PEEPS INTO NATURE"S NURSERIES.
VII.--SOME CURIOUS NURSERIES.
You will find--many of you have found already--that the longer you pursue the study of Natural History the more fascinating it seems to become. Now, a part of this fascination is certainly to be traced to the fact that the unsuspected is always happening; and this, too, happens even to those who have studied nature"s ways long enough to know that what we call the "rules of nature" are always subject to exceptions.
That is to say, we know that it would be wrong to suppose that, after we have traced out the life-history of any particular creature, we have the key to the life-history of _all_ its near relatives.
For example, you will remember that not long ago we described the complicated history of the starfish, sea-urchins, and sea-cuc.u.mbers.
Strange and different as were the changes which these creatures pa.s.sed through when young, we agreed that they were all cast by their parents adrift into the great world while yet so tiny as to require a microscope to see them; and each mother sent forth her young in this defenceless state by the thousand, so that, as a natural consequence, perhaps not more than a dozen of each family survived. But there is one species of sea-urchin which appears to a.s.sume some sort of responsibility and tender care for her young ones. This is the Hemiaster sea-urchin. She lays but a few eggs, and these she jealously guards in a number of pouches on her back. Here they hatch, and in due time become young sea-urchins (fig. 2). One of the starfish, again, carries its young on its back under a wonderful tent stretched across the tips of specially constructed spines; and, in order that water may constantly reach her family, the roof of this tent is pierced with holes! Even the unsightly sea-cuc.u.mber, or sea-slug, is not to be outdone. In what are known as the "plated" sea-slugs--so called from the overlapping stony plate borne on the back--the young are housed in a nursery on the back of the mother, the plate referred to serving as a roof (see fig. 1). In another of the sea-slugs the young cling to the skin of the mother until they are big enough to shift for themselves.
In all these cases, you will notice, the extraordinary forms taken by their unprotected relatives during early life are dispensed with. The reason of this is clear after a moment"s reflection. The peculiar shapes which we described earlier are so many special devices designed to aid the young in gaining a living until their full-grown shape has been developed. But when these are specially sheltered in nurseries, they have nothing to do but grow, for their food is brought to them.
The higher we search in the scale of animal life, the more numerous and striking become the instances of the love and care shown by parents for their children. Among the fishes and the frogs and toads, for example, there are such wonderful instances of this that we must deal with each of these groups separately.
When we come to birds and mammals, we find it hard indeed to select instances, because, with but few exceptions, these creatures are most exemplary parents. Let us take, by way of example, one or two cases among the mammals.
The ponderous hippopotamus carries her young one on her back when swimming, to save it from the jaws of the hungry crocodile. Some of the opossum family are remarkable for devotion to their young: one species, for example, though considerably smaller than a cat, cheerfully carries her large family about on her back, though each of them is as large as a full-grown rat! They maintain themselves in perfect safety, while the mother climbs about the trees, by twisting their long tails around hers, which is purposely turned forward over her back after the fashion shown in our ill.u.s.tration (fig. 4). Bats, again, undertake what almost seem impossible burdens, for the mother, though she has to obtain all her food when on the wing, refuses to leave her young one, as would seem but natural, in some place of safety, but carries it with her wherever she goes. The little mite clings tightly to the soft fur of the under side of the body (fig. 5). In some cases as many as four baby bats are carried in this way at a time!
[Ill.u.s.tration: Fig. 1.--Sea-slug, with young.]
[Ill.u.s.tration: Fig. 2.--Sea-urchin, with young.]
[Ill.u.s.tration: Fig. 3.--Australian Bear, with young one.]
[Ill.u.s.tration: Fig. 4.--Opossum, with young.]
[Ill.u.s.tration: Fig. 5.--Bat, resting, with young.]
The curious Koala, or native "bear" of Australia, carries her young on her back (fig. 3), and apparently without serious inconvenience, though she has to make her way about the topmost boughs of the giant gum-trees.
Finally, we must refer to the kangaroo, which carries its young in a special pouch, too well known to need description here. The point to which we would direct attention is the burden which all these animals are willing to bear for the sake of their young ones.
W. P. PYCRAFT, F.Z.S., A.L.S.
[Ill.u.s.tration: "I was received with joy."]
ROUND THE CAMP-FIRE.
V.--SAVED FROM THE MATABELES.
(_Continued from page_ 195.)
I looked at Umkopo in astonishment. What did he mean by that, die? Did he think that by his presence with us we should gain so much in strength that we should now beat off the enemy?
Umkopo laughed again. "You shall see," he said"; I am the White Witch; that which I say will be obeyed."
manner of Umkopo, though his words sounded no better than conceited nonsense.
"Do you mean to go among them?" I asked; "I warn you, Umkopo, it is a dangerous thing to do. They may kill you."
"Kill me--these children?" he said, with scorn; "you shall see."
He strode straight away, with these words, towards the Matabele hosts.
"Stop, Umkopo," I cried after him; "you are unarmed--take a rifle, at least, or a pistol."
"Give me a pistol," said he, stopping a moment to think; "a lion may show his teeth when a hyena yelps, that is no shame."
I gave him a loaded revolver. "What do you mean to do or say?" I asked.
"I will say "go away," and they will go," he laughed; "I will say "dare not threaten those who are of my race--I am the White Witch.""
"But if they refuse to obey?" I asked.
Umkopo gave me a glance brimful of haughty contempt. "You speak foolishness," he said. With which he strode away towards the Matabele fellows.
Well, I watched him with some interest and anxiety, as you will readily believe. The Kaffirs, too, watched him in fear and trembling.
"I have heard of the White Witch," d.i.c.ky muttered. "The Matabeles are like his children, so men say."
Umkopo went among the indunas who squatted in front of the regiment and sat down with them. We could see that there was excitement among the black warriors when he was seen and recognised. We could even catch occasional exclamations, when loudly uttered. These mostly consisted of the one word, Umkopo. Men seemed to be going from group to group conveying the news that the White Witch had appeared.
The indunas and their visitor rose to their feet, presently, having, I suppose, concluded their arguments, but one man seemed still to be engaged in heated conversation with Umkopo. Suddenly a shot rang out, and the man fell.
With one accord the Matabele hosts sprang to their feet; they gazed for a moment at Umkopo, who seemed to give some order in raised tones, his arms outstretched. Almost instantly the entire regiment turned their faces and began to depart. First they walked, then ambled, then gradually they formed into lines and trotted in their former rhythmical fashion. In five minutes all were out of sight, Umkopo alone being left upon the field of battle--he and the dead induna.
Umkopo returned slowly towards my waggon; his dignity--"_side_" would be a more exact description--was indescribable; at any other moment it would have been actually amusing, but at this crisis I had no room for any feeling excepting one of deep grat.i.tude, mingled with amazement. The lad had certainly saved us from immediate destruction--how in the world had he done it?
I met him and we shook hands. "Umkopo, you are a wonderful fellow," I said, most sincerely; "how did you do it?--what did you say?--what is the meaning of it?"
"The meaning?" he repeated. "The meaning is that I am Umkopo; let him disobey me who dares. There are few of the Matabeles who dare. One there was; I knew him before, the induna Gongula: he was jealous of Umkopo; he dared not once, not twice, only to speak in my face--see where he lies; the rest have gone; they will not return."
"But why do they obey--what is your power over them?" I asked, in genuine surprise; "I do not understand."
"Bah!" he said, "what matters? You are alive and not dead; that is better than to understand. I am the White Witch--it is enough!"
"No, it is not enough," said I. "You have saved our lives, Umkopo; you have saved mine a second time to-day; how shall I repay you?"
"Bah! we are friends, that is enough. Where do you go? To your death, that is certain, unless I know in time."
"I go to Gadsby"s farm--a day"s journey north and west," said I. "Is the country clear between?"