The form of oath among the Shoshone Indians is, "The earth hears me. The sun hears me. Shall I lie?"
The true test of civilization is not the census, nor the size of cities, nor the crops--no, but the kind of a man the country turns out.--_Emerson_.
The whole wide ether is the eagle"s sway: The whole earth is a brave man"s fatherland.--_Euripides_.
Spices crush"d, their pungence yield, Trodden scents their sweets respire; Would you have its strength reveal"d?
Cast the incense in the fire.
Matthew Arnold speaks of "the huge Mississippi of falsehood called History."
The wind blows north, the wind blows south, The wind blows east and west; No matter how the free wind blows, Some ship will find it best.
Preach not to others what they should eat, but eat as becomes you, and be silent.--_Epictetus_.
Victor Hugo makes a donkey meditate and apostrophize thus:
My brother, man, if you would know the truth, We both are by the same dull walls shut in; The gate is ma.s.sive and the dungeon strong.
But you look through the key-hole out beyond, And call this knowledge; yet have not at hand The key wherein to turn the fatal lock.
"William Cullen Bryant surprised me once," relates a writer in a New York paper, "by saying that prose was the natural language of composition, and he wonder"d how anybody came to write poetry."
Farewell! I did not know thy worth; But thou art gone, and now "tis prized: So angels walk"d unknown on earth, But when they flew were recognized.--_Hood_.
John Burroughs, writing of Th.o.r.eau, says: "He improves with age--in fact requires age to take off a little of his asperity, and fully ripen him.
The world likes a good hater and refuser almost as well as it likes a good lover and accepter--only it likes him farther off."
_Louise Michel at the burial of Blanqui, (1881.)_
Blanqui drill"d his body to subjection to his grand conscience and his n.o.ble pa.s.sions, and commencing as a young man, broke with all that is sybaritish in modern civilization. Without the power to sacrifice self, great ideas will never bear fruit.
Out of the leaping furnace flame A ma.s.s of molten silver came; Then, beaten into pieces three, Went forth to meet its destiny.
The first a crucifix was made, Within a soldier"s knapsack laid; The second was a locket fair, Where a mother kept her dead child"s hair; The third--a bangle, bright and warm, Around a faithless woman"s arm.
A mighty pain to love it is, And"tis a pain that pain to miss; But of all pain the greatest pain, It is to love, but love in vain.
_Maurice F. Egan on De Guerin._
A pagan heart, a Christian soul had he, He followed Christ, yet for dead Pan he sigh"d, Till earth and heaven met within his breast: As if Theocritus in Sicily Had come upon the Figure crucified, And lost his G.o.ds in deep, Christ-given rest.
And if I pray, the only prayer That moves my lips for me, Is, leave the mind that now I bear, And give me Liberty.--_Emily Bronte._
I travel on not knowing, I would not if I might; I would rather walk with G.o.d in the dark, Than go alone in the light; I would rather walk with Him by faith Than pick my way by sight
MY NATIVE SAND AND SALT ONCE MORE
_July 25, "81.--Far Rockaway, L. I._--A good day here, on a jaunt, amid the sand and salt, a steady breeze setting in from the sea, the sun shining, the sedge-odor, the noise of the surf, a mixture of hissing and booming, the milk-white crest curling. I had a leisurely bath and naked ramble as of old, on the warm-gray sh.o.r.e-sands, my companions off in a oat in deeper water--(I shouting to them Jupiter"s menaces against the G.o.ds, from Pope"s Homer) _July 28--to Long Branch_--8-1/2 A.M., on the steamer "Plymouth Rock," foot of 23d street, New York, for Long Branch. Another fine day, fine sights, the sh.o.r.es, the shipping and bay--everything comforting to the body and spirit of me. (I find the human and objective atmosphere of New York city and Brooklyn more affiliative to me than any other.) _An hour later_--Still on the steamer, now sniffing the salt very plainly--the long pulsating _swash_ as our boat steams seaward--the hills of Navesink and many pa.s.sing vessels--the air the best part of all. At Long Branch the bulk of the day, stopt at a good hotel, took all very leisurely, had an excellent dinner, and then drove for over two hours about the place, especially Ocean avenue, the finest drive one can imagine, seven or eight miles right along the beach. In all directions costly villas, palaces, millionaires--(but few among them I opine like my friend George W.
Childs, whose personal integrity, generosity, unaffected simplicity, go beyond all worldly wealth.)
HOT WEATHER NEW YORK
_August_.--In the big city awhile. Even the height of the dog-days, there is a good deal of fun about New York, if you only avoid fl.u.s.ter, and take all the buoyant wholesomeness that offers. More comfort, too, than most folks think. A middle-aged man, with plenty of money in his pocket, tells me that he has been off for a month to all the swell places, has disburs"d a small fortune, has been hot and out of kilter everywhere, and has return" d home and lived in New York city the last two weeks quite contented and happy. People forget when it is hot here, it is generally hotter still in other places.
New York is so situated, with the great ozonic brine on both sides, it comprises the most favorable health-chances in the world. (If only the suffocating crowding of some of its tenement houses could be broken up.) I find I never sufficiently realized how beautiful are the upper two-thirds of Manhattan island. I am stopping at Mott Haven, and have been familiar now for ten days with the region above One-hundredth street, and along the Harlem river and Washington heights. Am dwelling a few days with my friends Mr. and Mrs. J. H. J., and a merry houseful of young ladies. Am putting the last touches on the printer"s copy of my new volume of "Leaves of Gra.s.s"--the completed book at last. Work at it two or three hours, and then go down and loaf along the Harlem river; have just had a good spell of this recreation. The sun sufficiently veil"d, a soft south breeze, the river full of small or large sh.e.l.ls (light taper boats) darting up and down, some singly, now and then long ones with six or eight young fellows practicing--very inspiriting sights. Two fine yachts lie anchor"d off the sh.o.r.e. I linger long, enjoying the sundown, the glow, the streak"d sky, the heights, distances, shadows. _Aug. 10._--As I haltingly ramble an hour or two this forenoon by the more secluded parts of the sh.o.r.e, or sit under an old cedar half way up the hill, the city near in view, many young parties gather to bathe or swim, squads of boys, generally twos or threes, some larger ones, along the sand-bottom, or off an old pier close by. A peculiar and pretty carnival--at its height a hundred lads or young men, very democratic, but all decent behaving. The laughter, voices, calls, re-responses--the springing and diving of the bathers from the great string-piece of the decay"d pier, where climb or stand long ranks of them, naked, rose-color"d, with movements, postures ahead of any sculpture. To all this, the sun, so bright, the dark-green shadow of the hills the other side, the amber-rolling waves, changing as the tide comes in to a trans-parent tea-color--the frequent splash of the playful boys, sousing--the glittering drops sparkling, and the good western breeze blowing.
CUSTER"S LAST RALLY
Went to-day to see this just-finish"d painting by John Mulvany, who has been out in far Dakota, on the spot, at the forts, and among the frontiersmen, soldiers and Indians, for the last two years, on purpose to sketch it in from reality, or the best that could be got of it. Sat for over an hour before the picture, completely absorb"d in the first view. A vast canvas, I should say twenty or twenty-two feet by twelve, all crowded, and yet not crowded, conveying such a vivid play of color, it takes a little time to get used to it. There are no tricks; there is no throwing of shades in ma.s.ses; it is all at first painfully real, overwhelming, needs good nerves to look at it. Forty or fifty figures, perhaps more, in full finish and detail in the mid-ground, with three times that number, or more, through the rest--swarms upon swarms of savage Sioux, in their war-bonnets, frantic, mostly on ponies, driving through the background, through the smoke, like a hurricane of demons.
A dozen of the figures are wonderful. Altogether a western, autochthonic phase of America, the frontiers, culminating, typical, deadly, heroic to the uttermost--nothing in the books like it, nothing in Homer, nothing in Shakspere; more grim and sublime than either, all native, all our own, and all a fact. A great lot of muscular, tan-faced men, brought to bay under terrible circ.u.mstances--death ahold of them, yet every man undaunted, not one losing his head, wringing out every cent of the pay before they sell their lives. Custer (his hair cut short stands in the middle), with dilated eye and extended arm, aiming a huge cavalry pistol. Captain Cook is there, partially wounded, blood on the white handkerchief around his head, aiming his carbine coolly, half kneeling--(his body was afterwards found close by Custer"s.) The slaughter"d or half-slaughter"d horses, for breastworks, make a peculiar feature. Two dead Indians, herculean, lie in the foreground, clutching their Winchester rifles, very characteristic. The many soldiers, their faces and att.i.tudes, the carbines, the broad-brimm"d western hats, the powder-smoke in puffs, the dying horses with their rolling eyes almost human in their agony, the clouds of war-bonneted Sioux in the background, the figures of Custer and Cook--with indeed the whole scene, dreadful, yet with an attraction and beauty that will remain in my memory. With all its color and fierce action, a certain Greek continence pervades it. A sunny sky and clear light envelop all. There is an almost entire absence of the stock traits of European war pictures. The physiognomy of the work is realistic and Western. I only saw it for an hour or so; but it needs to be seen many times--needs to be studied over and over again. I could look on such a work at brief intervals all my life without tiring; it is very tonic to me; then it has an ethic purpose below all, as all great art must have. The artist said the sending of the picture abroad, probably to London, had been talk"d of.
I advised him if it went abroad to take it to Paris. I think they might appreciate it there--nay, they certainly would. Then I would like to show Messieur c.r.a.peau that some things can be done in America as well as others.
SOME OLD ACQUAINTANCES--MEMORIES
_Aug. 16._--"Chalk a big mark for today," was one of the sayings of an old sportsman-friend of mine, when he had had unusually good luck--come home thoroughly tired, but with satisfactory results of fish or birds.
Well, to-day might warrant such a mark for me. Everything propitious from the start. An hour"s fresh stimulation, coming down ten miles of Manhattan island by railroad and 8 o"clock stage. Then an excellent breakfast at Pfaff"s restaurant, 24th street. Our host himself, an old friend of mine, quickly appear"d on the scene to welcome me and bring up the news, and, first opening a big fat bottle of the best wine in the cellar, talk about ante-bellum times, "59 and "60, and the jovial suppers at his then Broadway place, near Bleecker street. Ah, the friends and names and frequenters, those times, that place. Most are dead--Ada Clare, Wilkins, Daisy Sheppard, O"Brien, Henry Clapp, Stanley, Mullin, Wood, Brougham, Arnold--all gone. And there Pfaff and I, sitting opposite each other at the little table, gave a remembrance to them in a style they would have themselves fully confirm"d, namely, big, br.i.m.m.i.n.g, fill"d-up champagne-gla.s.ses, drain"d in abstracted silence, very leisurely, to the last drop. (Pfaff is a generous German _restaurateur_, silent, stout, jolly, and I should say the best selecter of champagne in America.)
A DISCOVERY OF OLD AGE
Perhaps the best is always c.u.mulative. One"s eating and drinking one wants fresh, and for the nonce, right off, and have done with it--but I would not give a straw for that person or poem, or friend, or city, or work of art, that was not more grateful the second time than the first--and more still the third. Nay, I do not believe any grandest eligibility ever comes forth at first. In my own experience, (persons, poems, places, characters,) I discover the best hardly ever at first, (no absolute rule about it, however,) sometimes suddenly bursting forth, or stealthily opening to me, perhaps after years of unwitting familiarity, unappreciation, usage.
A VISIT, AT THE LAST, TO R. W. EMERSON
_Concord, Ma.s.s._--Out here on a visit--elastic, mellow, Indian-summery weather. Came to-day from Boston, (a pleasant ride of 40 minutes by steam, through Somerville, Belmont, Waltham, Stony Brook, and other lively towns,) convoy"d by my friend F. B. Sanborn, and to his ample house, and the kindness and hospitality of Mrs. S. and their fine family. Am writing this under the shade of some old hickories and elms, just after 4 P.M., on the porch, within a stone"s throw of the Concord river. Off against me, across stream, on a meadow and side-hill, haymakers are gathering and wagoning-in probably their second or third crop. The spread of emerald-green and brown, the knolls, the score or two of little hayc.o.c.ks dotting the meadow, the loaded-up wagons, the patient horses, the slow-strong action of the men and pitchforks--all in the just-waning afternoon, with patches of yellow sun-sheen, mottled by long shadows--a cricket shrilly chirping, herald of the dusk--a boat with two figures noiselessly gliding along the little river, pa.s.sing under the stone bridge-arch--the slight settling haze of aerial moisture, the sky and the peacefulness expanding in all directions and overhead--fill and soothe me.
_Same Evening._--Never had I a better piece of luck befall me: a long and blessed evening with Emerson, in a way I couldn"t have wish"d better or different. For nearly two hours he has been placidly sitting where I could see his face in the best light, near me. Mrs. S."s back-parlor well fill"d with people, neighbors, many fresh and charming faces, women, mostly young, but some old. My friend A. B. Alcott and his daughter Louisa were there early. A good deal of talk, the subject Henry Th.o.r.eau--some new glints of his life and fortunes, with letters to and from him--one of the best by Margaret Fuller, others by Horace Greeley, Channing, &c.--one from Th.o.r.eau himself, most quaint and interesting.
(No doubt I seem"d very stupid to the roomful of company, taking hardly any part in the conversation; but I had "my own pail to milk in," as the Swiss proverb puts it.) My seat and the relative arrangement were such that, without being rude, or anything of the kind, I could just look squarely at E., which I did a good part of the two hours. On entering, he had spoken very briefly and politely to several of the company, then settled himself in his chair, a trifle push"d back, and, though a listener and apparently an alert one, remain"d silent through the whole talk and discussion. A lady friend quietly took a seat next him, to give special attention. A good color in his face, eyes clear, with the well-known expression of sweetness, and the old clear-peering aspect quite the same.
_Next Day_.--Several hours at E."s house, and dinner there. An old familiar house, (he has been in it thirty-five years,) with surroundings, furnishment, roominess, and plain elegance and fullness, signifying democratic ease, sufficient opulence, and an admirable old-fashioned simplicity--modern luxury, with its mere sumptuousness and affectation, either touch"d lightly upon or ignored altogether. Dinner the same. Of course the best of the occasion (Sunday, September 18, "81) was the sight of E. himself. As just said, a healthy color in the cheeks, and good light in the eyes, cheery expression, and just the amount of talking that best suited, namely, a word or short phrase only where needed, and almost always with a smile. Besides Emerson himself, Mrs. E., with their daughter Ellen, the son Edward and his wife, with my friend F. S. and Mrs. S., and others, relatives and intimates. Mrs.
Emerson, resuming the subject of the evening before, (I sat next to her,) gave me further and fuller information about Th.o.r.eau, who, years ago, during Mr. E."s absence in Europe, had lived for some time in the family, by invitation.
OTHER CONCORD NOTATIONS
Though the evening at Mr. and Mrs. Sanborn"s, and the memorable family dinner at Mr. and Mrs. Emerson"s, have most pleasantly and permanently fill"d my memory, I must not slight other notations of Concord. I went to the old Manse, walk"d through the ancient garden, enter"d the rooms, noted the quaintness, the unkempt gra.s.s and bushes, the little panes in the windows, the low ceilings, the spicy smell, the creepers embowering the light. Went to the Concord battle ground, which is close by, scann"d French"s statue, "the Minute Man," read Emerson"s poetic inscription on the base, linger"d a long while on the bridge, and stopp"d by the grave of the unnamed British soldiers buried there the day after the fight in April, "75. Then riding on, (thanks to my friend Miss M. and her spirited white ponies, she driving them,) a half hour at Hawthorne"s and Th.o.r.eau"s graves. I got out and went up of course on foot, and stood a long while and ponder"d. They lie close together in a pleasant wooded spot well up the cemetery hill, "Sleepy Hollow." The flat surface of the first was densely cover"d by myrtle, with a border of arbor-vitae, and the other had a brown headstone, moderately elaborate, with inscriptions. By Henry"s side lies his brother John, of whom much was expected, but he died young. Then to Walden pond, that beautiful embower"d sheet of water, and spent over an hour there. On the spot in the woods where Th.o.r.eau had his solitary house is now quite a cairn of stones, to mark the place; I too carried one and deposited on the heap.
As we drove back, saw the "School of Philosophy," but it was shut up, and I would not have it open"d for me. Near by stopp"d at the house of W.T. Harris, the Hegelian, who came out, and we had a pleasant chat while I sat in the wagon. I shall not soon forget those Concord drives, and especially that charming Sunday forenoon one with my friend Miss M., and the white ponies.
BOSTON COMMON--MORE OF EMERSON
_Oct. 10-13._--I spend a good deal of time on the Common, these delicious days and nights--every mid-day from 11.30 to about 1--and almost every sunset another hour. I know all the big trees, especially the old elms along Tremont and Beacon streets, and have come to a sociable silent understanding with most of them, in the sunlit air, (yet crispy-cool enough,) as I saunter along the wide unpaved walks. Up and down this breadth by Beacon street, between these same old elms, I walk"d for two hours, of a bright sharp February mid-day twenty-one years ago, with Emerson, then in his prime, keen, physically and morally magnetic, arm"d at every point, and when he chose, wielding the emotional just as well as the intellectual. During those two hours he was the talker and I the listener. It was an argument-statement, reconnoitring, review, attack, and pressing home, (like an army corps in order, artillery, cavalry, infantry,) of all that could be said against that part (and a main part) in the construction of my poems, "Children of Adam." More precious than gold to me that dissertion--it afforded me, ever after, this strange and paradoxical lesson; each point of E."s statement was unanswerable, no judge"s charge ever more complete or convincing, I could never hear the points better put--and then I felt down in my soul the clear and unmistakable conviction to disobey all, and pursue my own way. "What have you to say then to such things?" said E., pausing in conclusion. "Only that while I can"t answer them at all, I feel more settled than ever to adhere to my own theory, and exemplify it," was my candid response. Whereupon we went and had a good dinner at the American House. And thenceforward I never waver"d or was touch"d with qualms, (as I confess I had been two or three times before.)