--"my mistake. You don"t look like a chap who has been overworked; does he, Vandeleur?"
Ralph ignored the jest, and continued his quotation. "I know you are a busy man," he repeated, "but if you could spare the time, and would join me, we should have a rare old time. Start next Friday, and be at Malabad, where I shall meet you, on Monday. Bring as many cartridges as you can lay hands upon, for we shall have plenty of snipe and partridge, whether we come across big game or no." Charlie then gave me a list of the dak bungalows at which he might be found at certain dates, in case I should not be able to start upon the day indicated. I meant to start on the Friday as he had suggested, but some of our native workmen went wrong--there was a kind of little mutiny--and I was delayed nearly a week, a.s.sisting my partner to arrange matters. When this had been satisfactorily settled, I collected my sporting traps and started, making for the bungalow at which Charlie had intended to put up on the sixth day of his trip.
When I reached my destination, which was a dak bungalow, or little house built by the Government for the accommodation of Britishers travelling by road between towns which are too far apart to be reached within the day"s journey, I found Charlie Eccles was not yet at home. The two servants left in charge at the bungalow reported that he had gone tiger-hunting, a "bad" tiger having been reported in the district, by which was meant a man-eater--a beast which had killed and eaten a native postman and others, and which Charlie, on his arrival, had been implored to destroy.
The native shikaris or hunters were absent with my friend, I therefore did the best thing possible under the circ.u.mstances--I ordered my lunch, and sat down to enjoy it.
It was very hot, and I think I had fallen asleep over the cup of coffee which the servant set before me after my meal, when I was awakened by a sudden uproar from outside, and, starting up, I went out to see what was happening. Down the road I saw several straggling natives--every one of them was running, and every one of them was shouting or crying or blubbering, or what not.
I walked towards them; as yet I had not thought of possible disaster. I met the first man, apparently a beater, for he carried a kind of native drum for striking in the jungle when the tiger is to be moved, and set afoot for the benefit of the sportsman. "What is the matter?" I asked him. "What are you and these other fellows howling for?"
The man salaamed, and a.s.sumed an expression of the greatest misery. "The sahib!" he exclaimed; "the poor sahib--the bad tiger. Alas! how terrible are the misfortunes that happen in the world!"
"Which sahib? is it Sahib Eccles you speak of? What has happened? Stop blubbering, fool, and tell me plainly!"
"He is eaten, sahib--killed and eaten; here comes the chief shikari with the sahib"s own rifle--let him tell you."
The shikari came flying down the road; he saw me and stopped, salaaming very low. "Benefactor of the people!" he exclaimed. "Protector of the poor! there has been a calamity, sahib; though you have come too late, I thank the G.o.ds that you are here--you can at least find and slay the accursed beast. Oh, miserable man that I am! My good master, Sahib Eccles! so young and so brave, and to die in the teeth of such a beast!
oh, woe! woe!"
My heart stood still. Did I dream, or were these men really telling me the dreadful news that poor Charlie had been killed by a tiger?
I could scarcely speak, but I contrived to return to the verandah of the bungalow and to sink upon a chair. The shikari had followed me to the house, lamenting aloud.
"Stop!" I said, angrily. "Now tell me plainly what has happened."
The man began his tale. It was to have been a battue, he explained.