[Sidenote: Sir Henry Wyatt deprived of seventeen manors and his liberty, for treason.]
[Sidenote: Sir Thomas Wyatt, was an accomplished scholar, soldier and statesman.]
[Sidenote: Parish consists of one house, a church, and a cottage.]
MapNames of Places.County.Number of Miles From+--+-----------------------+----------+------------------------------+ 41Allington paWiltsAmesbury 4Salisbury 641Allington toWiltsChippenham 2Malmsbury 941Allington toWiltsDevizes 4Calne 711Allington, East paDevonKingsbridge 4Dartmouth 611Allington, West paDevon... 1Modbury 724Allington, West paLincolnGrantham 5Newark 1022Allithwaite, Upper toLancasterCartmel 3Hawkeshead 1122Allithwaite, Lower toLancaster... 1... 139Allonby toc.u.mberlandWigton 11c.o.c.kermouth 97Allostock toChesterKnutsford 5Middlewich 536All Saints, St. Elm paSuffolkHalesworth 5Bungay 517Almeley paHerefordWeobly 5Kington 412Almer, West paDorsetBlandford 6Bere Regis 635Almington toStaffordDrayton 1Newcastle 1239Almington & Delph toWarwickTamworth 2Atherstone 738Almodington paSuss.e.xChichester 6Bognor 1045Almondbury[A] pa & toW.R. YorkHuddersfield 2Barnsley 1015Almondsbury pa & tiGloucesterThornbury 4Old Pas. Hou. 534Almsford paSomersetCastle Cary 1Bruton 443Alne pa & toN.R. YorkEasingwold 3Borobridge 639Alne, Great chap & toWarwickAlcester 3Henley-Arden 529Alnham pa & toNorthumbAlnwick 14Wooler 1129Alnwick[B] m.t. & paNorthumbNewcastle 34Morpeth 9+--+-----------------------+----------+--------------+---------------+Dist.MapNames of Places.Number of Miles FromLond.Population.
+--+-----------------------+-------------------------+-----+---------+ 41Allington paAndover 11778041Allington toBath 139516241Allington toMarlboro 108816211Allington, East paTotness 720567711Allington, West paPlymouth 1820787224Allington, West paM. Mowbray 1611535722Allithwaite, Upper toUlverstone 1125575922Allithwaite, Lower to..by Ferry 62578389Allonby toAbbey-Holm 83157837Allostock toNorthwich 616844836All Saints, St. Elm paHarleston 510543917Almeley paLeominster 7107...35Almington toEccleshall 1015834039Almington & Delph toColeshill 1011226438Almodington paSelsea-Bill 468...45Almondbury[A] pa & toWakefield 91863060615Almondsbury pa & tiBristol 8117140834Almsford paGlas...o...b..ry 911430443Alne pa & toThirsk 9212196739Alne, Great chap & toStratford 710334329Alnham pa & toRothbury 931427829Alnwick[B] m.t. & pa... 113086788+--+-----------------------+-------------------------+-----+---------+
[A] ALMONDBURY is situated near the river Calder, in the upper division of the wapentake of Aybrigg. Here is a grammar school, founded by patent from James I. and endowed with about 120 per annum. This place is noted for its extensive woollen manufactories. It was anciently called Albanbury. In the neighbourhood traces of an ancient castle, on an eminence, are still discernable. It is supposed, by some antiquarians, to have been the Campodonum of the Romans, and subsequently a royal seat of some of the Saxon kings.
[Sidenote: Grammar school founded by James I.]
[Sidenote: Ancient castle. Campodonum of the Romans.]
[B] ALNWICK, is on the high road from London to Berwick, and usually regarded as the capital of the county. It is situated partly in the southern division of Barnborough Ward, and partly in the eastern division of Coquetdale Ward. It is built irregularly, on the declivities of a hill, near the river Alne, over which a handsome stone bridge was erected by the late Duke of Northumberland, which bears the Percy crest on the parapet; there is also another bridge, of one arch, lower down the river; these two bridges serve as boundaries to the fine lawns surrounding the castle. At the head of Pottergate is a tower or clock-house, built in 1786. An abbey of Premonstratension canons was founded at Alnwick by Eustace St. John, in the year 1147. It was pleasantly situated on the northern margin of the Alne, the site of which was granted, in 1549, to Ralph Sadler, and Lawrence Wennington, after which it became the seat of the Brandling family, and also of the Doubleday family, by whom it was sold to the Duke of Northumberland. A fine gate house still remains, on which the Percy arms is visible. This town has a s.p.a.cious market place, and a considerable town hall, in which the sessions and county courts are held. It is paved, watched, and lighted, under an act pa.s.sed in 1821. Although the county town, the a.s.sizes are held at Newcastle. Alnwick Castle has been for many centuries a fortress of great strength, and the family mansion of the Percys"; it stands on an eminence on the south side of the Alne, opposite to the town, and commands a beautiful view of the country. The walls are flanked with sixteen gothic towers, the battlements of which, are ornamented with figures of ancient warriors: it is very celebrated in border history, and was peculiarly fatal to the kings of Scotland, of whom Malcolm II. and his son Edward, fell before it; and William, surnamed the Lion, was taken prisoner. The castle has lately undergone a complete repair; great attention having been paid to the restoration of the gothic ornaments in their original style. The chapel has been rendered extremely beautiful, by the introduction of a ceiling, in imitation of the celebrated one of King"s College, Cambridge. There is also a handsome window, on the model of one at York Minster, and the walls are painted in the manner of those of the cathedral of Milan. The tenants of the estate at Alnwick, in the year 1818, erected a monument to the memory of the late Duke of Northumberland, who died in 1817, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. The Percy column, as it is called, stands on a beautiful knoll, adjoining the road on the southern entrance to the town; it rises without a pedestal, and may be seen in every direction, it is eighty-three feet in height, but may be ascended easily by a circular flight of stairs within. There is an immemorial custom continued here on the proclamation of the several fairs; divers adjacent townships, which are free of toll in the borough, by this service, send their deputies to attend the bailiff, on the eve of the fair, when he makes proclamation; after which they keep watch all night in every part of the town, and this is the most perfect remains of watch and ward retained in any part of this country. It is said that King John, having endured considerable inconvenience from the miry state of the roads, in humorous revenge, directed that for the future, the freemen of Alnwick, should be made in the following manner, which is still observed.--On St.
Mark"s day, those who are to be made free, a.s.semble in the market place, dressed in white, with white caps, and a sword by their side. They proceed on horseback from this place to the town moor, headed by the four chamberlains, attired in the same manner, where they alight and rush through a muddy pool; having performed this ceremony, they change their soiled garments, and return to the town. Here is a free school, supported by a revenue arising out of the tolls, and various minor charities.
_Market_, Sat.u.r.day,--_Mail_ arrives 6-1/4 A.M., departs 5-1/2 P.M.--_Fairs_, Palm Sunday eve, for shoes, hats, &c.; May 12th, horses and horned cattle; last Monday in July, linen and woollen cloth; 1st Tuesday in October, and October 28th, horses and cattle; and Sat.u.r.day before Christmas Day, for shoes, hats, and woollens.--_Bankers_, Ridley and Co., draw on Glynn and Co.--_Inn_, White Swan.
[Sidenote: An abbey of monks, founded in 1147.]
[Sidenote: Fortress of great strength.]
[Sidenote: The fall of Malcolm II. and his son Edward.]
[Sidenote: Monument to the memory of the late Duke of Northumberland.]
[Sidenote: Curious customs in Alnwick.]
[Sidenote: Making freemen at Alnwick through a muddy pool.]
MapNames of Places.County.Number of Miles From+--+----------------------+-------+------------+------------+ 14Alphamstone paEss.e.xHalstead 5Sudbury 536Alphaston paSuffolkSudbury 7Lavenham 311Alphington paDevonExeter 1Topsham 527Alpington paNorfolkNorwich 6Loddon 57Alpraham toChesterTarporley 3Malpas 814Alresford paEss.e.xColchester 5St. Osyth 616Alresford, New[A] m.t.HantsSouthamp. 19Winchester 7+--+----------------------+-------+------------+------------+Dist.MapNames of Places.Number of Miles FromLond.Population.
+--+----------------------+--------------------+-----+------+ 14Alphamstone paColchester 105027736Alphaston paBury 106130911Alphington paChudleigh 8167123627Alpington paHempnell 61191977Alpraham toNantwich 717641814Alresford paManningtre 85629716Alresford, New[A] m.t.Alton 10571437+--+----------------------+--------------------+-----+------+
[A] NEW ALRESFORD, is in the north division of the hundred of Alton: seated on the river Itchin, at no great distance from its source. It was anciently a more populous place than at present, the navigation of the river, having at one time extended from Southampton to this town; whereas, it now ceases at Winchester. Alresford is divided into two parishes, of which that of Old Alresford is deemed the mother church.
The town, which formerly sent a member to parliament, is governed by a bailiff and eight burgesses; and the petty sessions are held here. There is a manufacture of linseys of some consequence, but generally speaking, the trade is much decayed. At Tichbourne Hall, about two miles distant, the seat of Sir H. Tichbourne, there has been bestowed annually, on Lady Day, from the reign of Henry II. a gift to every applicant of twopence in bread or money; of which bounty, in some years, no less than seventeen hundred persons have partaken.
_Market_, Thursday.--_Mail_ arrives 3-1/2 A.M. departs 11-1/2 P.M.--_Fairs_, last Thursday in July, and October 17, sheep, &c.--_Bankers_, Knapp & Co. draw on Barclay & Co.--_Inn_, Swan.
[Sidenote: Formerly a populous place.]
[Sidenote: Tichbourne Hall, seat of Sir H. Tichbourne.]
MapNames of Places.County.Number of Miles From+--+--------------------+---------+------------+--------------+ 16Alresford, Old paHantsSouthamp. 19Winchester 735Alrewas paStaffordLichfield 5Burton 835Alewas Hayes disStafford... 4... 97Alsager paChesterSandbach 5Congleton 910Alsop-le-Dale paDerbyAshbourn 6Longnor 822Alston toLancasterPreston 6Blackburn 642Alstone chapWorcesterTewkesbury 5Evesham 735Alstonefield pa & toStaffordAshbourn 6Longnor 622Altcar chapLancasterOrmskirk 6Liverpool 118Alternon paCornwallLaunceston 8Camelford 822Altham to & chapLancasterBurnley 5Colne 1114Althorne paEss.e.xMaldon 6Southminster 324Althorp pa & toLincolnBurton 5Epworth 527Althorpe hamNorfolkFakenham 2N. Walsingh. 348Altmawr chapBreconBuilth 3Brecon 1245Altofts toW.R. YorkWakefield 4Leeds 816Alton[A] m.t. & paHantsSouthamp. 29Basingstoke 1041Alton Barnes paWiltsMarlboro 7Devizes 712Alton Pancras paDorsetDorchester 7Cerne-Abbas 341Alton Priors chapWiltsDevizes 7Marlboro 77Altringham[B] m.t.ChesterKnutsford 7Stockport 10+--+--------------------+---------+------------+--------------+Dist.MapNames of Places.Number of Miles FromLond.Population.
+--+--------------------+----------------------+-----+--------+ 16Alresford, Old paAlton 105745935Alrewas paBromley 5124160735Alewas Hayes dis ... 6124777Alsager paNantwich 815744610Alsop-le-Dale paWinster 61456122Alston toc.l.i.theroe 9222103042Alstone chapPersh.o.r.e 71017835Alstonefield pa & toWinster 8144516922Altcar chapPrescott 132145058Alternon paBodmin 16222106922Altham to & chapBlackburn 621241314Althorne paRochford 64235224Althorp pa & toGlandford Br 1216598127Althorpe hamHolt 10111948Altmawr chapAberedwy 21704345Altofts toPontefract 318650216Alton[A] m.t. & paFarnham 1047274241Alton Barnes paPewsey 48213812Alton Pancras paSherborne 1012021041Alton Priors chapPewsey 4822057Altringham[B] m.t.Manchester 91792708+--+--------------------+----------------------+-----+--------+
[A] ALTON is seated on the river Wye; it is a pleasant open town, consisting of three streets, of which the princ.i.p.al contains some handsome houses. It is governed by a constable appointed by the magistracy, and a petty sessions are held in the town. The district around is celebrated for the superiority of its hop plantations, and possesses manufactures of druggets, serges, and other worsted fabrics, which are dyed in the wool. It was at Alton that Sir William Waller, in December 1643, obtained some advantages over the forces of Lord Hopton, who had taken his post in the town, the regiment commanded by Colonel Bowles retreated to the church, but not having time to barricade the doors, threw down their arms, and surrendered; but the Colonel himself, refusing quarter, was slain on the spot. Amongst the celebrated men to whom this town has given birth, may be mentioned William de Alton, a Dominican Friar, who lived in the time of Edward II., and wrote on the universality of the pollution of mankind by original sin. John Pitts, the Roman Catholic Biographer, who was born in 1560, and died in 1616; and William Curtis the Botanist, who was born about 1746, and died in 1799.
_Market_, Sat.u.r.day.--_Mail_ arrives 2 A.M. departs 12-3/4 A.M.--_Fairs_, Sat.u.r.day before May, sheep and lambs, September 29, cattle and toys.--Commercial Banking Company, draw on Williams, and Co.--_Inn_, Swan.
[Sidenote: Celebrated for hops, and manufactures in serges and other worsted fabrics.]
[Sidenote: Church converted to a fortress.]
[B] ALTRINGHAM is a very neat market-town in the parish of Bowden, and hundred of Bucklow, near which the Duke of Bridgewater"s ca.n.a.l pa.s.ses from the Mersey at Runcorn, to Manchester; it possesses several factories of yarn, cotton, and worsted, and the vicinity supplies the markets of Manchester well with fruit and vegetables. This town was anciently a fee for the barons of Dunham Ma.s.sey, one of whom granted to it a guild mercatory in the thirteenth century.
_Market_, Tuesday.--_Mail_ arrives 4-1/2 A.M., departs 9-1/2 P.M.--_Fairs_, April 29, August 5, November 22, for cattle and drapery.--_Inns_, Bowling Green and Unicorn.
[Sidenote: Yarn, cotton, and worsted manufactories]
MapNames of Places.County.Number of Miles From+--+------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+ 7Alvanley chapChesterFrodsham 3Warrington 97Alvaston toChesterSandbach 9Middlewich 1010Alvaston to & chapDerbyDerby 4Kegworth 840Alvechurch[A] paWorcesterBromsgrove 4Redditch 441Alvediston paWiltsHindon 7Wilton 833Alvely pa & toSalopBridgenorth 6Bewdley 811Alverdiscott paDevonBideford 4Barnstaple 616Alverstoke paHantsGosport 1Tichfield 645Alverthorpe toW.R. YorkWakefield 1Leeds 730Alverton hamNottsNewark 7Bingham 731Alvescott paOxfordBurford 5Bampton 315Alveston[B] paGloucesterThornbury 3New Pas 639Alveston paWarwickStratford 2Warwick 735Alveton pa & toStaffordCheadle 4Uttaxeter 624Alvingham paLincolnLouth 4Saltfleet 815Alvington hamGloucesterBlakeney 6Coleford 619Alwalton paHuntsPeterboro 5Stilton 611Alwington paDevonBideford 4Torrington 645Alwoodley toW.R. YorkLeeds 4Ottley 517Amberly hamHerefordHereford 6Bromyard 938Amberly paSuss.e.xArundel 4Petworth 416Ambersham, North tiHantsMidhurst 3... 416Ambersham, South tiHants... 3... 429Amble toNorthumbAlnwick 9Morpeth 1135Amblecoat hamStaffordStourbridge 1Dudley 440Ambleside[C] m.t. & chapWestmorlndKendal 13Helvelyn 8+--+------------------------+----------+-------------+-------------+Dist.MapNames of Places.Number of Miles FromLond.Population.
+--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+ 7Alvanley chapChester 101883417Alvaston toWhitchurch 111644610Alvaston to & chapBurton 1212436440Alvechurch[A] paBirmingham 11114154841Alvediston paShaftesbury 99223933Alvely pa & toCleobury 913383611Alverdiscott paTorrington 420033416Alverstoke paFareham 6791263745Alverthorpe toDewsbury 5183485930Alverton hamSouthwell 91181631Alvescott paWhitney 67436115Alveston[B] paBristol 911980039Alveston paHenley 99665035Alveton pa & toAshbourn 842239124Alvingham paGrimsby 1815329215Alvington hamChepstow 712828119Alwalton paWandsford 58029411Alwington paBarnstaple 1220648645Alwoodley toWetherby 819314217Amberly hamLeominster 81352538Amberly paWorthing 115163716Ambersham, North tiHaslemere 64912116Ambersham, South ti... 64918329Amble toFelton 630124735Amblecoat hamWolverhamp 8122115740Ambleside[C] m.t. & chapWinanderm 12781095+--+------------------------+------------------------+-----+-------+
[A] ALVECHURCH is situated in the middle division of the hundred of Halfshire; it was formerly a borough and governed by a bailiff, chosen annually at the court of the lord of the manor. The church is a large structure of Anglo Norman architecture, but the tower is modern. It however contains many ancient monuments: a hospital was founded here by Nicholas Lewkenor, of Hadsor, in 1580. The bishops of the county formerly had a palace here. Bishop Brain, Chancellor of England, in the reign of Edward III., to whom the Black Prince, wrote a circ.u.mstantial account of the battle of Poicters, died here in 1361. Bishop Latimer put it in repair in the reign of Henry VIII., it seems to have been merely a timber building. It has not been inhabited by any Bishop since the restoration, and was nearly a century ago, entirely pulled down, when the park was converted into farms. The river Arrow, which rises in the Lickey Hills, runs through the parish, towards Beoley Park, and Warwickshire; and the Ikenield Street, also pa.s.ses it. This town formerly consisted of several streets, but is now fallen into decay, it however, receives some benefit from the Worcester ca.n.a.l, which pa.s.ses it, and joins the Stratford-and-Avon ca.n.a.l, at King"s Norton.
[Sidenote: Church of Anglo Norman architecture.]
[Sidenote: Dilapidations of time.]
[B] ALVESTON. This parish contains the vestiges of two Roman camps; the one on the top of a hill called Oldbury, near the Severn; the other called Castle Hill; in both which places, various relics of antiquity have been discovered.
[Sidenote: Two Roman camps.]
[C] AMBLESIDE is seated on the decline of a hill, at the extremity of the romantic lake Winandermere, of which a branch pa.s.ses through the town. It is held by Horsley, to be the site of the Roman Dictus. It is scarcely in the power of language to do justice to the romantic beauties of this neighbourhood; perhaps the most beautiful scenery in England, is to be found in its vicinity. Here is an extensive manufactory of woollen cloth.
_Market_, Wednesday.--_Fairs_, Wednesday after Whit-Sunday, for horned cattle October 29, ditto and sheep--_Mail_ arrives 9-1/2 A.M., departs 7 A.M.
[Sidenote: Site of the Roman Dictus.]
MapNames of Places.County.Number of Miles From+--+--------------------------+--------+-------------+-------------+ 57Ambleston paPembrokeHaverfrd.W. 5Fishguard 331Ambrosden pa & toOxfordBicester 2Aylesbury 1424Amcotts hamLincolnBurton 4Glandford 105Amersham[A] bo. m. t. & paBucksAylesbury 14Chesham 341Amesbury[B] m.t. & paWiltsSalisbury 7Stone-Henge 3+--+--------------------------+--------+-------------+-------------+Dist.MapNames of Places. Number of Miles FromLond.Population.
+--+--------------------------+---------------------+-----+--------+ 57Ambleston paNewport 1026657431Ambrosden pa & toOxford 125191424Amcotts hamEpworth 91653595Amersham[A] bo. m. t. & paBeaconsfield 526261241Amesbury[B] m.t. & paAndover 1477544+--+--------------------------+---------------------+------+-------+
[A] AMERSHAM, or Agmondesham is situated on the Misbourne, a branch of the river Colne. The town which is seated in a vale between two wooded hills, consists of a long street on the road from Uxbridge to Wendover; it is intersected about the centre, by a cross street from Chesham to High Wycombe, at the point of which stands the church. The market is held in the Market House, or Town Hall, built by Sir William Drake, about 1680; it is a brick building supported by pillars and arches, with a lanthorn and clock, and said to be the handsomest in the county.
Amersham was a parliamentary borough by prescription, but by the Reform Bill of 1832, is now disfranchised. The church was extensively repaired in 1778, in the chancel of which are monuments of the family of the Bents of Leicestershire, who had a seat in the parish; and a monument of Henry, son of Sir Patrick Curwen, Bart., who died in 1638; and also several monuments of the Drake family, in the chancel and the adjoining mausoleum; among which are those of Montague Gerrard, by _Sheemaker_, and the wife of the late Mr. Drake, by Henry Cheere. About a mile northward from the town, is Shardeloes Park, the seat of Sir Thomas Tyrwhitt Drake: the estate was formerly in the possession of the Brudenell"s, which family terminated in a peeress, and brought Shardeloes to the Cheynes; afterwards it became the seat of William Totehill, Esq., where he entertained Queen Elizabeth in one of her progresses. Francis Drake, of East Sherwin, Surrey, who was one of the gentlemen of the bedchamber to James I., married Jane, the daughter and heiress of William Totehill, Esq. The mansion is beautifully situated on the brow of a hill, overlooking an immense sheet of water, covering thirty-five acres, and commands a delightful prospect, particularly towards the east, where the town of Amersham, and the surrounding eminences, covered with wood, present a very picturesque appearance. The gardens, formerly much admired for their beauty, were originally formed by Sir William Drake, about 1666, but have been modernized by Richmond, for the late proprietor. Here is also a Free Grammar School, the scholars of which are ent.i.tled to three exhibitions in Corpus Christi College, Oxford, bequeathed by Dr. Challoner, a canon of Windsor, in 1620; and likewise four alms houses, with other minor charities. The manufactures are chiefly lace, sacking, and all kinds of white cotton, wrought by machinery; and the markets are well attended.
_Market_, Tuesday.--_Fairs_, Whit-Monday for horned cattle, and September 19, for cattle, and statute.--_Inns_, Crown and Griffin.--_Mail_ arrives 7 A.M., departs 9-1/4 P.M.
[Sidenote: Town Hall, built by Sir W. Drake, 1680.]