I hope that an unknown author, whose skill in reproducing an archaic style I heartily admire, will forgive me for quoting the following narrative of certain doings decreed by the General Post Office on the occasion of the Jubilee of the Penny Post. Like all that is truly good in literature, it will be seen that this narrative was not for its own time alone, but for the future, and has its relevancy to events of the present day:[30]
"1. Now it came to pa.s.s in the month June of the Post-office Jubilee, that Raikes, the Postmaster-General, said to himself, Lo! an opening whereby I may find grace in the sight of the Queen!
"2. And Raikes appointed an Executive Committee; and Baines, the Inspector-General of Mails, made he Chairman.
"3. He called also Cardin, the Receiver and Accountant-General; Preece, Lord of Lightning; Thompson, the Secretarial Officer; and Tombs; the Controller.
"4. Then did these four send to the Heads of Departments, the Postmasters and Sub-Postmasters, the Letter-Receivers, the Clerks-in-Charge, the Postal Officers, the Telegraphists, She Sorters, the Postmen; yea from the lowest even unto the highest sent they out.
"5. And the word of Baines and of them that were with him went forth that the Jubilee should be kept by a conversazione at the South Kensington Museum on Wednesday the second day of the month July in the year 1890.
"6. And Victoria the Queen became a patron of the Jubilee Celebration; and her heart was stirred within her; for she said, For three whole years have I not had a Jubilee.
"7. And the word of Baines and of them that were with him went forth again to the Heads of Departments; the Postmasters and Sub-Postmasters, the Letter-Receivers, the Clerks-in-Charge, the Postal Officers and Telegraphists, the Sorters and the Postmen.
"8. Saying unto them, Lo! the Queen is become Patron of the Rowland Hill Memorial and Benevolent Fund, and of the conversazione in the museum; and we the Executive Committee bid you, from the lowest even to the highest, to join with us at the tenth hour of the conversazione in a great shouting to praise the name of the Queen our patron.
"9. Each man in his Post Office at the tenth hour shall shout upon her name; and a record thereof shall be sent to us that we may cause its memory to endure for ever.
"10. Then a great fear came upon the Postmasters, the Sub-Postmasters, and the Letter-Receivers, which were bidden to make the record.
"11. For they said, If those over whom we are set in authority shout not at the tenth hour, and we send an evil report, we shall surely perish.
"12. And they besought their men to shout, aloud at the tenth hour, lest a worse thing should befall.
"13. And they that were of the tribes of n.o.b and of Sn.o.b rejoiced with an exceeding great joy, and did shout with their whole might; so that their voices became as the voices of them that sell tidings in the street at nightfall.
"14. But the Telegraphists and the Sorters and the Postmen, and them that were of the tribes of Rag and of Tag, hardened their hearts, and were silent at the tenth hour; for they said among themselves, "Shall the poor man shout in his poverty, and the hungry celebrate his lack of bread?"
"15. Now Preece, Lord of Lightning, had wrought with a cord of metal that they who were at the conversazione might hear the shouting from the Post Offices.
"16. And the tenth hour came; and lo! there was no great shout; and the tribes of n.o.b and Sn.o.b were as the voice of men calling in the wilderness.
"17. Then was the wrath of Baines kindled against the tribes of Rag and Tag for that they had not shouted according to his word; and he commanded that their chief men and counsellors should be cast out of the Queen"s Post Office.
"18. And Raikes, the Postmaster-General; told the Queen all the travail of Baines, the Inspector-General, and of them that were with him, and how they had wrought all for the greater glory of the Queen"s name.
"19. And the Queen hearkened to the word of Raikes, and lifted up Baines to be a Centurion of the Bath; also she placed honours upon Cardin, the Receiver-General and Accountant-General; upon Preece, Lord of Lightning; upon Thompson, the Secretarial Officer; and upon Tombs, the Controller, so that they dazzled the eyes of the tribe of Sn.o.b, and were favourably entreated of the sons of n.o.b.
"20. And they lived long in the land; and all men said pleasant things unto them.
"21. But they of Tag and of Rag that had been cast out were utterly forgotten; so that they were fain to cry aloud, saying, "How long, O ye honest and upright in heart, shall Sn.o.bs and n.o.bs be rulers over us, seeing that they are but men like unto us, though they imagine us in their hearts to be otherwise?"
"22. And the answer is not yet."
FOOTNOTES:
[30] June 1897.
XXVII.
PARODIES IN VERSE.
Here I embark on the sh.o.r.eless sea of metrical parody, and I begin my cruise by reaffirming that in this department _Rejected Addresses_, though distinctly good for their time, have been left far behind by modern achievements. The sense of style seems to have grown acuter, and the art of reproducing it has been brought to absolute perfection. The theory of development is instructively ill.u.s.trated in the history of metrical parody.
Of the same date as _Rejected Addresses_, and of about equal merit, is the _Poetry of the Anti-Jacobin_, which our grandfathers, if they combined literary taste with Conservative opinions, were never tired of repeating. The extraordinary brilliancy of the group of men who contributed to it guaranteed the general character of the book. Its merely satiric verse is a little beside my present mark; but as a parody the ballad of _Duke Smithson of Northumberland_, founded on _Chevy Chase_, ranks high, and the inscription for the cell in Newgate where Mrs. Brownrigg, who murdered her apprentices, was imprisoned, is even better. Southey, in his Radical youth, had written some lines on the cell in Chepstow Castle where Henry Marten the Regicide was confined:--
"For thirty years secluded from mankind Here Marten lingered ...
Dost thou ask his crime?
He had rebell"d against the King, and sate In judgment on him."
Here is Canning"s parody:--
"For one long term, or e"er her trial came, Here Brownrigg lingered ...
Dost thou ask her crime?
She whipped two female "prentices to death, And hid them in a coal-hole."
The time of _Rejected Addresses_ and the _Anti-Jacobin_ was also the heyday of parliamentary quotation, and old parliamentary hands used to cite a happy instance of instantaneous parody by Daniel O"Connell, who, having noticed that the speaker to whom he was replying had his speech written out in his hat, immediately likened him to Goldsmith"s village schoolmaster, saying,--
"And still they gazed, and still the wonder grew That one small _hat_ could carry all he knew."
Another instance of the same kind was O"Connell"s extemporized description of three ultra-Protestant members, Colonel Verner, Colonel Vandeleur, and Colonel Sibthorp, the third of whom was conspicuous in a closely shaven age for his profusion of facial hair.
"Three Colonels, in three different counties born, Armagh and Clare and Lincoln did adorn.
The first in direst bigotry surpa.s.sed: The next in impudence: in both the last.
The force of Nature could no further go-- To beard the third, she shaved the former two."
A similarly happy turn to an old quotation was given by Baron Parke, afterwards Lord Wensleydale. His old friend and comrade at the Bar, Sir David Dundas, had just been appointed Solicitor-General, and, in reply to Baron Parke"s invitation to dinner, he wrote that he could not accept it, as he had been already invited by seven peers for the same evening.
He promptly received the following couplets:--
"Seven thriving cities fight for Homer dead Through which the living Homer begged his bread."
"Seven n.o.ble Lords ask Davie to break bread Who wouldn"t care a d--were Davie dead."
The _Ingoldsby Legends_--long since, I believe, deposed from their position in public favour--were published in 1840. Their princ.i.p.al merits are a vein of humour, rollicking and often coa.r.s.e, but genuine and infectious; great command over unusual metres; and an unequalled ingenuity in making double and treble rhymes: for example--
"The poor little Page, too, himself got no quarter, but Was served the same way, And was found the next day, With his heels in the air, and his head in the water-b.u.t.t."
There is a general flavour of parody about most of the ballads. It does not as a rule amount to more than a rather clumsy mockery of mediaevalism, but the verses prefixed to the _Lay of St. Gengulphus_ are really rather like a fragment of a black-letter ballad. The book contains only one absolute parody, borrowed from Samuel Lover"s _Lyrics of Ireland_, and then the result is truly offensive, for the poem chosen for the experiment is one of the most beautiful in the language--the _Burial of Sir John Moore_, which is trans.m.u.ted into a stupid story of vulgar debauch. Of much the same date as the _Ingoldsby Legends_ was the _Old Curiosity Shop_, and no one who has a really scholarly acquaintance with d.i.c.kens will forget the delightful sc.r.a.ps of Tom Moore"s amatory ditties with which, slightly adapted to current circ.u.mstances, d.i.c.k Swiveller used to console himself when Destiny seemed too strong for him. And it will be remembered that Mr. Slum composed some very telling parodies of the same popular author as advertis.e.m.e.nts for Mrs. Jarley"s Waxworks; but I forbear to quote here what is so easily accessible.
By way of tracing the development of the Art of Parody, I am taking my samples in chronological order. In 1845 the Newdigate Prize for an English poem at Oxford was won by J.W. Burgon, afterwards Dean of Chichester. The subject was Petra. The successful poem was, on the whole, not much better and not much worse than the general run of such compositions; but it contained one couplet which Dean Stanley regarded as an absolute gem--a volume of description condensed into two lines:--
"Match me such marvel, save in Eastern clime-- A rose-red city, half as old as time."
The couplet was universally praised and quoted, and, as a natural consequence, parodied. There resided then (and long after) at Trinity College, Oxford, an extraordinarily old don called Short.[31] When I was an undergraduate he was still tottering about, and we looked at him with interest because he had been Newman"s tutor. To his case the parodist of the period, in a moment of inspiration, adapted Burgon"s beautiful couplet, saying or singing:--