[Sidenote: Annual exportation of cattle.]
[Sidenote: Prized for its marine productions.]
[Sidenote: Invasion of the Romans]
[Sidenote: The Druids burnt in the fires they had prepared for their enemies.]
MapNames of Places.County.Number of Miles From+--+----------------------+----------+---------------+-------------+ 37Agmering paSuss.e.xL. Hampton 4Arundel 446Angram toN.R. YorkTadcaster 3Wetherby 743Angram Grange toN.R. YorkEasingwold 4Thirsk 729Anick toNorthumbHexham 2Corbridge 329Anick Grange toNorthumb... 2... 346Anlaby toE.R. YorkHull 4Beverley 727Anmer paNorfolkCastle Rising 6Burnham M. 1030Annesley paNottinghamMansfield 6Nottingham 1039Ansley[A] paWarwickNuneaton 5Atherstone 335Anslow, or Annesley toStaffordBurton-on-T. 3Uttoxeter 9+--+----------------------+----------+---------------+-------------+Dist.MapNames of Places.Number of Miles FromLond.Population.
+--+----------------------+--------------------------+-------------+ 37Agmering paSteyning 85892846Angram toYork 61946743Angram Grange toBorobridge 112172829Anick toNewcastle 1827816329Anick Grange to... 182783646Anlaby toSouth Cave 717127Anmer paLynn 1110613230Annesley paNewsted Ab. 313440239Ansley[A] paCoventry 910177335Anslow, or Annesley toAbbots Brom 8128270+--+----------------------+--------------------------+-----+-------+
[A] ANSLEY became the property of the Ludford family, by purchase, in 1613. Ansley Hall, an irregular but commodious residence, the manorial seat of John Newdigate Ludford, Esq., is situated in an extensive park, rich in natural and artificial beauties, containing a hermitage erected with the materials of an ancient oratory, in which Warton, who visited it in 1758, left his beautiful verses, beginning:--
Beneath this stony roof reclined, I sooth to peace my pensive mind.
On an insulated spot is also a Chinese temple, or cell, which contains a monument of the Purefoy family, removed from Caldecote Church in 1796.
Ansley church has some remains of Saxon and early Norman architecture, and a square tower of remarkable beauty at the west end.
[Sidenote: A hermitage and Chinese temple.]
MapNames of Places.County.Number of Miles From+--+---------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+ 18Anstey[A] paHertsBarkway 3Buntingford 423Anstey chapLeicesterLeicester 4Mount Sorrel 539Anstey paWarwickCoventry 5Nuneaton 641Anstey paWiltsHindon 5Shaftesbury 611Anstey, East paDevonDulverton 3S. Moulton 1011Anstey, West paDevon... 4... 945Anston to & paW.R. YorkWorksop 6Tickhill 78Anthony, St. paCornwallFalmouth 5Helston 88Anthony, St. paCornwallSt. Mawes 2Falmouth 327Antingham paNorfolkN. Walsham 3Cromer 68Anthony, West, or St.Jacobs[B] paCornwallDevonport 4Saltash 47Antrobus toChesterNorthwich 4Warrington 824Anwick paLincolnSleaford 5Tattershall 828Apethorpe chapNorthampWandesford 4Stamford 724Apley chapLincolnWragby 2Lincoln 1015Apperley hamGloucesterTewkesbury 4Cheltenham 624Appleby[C] paLincolnGlandford B. 7Burton 5+--+---------------------+----------+--------------+--------------+Dist.MapNames of Places.Number of Miles FromLond.Population.
+--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+--------+ 18Anstey[A] paStocking Pel. 43341723Anstey chapLoughboro" 810085039Anstey paRugby 109326841Anstey paWilton 99534811Anstey, East paBampton 616916611Anstey, West pa... 716922645Anston to & paSheffield 101527768Anthony, St. paLizard Point 122753008Anthony, St. paTruro 927014427Antingham paAylesham 61262488Anthony, West, or St.Jacobs[B] paSt. Germains 312330997Antrobus toFrodsham 1117947624Anwick paMetheringh 912023528Apethorpe chapOundle 68429724Apley chapHorncastle 1214315215Apperley hamGlocester 610440124Appleby[C] paBarton 8163517+--+---------------------+-------------------------+-----+--------+
[A] ANSTEY. In this village are the remains of a castle, built in the reign of the Conqueror, by Eustace, Earl of Boulogne, for the purpose of keeping the English in greater subjection; it was demolished in the time of Henry III., and the parish church formed of its materials. The moat surrounding the mount upon which the keep was built, with additional works made in the reign of King John, still remains. In the south aisle of the church is an ancient monument, with the effigies, as traditionally reported, of Richard de Anstre the founder. The Roman road called Ermine Street, pa.s.ses through this village.
[Sidenote: Ruins of a Castle.]
[B] ST. ANTHONY, consists of the two manors of East and West Anthony, formerly in the Dawney family, but now in that of the Carews. East Anthony House, the seat of the Right Hon. Reginald Pole Carew, M.P., is situated on a branch of the Lynher Creek, nearly opposite Trematon Castle. It is a large square building, of Pentuan stone, finished by Gibbs the architect, about the year 1721. This mansion contains a respectable collection of old portraits, amongst which is one of Richard Carew, the historian, with a device of a diamond on an anvil, with a hammer suspended over it. The church contains several monuments well deserving attention. Besides numerous memorials of the Carew family, there is in the chancel, the form of a lady, on a bra.s.s plate, beneath an elegant gothic canopy, in memory of Margery Arundell, who died Lady of the Manor in the early part of the fifteenth century. Sir Alexander Carew, a gentleman of large property, and one of the representatives of the county, at the commencement of the civil wars, being averse to the measures of the court, and having been intrusted by Parliament with the command of St. Michael"s Island and Fort, he attempted to deliver them into the King"s possession; but the design being discovered to the Parliament, he was suddenly seized and carried prisoner to Plymouth, and there the women were so enraged against him, that it was with difficulty he was rescued from their vengeance. From thence he was conveyed by sea to London, where he was expelled by the Commons, and being tried by a court-martial, was found guilty and beheaded on Tower Hill, December 23, 1644. WEST ANTHONY, or St. Jacobs. This is a very pleasing village, which has risen into importance from its proximity to the towns of Devonport, Plymouth and Stonehouse; it is a favourite residence of the officers connected with the dockyards and navy at these important towns. Near this place is Mount Edgecomb, the residence of the Earl of that t.i.tle; it is celebrated for the beauty of its situation, near the sea, and being a much admired stroll for the inhabitants of, and visitors to Plymouth.
[Sidenote: Mount Edgecomb.]
[Sidenote: Seat of the Carew family.]
[Sidenote: Sir A. Crew beheaded.]
[C] APPLEBY is situate on the river Ancholme, which rises in the wolds near Market Raisin, whence, it takes a northerly direction near Glandford Bridge, it is navigable to the Humber for barges of small burden. That very ancient British road--the Ermine-street--pa.s.ses through the village. This line of road was afterwards adopted by the Romans; it enters the county to the west of Stamford, and preserving nearly a due northerly direction, pa.s.sing through the city of Lincoln, continues its course to the banks of the Humber; it is cast up to a great height, and is in some places seven yards in breadth.
MapNames of Places.County.Number of Miles From+--+------------------------+-------------+--------+-------------+ 10Appleby, G. & Lit.[A] paDerb. & Leic.Ashby 6M. Bosworth 740Appleby[B] m.t. & paWestmorBrough 8Penrith 14+--+------------------------+-------------+--------+-------------+Dist.MapNames of Places.Number of Miles FromLond.Population.
+--+------------------------+----------------------+-----+-------+ 10Appleby, G. & Lit.[A] paAtherstone 7112115040Appleby[B] m.t. & paOrton 92701459+--+------------------------+---------------------+------+-------+
[A] APPLEBY, a populous village, which connects the four counties of Leicester, Derby, Stafford, and Warwick. Here is a free grammar school for 100 boys, founded by Sir John Moore, in 1697.
[B] APPLEBY. This town is situated on the river Eden, by which it is almost surrounded, and by some antiquaries it is supposed to occupy the site of the Roman station Aballaba. It has been the county town since the reign of Edward the Confessor. It is governed by a Mayor, Aldermen, and capital Burgesses; the Mayor having authority to arrest for any sum without limitation. Appleby did send two representatives to Parliament, but has been disfranchised by the Reform Bill. It has many times been a.s.sailed by the Scots, who burnt it in 1388; and in 1598 it suffered seriously by a pestilence, from which time it has never recovered its former size and consequence. The town at present consists of one broad street, built irregularly on the slope of a hill, at the upper part of which stands the castle, which is of early Norman, if not of Saxon origin; and at the lower end the parish church. The ancient market houses or cloisters, were pulled down in 1811, and a handsome gothic building, erected by Smirke, in their stead. Here are also a town-hall and gaol; and at each end of the town stands a stone obelisk or cross.
Appleby received charters from Hen. II., John, and Hen. III., all which were given up to James II., since which period it has subsisted as a borough by prescription. Crackenthorpe Hall, a manorial residence in this parish, was from the earliest period of authenticated record, the mansion of the Machels, a Saxon family, who eventually alienated it to the late Earl of Lonsdale. Near this seat, which is at present neglected, is a Roman camp 300 yards long and 150 yards broad, with three entrances, and a watch tower or fort, at the distance of bow-shot.
Appleby has produced some eminent characters, among whom should be noticed Thomas de Veripont, Bishop of Carlisle, in 1255. Thomas de Appleby, Bishop of Carlisle, in 1363. Roger de Appleby, Bishop of Ossory, in 1404; and Dr. Christopher Potter, Provost of Queen"s College, Oxford, Prebendary of Windsor, and Dean of Worcester; the last named was vice-chancellor of Oxford when the civil wars of Charles I. broke out, and sent all his plate to the king, stating that he would drink as Diogenes did, from the hollow of his hand, before his majesty should want. Here is a free Grammar School, richly endowed, which is open to all the children of the town upon paying 2s. 6d. per quarter to the Master; and also five scholarships, founded by the Earl of Thanet at Queen"s College, Oxford, and ent.i.tled to partic.i.p.ate in five exhibitions of 60. per annum at the same college, on the foundation of Lady Elizabeth Hastings. An Hospital for thirteen widows, founded by the celebrated Anne, Countess of Pembroke and Montgomery, heiress of the Cliffords, the possessors of the castle for several centuries; by the marriage of whose eldest daughter it became the property of the family of Tufton, Earl of Thanet. The main portion of the present castle which is of a square form, was built in 1686 out of the ruins of a part of the former, by Thomas, Earl of Thanet. Appleby Castle survived the attacks of the Parliamentary Army, under the influence of its owner, the aforesaid Countess Anne, but was compelled to yield in 1648. The church of St. Lawrence, which was partly built by the same spirited lady, contains a n.o.ble monument to her memory. The market is one of the best supplied with corn in its vicinity. It however possesses but little trade, and no manufacture of importance.
_Market_, Sat.u.r.day--_Mail_ arrives at 1-1/2 A.M., departs 11-3/4 P.M.--_Fairs_, October 7 and 8, for sheep, &c; November 24, for sheep and oxen; November 5, for pigs.
[Sidenote: Burnt by the Scots.]
[Sidenote: Eminent characters born here.]
[Sidenote: Appleby castle.]
MapNames of Places.County.Number of Miles From+--+-------------------------+----------+-------------+---------------+ 11Appledore paDevonBideford 2Torrington 1121Appledore[A] m.t. & paKentTenterden 4New Romney 738Appledram paSuss.e.xChichester 2Portsmouth 1616Appledurcombe hamHantsNewport 6Niton 35Appleford chapBerksAbingdon 4Dorchester 316Appleshaw,[B] vil. & chapHantsLudgershall 4Andover 540Applethwaite[C] toWestmorAmbleside 5Bowness 34Appleton[D] to & paBerksAbingdon 5Oxford 622Appleton toLancashireWarrington 7Prescot 544Appleton toN.R. YorkCatterick 3Richmond 443Appleton-le-Moors toN.R. YorkPickering 5Kirkby 343Appleton-le-Street toN.R. YorkNew Malton 4Pickering 746Appleton Roebuck toN.R. YorkYork 7Selby 844Appleton on Wisk toN.R. YorkYarm 7Northallerton 730Appletree hamNorthampBanbury 7Daventry 1044Appletrewick[E] toN.R. YorkSkipton 8Settle 16+--+-------------------------+----------+-------------+---------------+Dist.MapNames of Places.Number of Miles FromLond.Population.
+--+-------------------------+------------------------+-----+---------+ 11Appledore paBarnstaple 7204145021Appledore[A] m.t. & paRye 66169838Appledram paPetersfield 136418816Appledurcombe hamShanklin 391...5Appleford chapWallingford 65217916Appleshaw,[B] vil. & chapSalisbury 136835540Applethwaite[C] toKendall 82704174Appleton[D] to & paWantage 106144722Appleton toLiverpool 11195143944Appleton toBedale 62288343Appleton-le-Moors toHelmsley 823126943Appleton-le-Street toYork 1821886046Appleton Roebuck toTadcaster 518963844Appleton on Wisk toDarlington 1123255330Appletree hamSoutham 9778344Appletrewick[E] toBurnsall 1224425+--+-------------------------+------------------------+-----+---------+
[A] APPLEDORE is situated on the banks of the river Rother, in the hundred of Blackburn, lathe of Scray, and was a place of some maritime consequence in the reign of Alfred. The town is at present chiefly inhabited by graziers and others employed in the marshes, to which it is very near. The church is built on the foundation of a castle or fort, which had been erected by the Danes, who sailed up to this town in the year 893.
_Market_. Tuesday.--_Fairs_. Jan. 11, and 4th Mon. in June for cattle and pedlery.
[Sidenote: Princ.i.p.ally inhabited by Graziers.]
[B] APPLESHAW.--Great Show Fair, Friday and Sat.u.r.day before Weyhill Fair. Nov. 4 and 5, all for sheep.
[C] APPLETHWAITE. All the fisheries on the lovely lake of Winandermere belong to the inhabitants of this thriving village, and subject only to a t.i.the of the fish caught to the Rector of Winandermere, who makes composition for the same, by a sum prescribed by each boat. The red char, esteemed so great a delicacy, is said to be peculiar to the lakes of Winandermere and Ullswater; this delicious fish is taken in nets during the months of October and May, when they are potted and sent to different parts of the kingdom. About the beginning of September a grand regatta is given on the lucid waters of the lake, attended by families of the first distinction.
[Sidenote: Lake of Winandermere.]
[Sidenote: Grand Regatta.]
[D] APPLETON. This village was the birth place of the famous physician and chemist, Edmund d.i.c.kinson, who was born in the year 1624. At 20 years of age he went to the university of Oxford; in 1655, (he published a work to prove) that the Greeks borrowed the story of the Pythian Apollo, and all that related to the Oracle of Delphos, from the Holy Scriptures. In consequence of some excellent cures, he was appointed Physician to Charles II., and afterwards became a convert to the doctrine of the Trans.m.u.tation of Metals; and wrote a work, the object of which is to prove, "that the method and mode of the creation of the universe, (according to the principles of true philosophy,) are strictly and concisely laid down by Moses." He died in 1707.
[Sidenote: Birth place of the learned Edmund d.i.c.kinson]
[E] APPLETREWICK. In this village was born William Craven, the founder of the n.o.ble House of Craven, who by his industry and good conduct arose from an humble station to the dignity of Lord Mayor of London--a proof of the advantages attendant on industry.
[Sidenote: House of Craven.]
MapNames of Places.County.Number of Miles From+--+-------------------------------+---------+-----------+--------------+ 4Arborfield[A] toBerksWokingham 5Swallowfield 322Arbury toLancasterNewton 3Warrington 27Arclid toChesterSandbach 2Congleton 545Arden toW.R. YorkThirsk 10Stokesley 1138Ardingley[B] paSuss.e.xCuckfield 4E. Grinstead 74Ardington paBerksWantage 3Abingdon 814Ardleigh paEss.e.xColchester 5Manningtree 431Ardley paOxfordBicester 4Middleton 345Ardsley toW.R. YorkBarnsley 2Wakefield 1145Ardsley,[C] East & West to & paW.R. YorkWakefield 5Leeds 6+--+-------------------------------+---------+-----------+--------------+Dist.Popul MapNames of Places.Number of Miles FromLond.-ation.
+--+-------------------------------+---------------------+-----+--------+ 4Arborfield[A] toReading 43626822Arbury toLiverpool 181862807Arclid toMiddlewich 61627945Arden toKirkby 1022713038Ardingley[B] paCrawley 7335874Ardington paEast Ilsley 75740414Ardleigh paDedham 256154531Ardley paAynhoe 55817045Ardsley toRotherham 8172102945Ardsley,[C] East & West to & paHuddersfield 111872303+--+-------------------------------+---------------------+-----+--------+
[A] ARBORFIELD, in the hundred of Sonning. In this parish, near the church, is an ancient Manor-house, well worthy of the observation of the Antiquary; it was built by the family of the Standens, who were Lords of the Manor in the 17th century. The last male heir of this ancient family was Edward Standen, the person alluded to in the popular ballad of Molly Mogg.
_Fair_, October 5, cattle.
[Sidenote: Molly Mogg.]