GATHERING THE CORN
_Last of October_.--Now mellow, crisp, Autumn days, bright moonlight nights, and gathering the corn--"cutting up," as the farmers call it.
Now, or of late, all over the country, a certain green and brown-drab eloquence seeming to call out, "You that pretend to give the news, and all that"s going, why not give us a notice?" Truly, O fields, as for the notice,
"Take, we give it willingly."
Only we must do it our own way. Leaving the domestic, dietary, and commercial parts of the question (which are enormous, in fact, hardly second to those of any other of our great soil-products), we will just saunter down a lane we know, on an average West Jersey farm, and let the fancy of the hour itemize America"s most typical agricultural show and specialty.
Gathering the Corn--the British call it Maize, the old Yankee farmer Indian Corn. The great plumes, the ears well-envelop"d in their husks, the long and pointed leaves, in summer, like green or purple ribands, with a yellow stem line in the middle, all now turn"d dingy; the st.u.r.dy stalks, and the rustling in the breeze--the breeze itself well tempering the sunny noon--The varied reminiscences recall"d--the ploughing and planting in spring--(the whole family in the field, even the little girls and boys dropping seed in the hill)--the gorgeous sight through July and August--the walk and observation early in the day--the cheery call of the robin, and the low whirr of insects in the gra.s.s--the Western husking party, when ripe--the November moonlight gathering, and the calls, songs, laughter of the young fellows.
Not to forget, hereabouts, in the Middle States, the old worm fences, with the gray rails and their scabs of moss and lichen--those old rails, weather beaten, but strong yet. Why not come down from literary dignity, and confess we are sitting on one now, under the shade of a great walnut tree? Why not confide that these lines are pencill"d on the edge of a woody bank, with a glistening pond and creek seen through the trees south, and the corn we are writing about close at hand on the north?
Why not put in the delicious scent of the "life everlasting" that yet lingers so profusely in every direction--the chromatic song of the one persevering locust (the insect is scarcer this fall and the past summer than for many years) beginning slowly, rising and swelling to much emphasis, and then abruptly falling--so appropriate to the scene, so quaint, so racy and suggestive in the warm sunbeams, we could sit here and look and listen for an hour? Why not even the tiny, turtle-shaped, yellow-back"d, black-spotted lady-bug that has lit on the shirt-sleeve of the arm inditing this? Ending our list with the fall-drying gra.s.s, the Autumn days themselves,
Sweet days; so cool, so calm, so bright,
(yet not so cool either, about noon)--the horse-mint, the wild carrot, the mullein, and the b.u.mble-bee.
How the half-mad vision of William Blake--how the far freer, far firmer fantasy that wrote "Midsummer Night"s Dream"--would have revell"d night or day, and beyond stint, in one of our American corn fields! Truly, in color, outline, material and spiritual suggestiveness, where any more inclosing theme for idealist, poet, literary artist?
What we have written has been at noon day--but perhaps better still (for this collation,) to steal off by yourself these fine nights, and go slowly, musingly down the lane, when the dry and green-gray frost-touch"d leaves seem whisper-gossipping all over the field in low tones, as if every hill had something to say--and you sit or lean recluse near by, and inhale that rare, rich, ripe and peculiar odor of the gather"d plant which comes out best only to the night air. The complex impressions of the far-spread fields and woods in the night, are blended mystically, soothingly, indefinitely, and yet palpably to you (appealing curiously, perhaps mostly, to the sense of smell.) All is comparative silence and clear-shadow below, and the stars are up there with Jupiter lording it over westward; sulky Saturn in the east, and over head the moon. A rare well-shadow"d hour! By no means the least of the eligibilities of the gather"d corn!
A DEATH-BOUQUET
_Pick"d Noontime, early January, 1890_
Death--too great a subject to be treated so--indeed the greatest subject--and yet I am giving you but a few random lines about it--as one writes hurriedly the last part of a letter to catch the closing mail.
Only I trust the lines, especially the poetic bits quoted, may leave a lingering odor of spiritual heroism afterward. For I am probably fond of viewing all really great themes indirectly, and by side-ways and suggestions. Certain music from wondrous voices or skilful players--then poetic glints still more--put the soul in rapport with death, or toward it. Hear a strain from Tennyson"s late "Crossing the Bar":
Twilight and evening bell, And after that the dark!
And may there be no sadness of farewell, When I embark;
For tho" from out our bourne of Time and Place The floods may bear me far, I hope to see my Pilot face to face When I have crost the bar.
Am I starting the sail-craft of poets in line? Here then a quatrain of Phrynichus long ago to one of old Athens" favorites:
Thrice-happy Sophocles! in good old age, Bless"d as a man, and as a craftsman bless"d, He died; his many tragedies were fair, And fair his end, nor knew he any sorrow.
Certain music, indeed, especially voluntaries by a good player, at twilight--or idle rambles alone by the sh.o.r.e, or over prairie or on mountain road, for that matter--favor the right mood. Words are difficult--even impossible. No doubt any one will recall ballads or songs or hymns (may-be instrumental performances) that have arous"d so curiously, yet definitely, the thought of death, the mystic, the after-realm, as no statement or sermon could--and brought it hovering near. A happy (to call it so) and easy death is at least as much a physiological result as a pyschological one. The foundation of it really begins before birth, and is thence directly or indirectly shaped and affected, even const.i.tuted, (the base stomachic) by every thing from that minute till the time of its occurrence. And yet here is something (Whittier"s "Burning Driftwood") of an opposite coloring:
I know the solemn monotone Of waters calling unto me; I know from whence the airs have blown, That whisper of the Eternal Sea; As low my fires of driftwood burn, I hear that sea"s deep sounds increase, And, fair in sunset light, discern Its mirage-lifted Isles of Peace.
Like an invisible breeze after a long and sultry day, death sometimes sets in at last, soothingly and refreshingly, almost vitally. In not a few cases the termination even appears to be a sort of ecstasy. Of course there are painful deaths, but I do not believe such is at all the general rule. Of the many hundreds I myself saw die in the fields and hospitals during the secession war the cases of mark" d suffering or agony _in extremis_ were very rare. (It is a curious suggestion of immortality that the mental and emotional powers remain to their clearest through all, while the senses of pain and flesh volition are blunted or even gone.)
Then to give the following, and cease before the thought gets threadbare:
Now, land and life, finale, and farewell!
Now Voyager depart! (much, much for thee is yet in store;) Often enough hast thou adventur"d o"er the seas, Cautiously cruising, studying the charts, Duly again to port and hawser"s tie returning.
--But now obey thy cherish"d, secret wish, Embrace thy friends--leave all in order; To port and hawser"s tie no more returning, Depart upon thy endless cruise, old Sailor!
SOME LAGGARDS YET
THE PERFECT HUMAN VOICE
Stating it briefly and pointedly I should suggest that the human voice is a cultivation or form"d growth on a fair native foundation. This foundation probably exists in nine cases out of ten. Sometimes nature affords the vocal organ in perfection, or rather I would say near enough to whet one"s appreciation and appet.i.te for a voice that might be truly call"d perfection. To me the grand voice is mainly physiological--(by which I by no means ignore the mental help, but wish to keep the emphasis where it belongs.) Emerson says _manners_ form the representative apex and final charm and captivation of humanity: but he might as well have changed the typicality to voice.
Of course there is much taught and written about elocution, the best reading, speaking, &c., but it finally settles down to _best_ human vocalization. Beyond all other power and beauty, there is something in the quality and power of the right voice (_timbre_ the schools call it) that touches the soul, the abysms. It was not for nothing that the Greeks depended, at their highest, on poetry"s and wisdom"s vocal utterance by _tete-a-tete_ lectures--(indeed all the ancients did.)
Of celebrated people possessing this wonderful vocal power, patent to me, in former days, I should specify the contralto Alboni, Elias Hicks, Father Taylor, the tenor Bettini, f.a.n.n.y Kemble, and the old actor Booth, and in private life many cases, often women. I sometimes wonder whether the best philosophy and poetry, or something like the best, after all these centuries, perhaps waits to be rous"d out yet, or suggested, by the perfect physiological human voice.
SHAKSPERE FOR AMERICA
Let me send you a supplementary word to that "view" of Shakspere attributed to me, publish"d in your July number,[47] and so courteously worded by the reviewer (thanks! dear friend.) But you have left out what, perhaps, is the main point, as follows:
"Even the one who at present reigns unquestion"d--of Shakspere--for all he stands for so much in modern literature, he stands entirely for the mighty esthetic sceptres of the past, not for the spiritual and democratic, the sceptres of the future." (See pp. 55-58 in "November Boughs," and also some of my further notions on Shakspere.)
The Old World (Europe and Asia) is the region of the poetry of concrete and real things,--the past, the esthetic, palaces, etiquette, the literature of war and love, the mythological G.o.ds, and the myths anyhow.
But the New World (America) is the region of the future, and its poetry must be spiritual and democratic. Evolution is not the rule in Nature, in Politics, and Inventions only, but in Verse. I know our age is greatly materialistic, but it is greatly spiritual, too, and the future will be, too. Even what we moderns have come to mean by _spirituality_ (while including what the Hebraic utterers, and mainly perhaps all the Greek and other old typical poets, and also the later ones, meant) has so expanded and color"d and vivified the comprehension of the term, that it is quite a different one from the past. Then science, the final critic of all, has the casting vote for future poetry.
Note:
[47] This bit was in "Poet-lore" monthly for September, 1890.
"UNa.s.sAIL"D RENOWN"
The N. Y. _Critic_, Nov. 24, 1889, propounded a circular to several persons, and giving the responses, says, "Walt Whitman"s views [as follow] are, naturally, more radical than those of any other contributor to the discussion":
Briefly to answer impromptu your request of Oct. 19--the question whether I think any American poet not now living deserves a place among the thirteen "English inheritors of una.s.sail"d renown" (Chaucer, Spenser, Shakspere, Milton, Dryden, Pope, Gray, Burns, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Sh.e.l.ley and Keats,)--and which American poets would be truly worthy, &c. Though to me the _deep_ of the matter goes down, down beneath. I remember the London _Times_ at the time, in opportune, profound and friendly articles on Bryant"s and Longfellow"s deaths, spoke of the embarra.s.sment, warping effect, and confusion on America (her poets and poetic students) "coming in possession of a great estate they had never lifted a hand to form or earn"; and the further contingency of "the English language ever having annex"d to it a lot of first-cla.s.s Poetry that would be American, not European"--proving then something precious over all, and beyond valuation. But perhaps that is venturing outside the question. Of the thirteen British immortals mention"d--after placing Shakspere on a sort of pre-eminence of fame not to be invaded yet--the names of Bryant, Emerson, Whittier and Longfellow (with even added names, sometimes Southerners, sometimes Western or other writers of only one or two pieces,) deserve in my opinion an equally high niche of renown as belongs to any on the dozen of that glorious list.
INSCRIPTION FOR A LITTLE BOOK ON GIORDANO BRUNO
As America"s mental courage (the thought comes to me to-day) is so indebted, above all current lands and peoples, to the n.o.ble army of Old-World martyrs past, how inc.u.mbent on us that we clear those martyrs"
lives and names, and hold them up for reverent admiration, as well as beacons. And typical of this, and standing for it and all perhaps, Giordano Bruno may well be put, to-day and to come, in our New World"s thankfulest heart and memory.