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Teachers and parents owe a greater debt of grat.i.tude to Joseph Jacobs than to any other modern student of folklore. He was born in Australia in 1854, spent most of his life in scholarly pursuits in England, and died in America in 1916. In his six volumes of English, Celtic, Indian, and European fairy tales he gave the world versions of its best known and most representative folk stories in a form suited to children while remaining true in all essentials to the original oral versions of the folk. This combination of scientific accuracy and literary workmanship is very rare. In the introductions and notes to these various volumes may be found a wealth of information which the general reader can understand without the necessity of special training in the science of folklore. And best of all, these volumes can be had at prices that are comparatively cheap.
The following story of "Henny-Penny" is given in the fine version by Joseph Jacobs in his _English Fairy Tales_. He heard it as a child in Australia and he thinks "the fun consists in the avoidance of all p.r.o.nouns, which results in jawbreaking sentences." This story is also very familiar in the Halliwell version called "Chicken-Licken," and there are numerous European parallels.
HENNY-PENNY
One day Henny-penny was picking up corn in the cornyard when--whack!--something hit her upon the head. "Goodness gracious me!"
said Henny-penny; "the sky"s a-going to fall; I must go and tell the king."
So she went along, and she went along, and she went along till she met c.o.c.ky-locky. "Where are you going, Henny-penny?" says c.o.c.ky-locky. "Oh!
I"m going to tell the king the sky"s a-falling," says Henny-penny. "May I come with you?" says c.o.c.ky-locky. "Certainly," says Henny-penny. So Henny-penny and c.o.c.ky-locky went to tell the king the sky was a-falling.
They went along, and they went along, and they went along, till they met Ducky-daddles. "Where are you going to, Henny-penny and c.o.c.ky-locky?"
says Ducky-daddles. "Oh! we"re going to tell the king the sky"s a-falling," said Henny-penny and c.o.c.ky-locky. "May I come with you?"
says Ducky-daddles. "Certainly," said Henny-penny and c.o.c.ky-locky. So Henny-penny, c.o.c.ky-locky, and Ducky-daddles went to tell the king the sky was a-falling.
So they went along, and they went along, and they went along, till they met Goosey-poosey. "Where are you going to, Henny-penny, c.o.c.ky-locky, and Ducky-daddles?" said Goosey-poosey. "Oh! we"re going to tell the king the sky"s a-falling," said Henny-penny and c.o.c.ky-locky and Ducky-daddles. "May I come with you?" said Goosey-poosey. "Certainly,"
said Henny-penny, c.o.c.ky-locky, and Ducky-daddles. So Henny-penny, c.o.c.ky-locky, Ducky-daddles, and Goosey-poosey went to tell the king the sky was a-falling.
So they went along, and they went along, and they went along, till they met Turkey-lurkey. "Where are you going, Henny-penny, c.o.c.ky-locky, Ducky-daddles, and Goosey-poosey?" says Turkey-lurkey. "Oh! we"re going to tell the king the sky"s a-falling," said Henny-penny, c.o.c.ky-locky, Ducky-daddles, and Goosey-poosey. "May I come with you, Henny-penny, c.o.c.ky-locky, Ducky-daddles, and Goosey-poosey?" said Turkey-lurkey. "Oh, certainly, Turkey-lurkey," said Henny-penny, c.o.c.ky-locky, Ducky-daddles, and Goosey-poosey. So Henny-penny, c.o.c.ky-locky, Ducky-daddles, Goosey-poosey, and Turkey-lurkey all went to tell the king the sky was a-falling.
So they went along, and they went along, and they went along, till they met Foxy-woxy, and Foxy-woxy said to Henny-penny, c.o.c.ky-locky, Ducky-daddles, Goosey-poosey, and Turkey-lurkey: "Where are you going, Henny-penny, c.o.c.ky-locky, Ducky-daddles, Goosey-poosey, and Turkey-lurkey?" And Henny-penny, c.o.c.ky-locky, Ducky-daddles, Goosey-poosey, and Turkey-lurkey said to Foxy-woxy: "We"re going to tell the king the sky"s a-falling." "Oh! but this is not the way to the king, Henny-penny, c.o.c.ky-locky, Ducky-daddles, Goosey-poosey, and Turkey-lurkey," says Foxy-woxy; "I know the proper way; shall I show it you?" "Oh, certainly, Foxy-woxy," said Henny-Penny, c.o.c.ky-locky, Ducky-daddles, Goosey-poosey, and Turkey-lurkey. So Henny-penny, c.o.c.ky-locky, Ducky-daddles, Goosey-poosey, Turkey-lurkey, and Foxy-woxy all went to tell the king the sky was a-falling.
So they went along, and they went along, and they went along, till they came to a narrow and dark hole. Now this was the door of Foxy-woxy"s cave. But Foxy-woxy said to Henny-penny, c.o.c.ky-locky, Ducky-daddles, Goosey-poosey, and Turkey-lurkey: "This is the short way to the king"s palace; you"ll soon get there if you follow me. I will go first and you come after, Henny-Penny, c.o.c.ky-locky, Ducky-daddles, Goosey-poosey, and Turkey-lurkey." "Why of course, certainly, without doubt, why not?" said Henny-penny, c.o.c.ky-locky, Ducky-daddles, Goosey-poosey, and Turkey-lurkey.
So Foxy-woxy went into his cave, and he didn"t go very far, but turned round to wait for Henny-penny, c.o.c.ky-locky, Ducky-daddles, Goosey-poosey, and Turkey-lurkey. So at last at first Turkey-lurkey went through the dark hole into the cave. He hadn"t got far when "Hrumph,"
Foxy-woxy snapped off Turkey-lurkey"s head and threw his body over his left shoulder. Then Goosey-poosey went in, and "Hrumph," off went her head and Goosey-poosey was thrown beside Turkey-lurkey. Then Ducky-daddles waddled down, and "Hrumph," snapped Foxy-woxy, and Ducky-daddles" head was off and Ducky-daddles was thrown alongside Turkey-lurkey and Goosey-poosey. Then c.o.c.ky-locky strutted down into the cave, and he hadn"t gone far when "Snap, Hrumph!" went Foxy-woxy and c.o.c.ky-locky was thrown alongside of Turkey-lurkey, Goosey-poosey, and Ducky-daddles.
But Foxy-woxy had made two bites at c.o.c.ky-locky, and when the first snap only hurt c.o.c.ky-locky, but didn"t kill him, he called out to Henny-penny. But she turned tail and off she ran home, so she never told the king the sky was a-falling.
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The favorite story of "Teeny-Tiny" is taken from Halliwell, who obtained it from oral tradition, and by whom it was, apparently, first put into print. "This simple tale," he says, "seldom fails to rivet the attention of children, especially if well told. The last two words should be said loudly with a start." Many modern story-tellers seem to prefer modified forms of this story, presumably owing to a feeling on their part that the bone and the churchyard have gruesome suggestions. Carolyn S. Bailey gives one of the best of these modified forms in her _Firelight Stories_, where the woman goes into a field instead of the churchyard, finds a hen at the foot of a tree, thinks this is a chance to have an egg for her breakfast, puts the hen in her reticule, goes home, puts the hen in her cupboard, and goes upstairs to take a nap. Of course the "teeny-tiny" goes in at every point.
Subst.i.tuting "hen" for "bone," the story continues substantially as given below.
TEENY-TINY
Once upon a time there was a teeny-tiny woman lived in a teeny-tiny house in a teeny-tiny village. Now, one day this teeny-tiny woman put on her teeny-tiny bonnet, and went out of her teeny-tiny house to take a teeny-tiny walk. And when this teeny-tiny woman had gone a teeny-tiny way, she came to a teeny-tiny gate; so the teeny-tiny woman opened the teeny-tiny gate, and went into a teeny-tiny churchyard. And when this teeny-tiny woman had got into the teeny-tiny churchyard, she saw a teeny-tiny bone on a teeny-tiny grave, and the teeny-tiny woman said to her teeny-tiny self, "This teeny-tiny bone will make me some teeny-tiny soup for my teeny-tiny supper." So the teeny-tiny woman put the teeny-tiny bone into her teeny-tiny pocket, and went home to her teeny-tiny house.
Now when the teeny-tiny woman got home to her teeny-tiny house, she was a teeny-tiny tired; so she went up her teeny-tiny stairs to her teeny-tiny bed, and put the teeny-tiny bone into a teeny-tiny cupboard.
And when this teeny-tiny woman had been to sleep a teeny-tiny time, she was awakened by a teeny-tiny voice from the teeny-tiny cupboard, which said:
"GIVE ME MY BONE!"
And this teeny-tiny woman was a teeny-tiny frightened, so she hid her teeny-tiny head under the teeny-tiny clothes and went to sleep again.
And when she had been to sleep again a teeny-tiny time, the teeny-tiny voice again cried out from the teeny-tiny cupboard a teeny-tiny louder,
"GIVE ME MY BONE!"
This made the teeny-tiny woman a teeny-tiny more frightened, so she hid her teeny-tiny head a teeny-tiny farther under the teeny-tiny clothes.
And when the teeny-tiny woman had been to sleep again a teeny-tiny time, the teeny-tiny voice from the teeny-tiny cupboard said again a teeny-tiny louder,
"GIVE ME MY BONE!"
And this teeny-tiny woman was a teeny-tiny bit more frightened, but she put her teeny-tiny head out of the teeny-tiny clothes, and said in her loudest teeny-tiny voice,
"TAKE IT!"
150
The very old story that follows is taken from Halliwell, and is, according to Jacobs, scarcely more than a variant of "The Old Woman and Her Pig." Like that story, "The Cat and the Mouse" appeals to small people by its p.r.o.nounced rhythmical structure, accentuated by the rhyme which marks the transition to each new section, and by the "run" at the close.
THE CAT AND THE MOUSE
The cat and the mouse Played in the malt-house:
The cat bit the mouse"s tail off. "Pray, puss, give me my tail."
"No," said the cat, "I"ll not give you your tail till you go to the cow and fetch me some milk."
First she leapt, and then she ran, Till she came to the cow, and thus began:
"Pray, cow, give me milk, that I may give cat milk, that cat may give me my own tail again."
"No," said the cow, "I will give you no milk till you go to the farmer and fetch me some hay."
First she leapt, and then she ran, Till she came to the farmer, and thus began:
"Pray, farmer, give me hay, that I may give cow hay, that cow may give me milk, that I may give cat milk, that cat may give me my own tail again."
"No," said the farmer, "I"ll give you no hay till you go to the butcher and fetch me some meat."
First she leapt, and then she ran, Till she came to the butcher, and thus began:
"Pray, butcher, give me meat, that I may give farmer meat, that farmer may give me hay, that I may give cow hay, that cow may give me milk, that I may give cat milk, that cat may give me my own tail again."
"No," said the butcher, "I"ll give you no meat till you go to the baker and fetch me some bread."
First she leapt, and then she ran, Till she came to the baker, and thus began: