46. What is a capitation tax?
47. Who appoints the a.s.sessors?
48. How many a.s.sessors are there, and what salary do they receive?
49. What are the duties of the a.s.sessors?
50. By whom is the coroner appointed, and how is he paid?
51. What are the duties of the coroner?
52 What do you understand by an inquest?
53. Tell how an inquest is conducted.
IX.
DISTRICT ORGANIZATION.
Magisterial Districts.
Each county shall be divided into as many compactly located magisterial districts as are necessary, not less than three.
There must be at least three and not more than eleven magisterial districts in each county, and in each district there must be one supervisor, three justices of peace, one constable, and one overseer of the poor.
Supervisor.
Elected by the people for four years; must be a resident of the district.
Duties. A member of the Board of Supervisors; shall inspect the roads and bridges in his district.
The general duties of the Board of Supervisors have been already explained, but each supervisor has special duties in his own district. He must inspect the public roads and bridges in his district twice every year to see that they are kept in repair, and he must once a year make a written report to the Board of Supervisors as to their condition.
For the time he is actually employed in such service each supervisor receives two dollars a day, paid out of the public funds of his own district, but he is not allowed for such service more than thirty dollars in any one year.
Justices of the Peace.
Three in each district; elected by the people for four years; must reside in the district. Salary, fees.
Duties. Is a conservator of the peace; must see that the laws are obeyed; may issue warrants, attachments, etc.; may hold court for the trial of causes. (See Justices" Courts.)
The jurisdiction of justices is fully explained under JUSTICES"
COURTS. Justices of the peace receive no salaries, but they are allowed fees for the issuing and certifying of several kinds of legal doc.u.ments.
A CONSERVATOR of the peace is a preserver of the peace. To preserve the peace is one of the chief duties of a justice of the peace, hence the t.i.tle of his office. If he have good reason to believe that any person intends to commit an offence against another, it is the duty of a justice to issue a warrant for the arrest of such person, and to require him to give bail or security for his good behavior.
In general it is the duty of the justice of the peace to do everything necessary to prevent, as well as to punish, violations of the criminal law in his district.
An ATTACHMENT is a writ directing an officer of the law to arrest and bring into court a person who has been summoned to attend as a witness or a juror, but has failed to appear at the proper time.
Constable.
Elected by the people for four years; must reside in the district.
Salary, fees.
Duties. To make arrests; to serve notices; to execute any order, warrant, or process, legally directed to him; attend Justices"
Courts; execute its judgments, levy attachments, collect fines, report violations of the penal laws; may act as sheriff in certain cases.
The constable performs in his district the same sort of duties generally that the sheriff performs for the county.
Overseer of the Poor.
Elected by the people for four years; must reside in the district.
Salary, $2 for each day actually engaged, but not to exceed $20 per year.
Duties. Shall care for and a.s.sist persons unable to maintain themselves, who have a legal settlement in his district; shall remove those not having a legal settlement; shall prevent persons from going about begging; may hold and administer certain property donated to charitable purposes; may place in an asylum, or bind out as an apprentice, any minor found begging, or likely to become chargeable to the county.
A LEGAL SETTLEMENT in the case of a pauper is residence for one year in the district and three years in the State. Paupers not having a legal settlement may be removed to the place where they were last legally settled, but a warrant of removal must be obtained from a justice of the county or district.
A MINOR is a boy or girl under twenty-one years of age.
Conservators of the Peace.
Every judge throughout the State; every justice, commissioner in chancery, and notary within his county or corporation; conductors of railroad trains on their trains; depot agents at their places of business; masters of all steamers navigating the waters of the State on their respective vessels.
A NOTARY, or notary public, is an officer who attests or certifies deeds and other papers, under his official seal. Statements in writing that require to be attested for business or legal purposes are usually taken to a notary to be signed by him after the party has made oath that the statements are true.
Conductors of railroad trains may arrest any persons who violate the peace on their trains, and keep such persons in custody until they can be given over to the proper authorities for trial.
Railroad depot agents may do the same at their depots, and the masters or captains of steamers may do the same on their vessels while sailing in the waters within the State. This is what is meant by being CONSERVATORS of the peace. Judges have the same power throughout the State, and justices, commissioners in chancery, and notaries within their districts.
SCHOOL DISTRICTS.
Each magisterial district is also a school district, for which see under Education, page 99.
SCHOOL TRUSTEES.
One school trustee is appointed annually for each school district; see page 99.
DISTRICT BOARD OF SCHOOL TRUSTEES.
This board is composed of three trustees of the district; for its duties, see page 99.
QUESTIONS.