The meandering conversation, the boastful tales at the dinner table, the delusions of grandeur-that was syphilis of the brain, not just the spinal cord.
Once in his room, Thomas stripped before the wardrobe mirror. With a second handheld mirror he examined every inch of his skin. No syphilids. No gumma on his skin. He listened to his heart but heard nothing unusual. He"d been spared congenital syphilis. But then he realized that his fear was absurd because congenital syphilis had to come through the placenta to him, it had to come from his mother. Absurd for him to worry. What his mother had was tuberculosis. Pure as the Virgin, his mother could never have had....
He cried out suddenly, the anguish of a child whose final illusion is stripped away. He understood at last.
It had been under his nose all this time. Tuberculosis didn"t cause aneurysms like the one that killed her, but syphilis did. "Mother. Poor Mother," he cried, grieving for her all over again. His father had murdered Hilda with his unbridled l.u.s.t. She might have recovered from her TB, but she probably never knew she had syphilis until that aneurysm blossomed and began eroding painfully through the breastbone when she was at the sanatorium. Ross would have told her what it was. She knew. By that point neither salvarsan nor even penicillin, had it been available, would have been of any use.
WHEN THOMAS STONE BOUGHT his own cadaver in his final year of medical school, it was unheard-of, but did not surprise anyone. He was planning a second complete dissection, searching for mastery of the human body.
"Is Stone around?" was a common question in the casualty room, because he was the medical student who was more constant than Hogan or the other porters, always willing to st.i.tch up a laceration, or pa.s.s a stomach tube, or run to the blood bank. He was the happiest of students when asked to scrub in and hold a retractor during emergency surgery.
One night, Dr. Braithwaite, Senior Consultant Surgeon and Chief Examiner for the Royal College of Surgeons, came in to see a patient with a high stab wound to the abdomen. Braithwaite was a legend for having pioneered a new operation for esophageal cancer, a notoriously difficult condition to cure. The patient, already inebriated, was terrified, abusive, and combative. Braithwaite, a compact man with silver hair, wore a blue three-piece suit that was the same shade as his blue eyes; he dismissed the porters restraining the patient and he put his hand gently on the man"s shoulder and said, "Don"t worry. It is going to be all right." He kept his hand there, and the patient, staring at the elegant doctor, quieted down and stayed that way during the brief interview. Then Braithwaite examined him quickly and efficiently. When he was done, Braithwaite addressed his patient as if he were a peer, someone he might see later in the day at his club. "I"m glad to tell you that the knife spared your big blood vessels. I am confident you are going to do very well, so I want you not to worry. I"ll operate, to repair whatever is cut or torn. We are going to take you to the operating theater now. Everything is going to be fine." The docile patient extended a grubby hand of thanks.
When they were out of earshot of the patient, Braithwaite asked the entourage of registrars and house-officers, "What treatment is offered by ear in an emergency?"
This was an old saw, particularly in Edinburgh. Still, the old saws were not well known anymore, a matter that distressed Braithwaite greatly. He saw it as emblematic of a slackness in the new generation of trainees, and it was sad that only one person knew the answer. And that too a medical student, of all people.
"Words of comfort, sir."
"Very good. You can come and a.s.sist me in surgery if you like, Mr. ..."
"Stone, sir. Thomas Stone."
During the surgery Braithwaite found Thomas knew how to stay out of the way. When Braithwaite asked him to cut a ligature, Stone slid his scissors down to the knot and then turned the scissors at a forty-five-degree angle and cut, so there was no danger to the knot. Indeed, Stone so clearly understood his role that when the senior registrar showed up to a.s.sist, Braithwaite waved him off.
Braithwaite pointed to a vein coursing over the pylorus. He asked Thomas what it was.
"The pyloric vein of Mayo, sir ...," Thomas said, and appeared about to add something. Braithwaite waited, but Thomas was done.
"Yes, that"s what it"s called, though I think that vein was there long before Mayo spotted it, don"t you think? Why do you think he took the trouble to name it?"
"I believe it was as a useful landmark to identify the prepyloric from the pyloric area when operating on an infant with pyloric stenosis."
"That"s right," Braithwaite said. "They should really call it the pre -pyloric vein."
"That would be better, sir. Because the right gastric vein is also referred to in some books as the "pyloric vein." Which is very confusing."
"Indeed, it is, Stone," Braithwaite said, surprised that this student had picked up on something that even surgeons with a special interest in the stomach might not know. "If we have to give it an eponym, maybe call it the vein of Mayo if we must, or even the vein of Laterjet, which seems to me much the same thing. Just don"t call it pyloric."
Braithwaite"s questions became more difficult, but he found the young man"s knowledge of surgical anatomy to be shockingly good.
He let Thomas close the skin, and he was gratified to see him use both hands and take his time. There was room for improvement, but this was clearly a student who"d spent many waking hours tying knots one-handed and two-handed. Stone had the good sense to stick to a two-handed knot, tied well and with care, rather than showing off to Braithwaite with one-handed knots.
The next morning, when Braithwaite returned, he found Stone asleep in a chair at the bedside in the recovery room, having kept an all-night vigil on the patient. He did not wake him.
At year"s end, after pa.s.sing his final exams, when Thomas was appointed to the coveted position of Braithwaite"s house officer, Shawn Grogan, a bright and well-connected medical student, found the courage to ask Braithwaite what he might have done to be selected instead of Stone.
"It"s quite simple, Grogan," Braithwaite said. "All you have to do is know your anatomy inside out, never leave the hospital, and prefer surgery over sleep, women, and grog." Grogan became a pathologist, famous as a teacher in his own right, and famous for his extraordinary girth.
During the war, Thomas was commissioned. He traveled with Braith waite to a field hospital in Europe. In 1946, he returned to Scotland, became a junior registrar, then a senior registrar. He"d skipped a real childhood and gone directly to doctorhood.
Ross came to Scotland on a rare visit. He told Thomas how proud he was of him. "You"re my consolation for never having married. That wasn"t by choice, by the way-not being married. "Perfection of the life or of the work"-I could only do the one. I hope you don"t make that mistake."
Ross planned to retire near the sanatorium, to play rummy at the Ooty Club every night, to catch up on a lifetime of reading, and to learn to play golf with the retired officers who lived there. But just as he did, a cancer made itself known in Ross"s good lung. Thomas returned to India at once. He stayed with Ross for the next six months, during which time the cancer spread to his brain. Ross died peacefully, Thomas at his side, the faithful Muthu, old and gray, on the other side, with the many nurses and attenders who had worked with Ross holding vigil.
The funeral brought Europeans and Indians from as far away as Bombay and Calcutta to pay tribute. Ross was buried in the same cemetery where many of his patients rested. "They are heroes, one and all, all those who sleep in this cemetery," said the Reverend Duncan at the graveside service. "But no greater hero, and no humbler a man, and no better servant of G.o.d is buried here than George Edwin Ross."
THOMAS TOOK AN APPOINTMENT as a consultant surgeon in the Government General Hospital, Madras. But after independence in 1947, things were not the same. Indians now ran the Indian Medical Service, and they were not excited by Englishmen who wanted to stay on, though many did. Thomas knew he had to leave; if it had ever been his land, it no longer was. And that was how, in response to a notice from Matron in the Lancet, he made his voyage on the Calangute to Aden. It was on that ship that Sister Mary Joseph Praise literally fell into his arms and entered his life.
Thomas Stone believed there existed within him the seeds for harshness, for betrayal, for selfishness, and for violence-after all, he was his father"s son. He believed the only virtues pa.s.sed down to him were the virtues of his profession, and they came through books and by apprenticeship. The only suffering that interested him was that of the flesh. For the heartache and the grief of his own loss, he had found the cure and he"d found it by himself. Ross had it wrong, or so Thomas thought: perfection of the life came from perfection of the work. Thomas stumbled on an address by Sir William Osler to graduating medical students in which the man articulated this very thesis: The master-word is Work, a little one, as I have said, but fraught with momentous sequences if you can but write it on the tablets of your hearts, and bind it upon your foreheads.
"The master-word is Work." Stone bound it to his forehead. He wrote it on the tablet of his heart. He woke to it and fought sleep for it. Work was his meat, his drink, his wife, his child, his politics, his religion. He thought work was his salvation, until the day he found himself seated in Our Lady of Perpetual Succour, in the room of a child he had abandoned; only then did he admit to his son how completely work had failed him.
CHAPTER 46.
Room with a View
HE STOPPED TALKING at this point. In the silence that followed, it seemed to me he was debating what to tell me next. When he resumed, I thought at first that he had leapfrogged over his years at Missing, dismissed the existence of my mother, and I nearly said something rude to interrupt him, but I"m glad I didn"t, because what followed was all about her ...
THE OAKS AND MAPLES outside the window of his room are wild men with their heads on fire. He shuts his eyes, but the view inside his eyelids is the same nightmare. His nerves are lancinating cables under his skin that send jolts of electricity to his muscles. He is so tremulous that when he brings a gla.s.s of water to his lips, he has spilled most of it before he can take a sip. He pukes his insides out, till he imagines the lining of his stomach is smooth and shiny like a copper pot. But the impulse to run is gone. He has put one or perhaps two oceans between him and the place he flees.
Eli Harris and another man, a doctor perhaps, judging by his detachment, leave him tincture of paregoric in a tiny bottle by the bedside. Thomas fails to see it at first, imagining that the peculiar scent of aniseed and camphor is a hallucination. But once he spies the bottle he drinks it as if it holds redemption. The antiseptic odor fills the room, and then it comes off his breath. It is the tiny amount of opium in paregoric that gives him some ease, or so he tells himself. Surely it isn"t the alcohol base of the tincture. He is done with alcohol.
The only two women he has ever loved have died, and though one death occurred years before the other, they became superimposed in his brain. It made him lose his mind. He fled. He ran without knowing where to or what from. He has now run far enough. He has no memory of how he arrived in New Jersey from Kenya, except that he has a benefactor, Eli Harris.
A week pa.s.ses, measured not in days, but in cold sweats and night terrors. It is two weeks before the agitation and the shakes ease, and before the ugly little invertebrates begin a retreat. For so long they have been on his skin and on the edge of his sheets, scurrying to the periphery of his vision when he turns to look at them. Now they retreat to the chitinous underworld from where they came.
There is bread and cheese by his bed, sitting on a newspaper that is two days old. The paregoric bottle is empty. A pitcher of water has been refilled. When at last he feels it safe to take his chair to the window, the leaves have gone from carrot to brick to crimson and every hue in between, a palette beyond the imagination of any painter. He sits there like a statue, grateful for being able to sit, to see things for what they are. Leaves spiral down, each descent unique and never to be repeated. A million voyagers leave their invisible trails in the air.
One morning he is steady enough to go downstairs. A sparrow hops on the warped wood of the porch, the varnish flaking under its feet. Stone sees the ginger kitten inching forward from the wisteria, its shoulder blades gliding like pistons under its fur. He wonders if he is hallucinating. The kitten"s unblinking eyes are locked on its prey. The bird tilts its head like a coquettish woman to regard man and beast.
Just when Thomas thinks the tension is unbearable, the kitten pounces, but the sparrow hops easily to the railing and out of reach. Thomas feels something crack inside, releasing him from the torpor that stifled his movements and slowed his thoughts. He has emerged to a world where a sparrow"s fate and that of a man can be decided in the blink of a cat"s eye, such is the true measure of time.
HE KNOWS THE CEILING in his bedroom better than he knows his body. He has studied the molding. The decorative grooves are even in depth and width. He sees the handiwork of a craftsman. A clumsy amateur later subdivided the house with plywood part.i.tions and with prefabricated doors. But the master"s imprint is there to see.
At first he credits the paregoric for the curious phenomenon, but it continues after the paregoric is long gone: like a cinema projectionist he watches his life play out on the screen of the blank ceiling, or sometimes in the light playing on his window. He cannot control the content or order of the reels. What he can do is observe dispa.s.sionately, separate emotions from event, and judge the actor who plays him.
AN EARLY WINTER STORM comes over Ocean City and reaches inland by afternoon, first with freezing rain, crackling on the window, and then snow so heavy that when he stands outside it weighs down his eyelashes. It blankets northern New Jersey, five to six inches in as many hours. It shuts down interstates, airports, schools, and all commerce, but he knows nothing of this as he retreats to his room. Ice forms around the edges of his window, leaving a narrow prism through which to look onto a still and ghostly world. It is on this evening that he witnesses a scene from his life which makes him want to end it. He is seated on his bed, staring through that narrow breach in the frosted window. His mind is motionless and hushed like the landscape outside. The only thing that stirs is the ebb and flow of his breath, but even that seems to cease.
Then suddenly, he feels a quickening, as if the wearing away of brain cells has unroofed a lacuna of memory.
What spews out that winter"s night is a vivid, colorful, and specific memory of Sister Mary Joseph Praise.
He is simply the observer, a man watching a bird, unaware of the feral cat lurking in the wisteria. This is what he sees, what he remembers: Addis Ababa.
Missing Hospital.
Work.
He sees himself in the rhythm of operating, of clinics, of writing, forcing himself to sleep, his days full and satisfying. The weeks and months roll by. The master word. Work. And suddenly the machinery seizes ...
(He thinks of this as his "Missing Period." He prefers that to "breakdown.") It always begins the same way. He wakes from sleep in his quarters at Missing, wakes in terror, unable to breathe, as if he is about to die, as if the next breath will trigger the explosion. Though he is awake, the tentacles of dream and nightmare won"t let go. A terrifying spatial distortion is the hallmark of this state. His bedroom in his quarters begins to shrink. His pen, the doork.n.o.b, his pillow-ordinary objects that normally do not merit a second glance-balloon in size. They become colossal and threaten to impale him, to suffocate him. He has no control over this state. He cannot turn it off by sitting up or moving around. He becomes neither child nor man, does not know where he is, or what scene he is reliving, but he is terrified.
Alcohol is not the antidote. It does not break the spell, yet it dulls the terror. It comes with a price: instead of straddling the line between wakefulness and nightmare, he crosses over. He roams in a world of familiar objects turned into symbols; he traipses through scenes of his childhood and through h.e.l.l"s portals. He hears a nonstop dialogue, like cricket commentary on the radio. That is the backdrop to these night terrors in Ethiopia. The commentator"s voice is indistinct-sometimes it sounds like his own voice. As he drinks, he loses his fear but not his sorrow. He who has no tears in his waking now weeps like a child. He sees Ghosh-probably the real Ghosh, not a dream figure-standing before him, concerned, the Ghosh lips moving but the words drowned out by the commentator.
Then she is there. He cannot hear her words, but her presence is rea.s.suring, and ultimately, only she stays, only she keeps vigil. She must have been asleep when she was summoned, because she wears a head scarf and a dressing gown. She holds him to her when a new wave of tears appears, and she cries with him, trying to rescue him from his nightmare but, in the process, she gets sucked in. (Every time he recalls this, there is a stirring in him.) In their work together, they share an intimacy that involves the body of another who lays between them, unconscious, naked, and exposed. But this weeping in her arms is shockingly different from their gowned forearms brushing or heads b.u.mping during surgery. Separated as they are by an operating table for so many hours a day, when she holds him, the absence of the table, or of the mask, or the gloves, is startling. He feels like a newborn placed against its mother"s naked belly. She whispers in his ear. What does she say? How he wishes he could remember. It sounds improvised, not a formal prayer. It succeeds in blunting the commentator"s voice.
He remembers her blouse, damp with his tears-no, both their tears.
He remembers clinging to her, pressing his face to her bosom, sleeping, waking, clinging, weeping, sleeping again. She asks again and again, What is it? What is it that has come over you? For hours, days, who knows how long, she stays with him as he holds on for dear life, the storm raging, battering him, trying to pry him out of her grasp.
He remembers a lull, a startling silence which is a change in the pattern. Her blouse has opened.
Like a surgeon working to develop a tissue plane under the incision, he wills the blouse to open farther, and perhaps his nose, his cheeks, help it along. Her nipples stir from the coins on which they lie, and now her b.r.e.a.s.t.s escape her blouse to meet his lips. Her face must be a mirror of his because what he sees in it is fear coupled with desire.
She hovers over him, naked, her b.r.e.a.s.t.s full and rea.s.suring, tears of relief on both their faces, their kisses devouring each other to make up for time lost. Then he is above her, and she looks up at him as if he is the Savior. When he enters her, he is anchoring himself to her goodness, a goodness and innocence he lost so young, from which he has drifted away, and which he vows never to let go ...
Sitting on his bed in his New Jersey exile, the world outside muted in a canopy of snow, his heart is racing, a dangerous tachycardia, his shirt soaked with sweat despite the cold. There is a dull ache under his breastbone. How he wishes that he could recall the exact feel of her lips, of her b.r.e.a.s.t.s.
But he recalls this (and he prays it is a true image): He recalls how he loses himself in her, pulling her like a soft lamb coat over him. She settles on him, smothers him like nightfall over a meadow. In their coming together they thwart the demons, his and hers, and when his cry of release comes it punctuates her soft exclamations. Order is restored. Proportion returns. Sleep comes as a blessing.
HIS CURSE IS THIS (and he weeps in New Jersey at the recollection, he beats his head with his hand): when he wakes from his Missing Period, he senses only a perturbation in s.p.a.ce, a gap in time, a deep embarra.s.sment and shame, the reason for which he cannot recall, but which he can only heal by throwing himself into his work anew. He has blocked out what came before.
How cruel it is that this memory should surface in a winter storm so long after she is dead. How cruel to have this fleeting, fragmented vision, seen through an ice-crusted window, then to wonder if it is real, or if it is the perturbation of a brain undone by alcohol. He has rea.s.sembled the memory like a shattered relic, and it is finally whole; and still he has doubts. He will never see her more clearly than that night at 529 Maple. When he recalls it in later years, he will wonder if he is distorting it, embellishing it, because each time he consciously recalls her, thatforms a new memory, a new imprint to be stacked on top of the previous one. He fears that too much handling will make it crumble.
"You saved my life," he says aloud to Sister Mary Joseph Praise, seated on his small bed in New Jersey "And my stupidity, my indecision, my panic, caused you to lose yours." Though it is much too late to say it to her, he knows it must be said, and though he is a nonbeliever, he hopes that somehow she is listening. "I cannot love any human being more than I love you." What he cannot bring himself to mention is the children; he feels he can do even less for them than he can do for Sister Mary Joseph Praise; they exist, two boys, twins, he knows, he remembers, in a universe even more removed than the one in which Sister resides.
But it is too late to say all this to Sister Mary Joseph Praise. Even this memory of her, beautiful and erotic, cannot arouse him or fill him with joy. Instead, when he sees her nakedness, his engorgement, the miscibil-ity of their parts, what he feels is a violent jealousy, as if another person occupies his naked body and straddles the woman he loves, an illusion des soises-That is me, but it is not me. His thrusting body, the dark triangles of his shoulder blades, the hollows and dimples of the low back, only foretell death and destruction. They are an augury to a terrible end because this carnal pleasure will doom Mary, though she does not know it as yet, but he, watching the scene, does. His punishment is even worse: he must live.
CHAPTER 47.
Missing Letters
THOMAS STONE STAYED IN MY ROOM past midnight. At some point he became one with the dark shadows, his voice filling my s.p.a.ce as if no other words had ever been spoken there. I didn"t interrupt him. I forgot he was there. I was inhabiting his story, lighting a candle in St. Mary"s Church in Fort St. George, Madras, holding my own in an English boarding school, seeing how an unroofing of memory might lead to a vision of Mary. And if visions could happen in Fatima and Lourdes and Guadalupe, who was I to doubt that a secular vision of my mother had not appeared to him in a frost-rimmed rooming house window, just as I had seen and felt her in the autoclave room as a young boy? His voice walked me into a past that preceded my birth, but it was still mine as much as the color of my eyes or the length of my index finger.
I became conscious of Thomas Stone only when he was done; I saw a man under the spell of his own tale, a snake charmer whose serpent has become his turban. The silence afterward was terrible.
THOMAS STONE SAVED our surgery program.
He did it by making Our Lady of Perpetual Succour an affiliate of Mecca in Boston. All it took was his affixing his signature to a letter saying it was so. But Our Lady of Perpetual Succour was no mere paper affiliate of Mecca. Each month, four medical students and two surgical residents came down from Mecca to do a rotation with us. "A safari to see the natives killing each other, and to catch a few Broadway shows," is how B. C. Gandhi put it when he heard about the plan. But each of us also had opportunities to do specialty rotations up in Boston.
I finished my internship and began my second year of residency. The most important result of our affiliation with Mecca was that it allowed Deepak, the Wandering Jew of surgery (as B.C. referred to him), to finish. He was now a board-certified surgeon and could have gone anywhere to set up practice. Instead, he stayed on at Our Lady with the t.i.tle of Director of Surgical Training; he was also appointed Clinical a.s.sistant Professor at Mecca. I had never seen Deepak happier. Thomas Stone, true to his word, paved the way for publication of Deepak"s study on in juries to the vena cava. That paper in the American Journal of Surgery became a cla.s.sic, one that everyone quoted when discussing liver injuries. Though Deepak was getting a consultant"s salary, he continued to live in the house-staff quarters. Courtesy of the Mecca surgical residents who came down to the Bronx for rotations, we had more manpower and Deepak got more sleep. In an unused bas.e.m.e.nt s.p.a.ce, Deepak researched the effects of different interruptions to the blood supply of pig and cow livers.
Popsy"s dementia no longer needed to be concealed. He roamed safely throughout Our Lady, wearing scrubs, and with a mask dangling from his neck. He was turned away every time he wandered into the operating room, or tried to leave the premises, but he didn"t seem to mind. He would sometimes stop people and declare, "I contaminated myself."
LATE ON A FRIDAY EVENING, a few months after Thomas Stone"s first visit to my room, I heard a knock at my door. There he stood, tentative, embarra.s.sed, and unsure what his reception would be.
My father"s long confessional had changed things for me; it had been much easier to stay angry with him, to trash his apartment and violate his s.p.a.ce, before I heard his story. Now his presence felt awkward and I didn"t invite him in.
"I can"t stay but I wondered ... want to ask if ... would you care to join me for dinner at an Ethiopian restaurant in Manhattan tomorrow, Sat.u.r.day? ... Here"s the address-about seven?"
This was the last thing I expected from him. If he"d invited me to go to the Met, or to dine at the Waldorf-Astoria, I would have declined without any hesitation. But when he said "Ethiopian restaurant," it conjured up the sour taste of injera and a fiery wot and my mouth began watering and my tongue stopped working. I nodded, even though I really didn"t want to be around him. But we had unfinished business.
On Sat.u.r.day I emerged from the subway and I saw Thomas Stone at a distance standing outside the Meskerem in Greenwich Village. Though hed been in America more than twenty years, he looked out of place. He had no interest in the menu displayed outside, and he did not notice the students pouring out from a New York University building, instrument cases in their hands, their hair, clothing, and multiple ear piercings setting them apart from other pedestrians. When he saw me he was visibly relieved.
Meskerem was small, with dark red curtains and walls that recalled the inside of a chikka hut. The aroma of coffee beans roasted over charcoal and the peppery smell of berbere made it feel a world away from Manhattan. We sat on rough-hewn, three-legged wooden stools, low to the ground, with a woven basket table between us. A long mirror behind Thomas Stone allowed me to see both the back of his head and people entering or leaving the restaurant. The posters thumbtacked to the walls showed the castles of Gondar, a portrait of a smiling Tigre woman with strong perfect teeth, a close-up of the wrinkled face of an Ethiopian priest, and an aerial view of Churchill Road, each with the same caption: THIRTEEN MONTHS OF SUNSHINE. Every Ethiopian restaurant I subsequently visited in America relied heavily on the same Ethiopian Airlines calendar for decor.
The waitress, a short, bright-eyed Amhara, brought us menus. Her name was Anna. She almost dropped her pencil when I said in Amharic that I"d brought my own knife and I was so hungry that if she pointed me to where the cow was tethered, I"d get started. When she brought our food out on a circular tray, Thomas Stone looked surprised, as if he"d forgotten that we would eat with our fingers off a common plate. To his dismay, Anna (who hailed from the neighborhood of Kebena in Addis, not that far away from Missing) gave me gursha-she tore off a piece of injera, dipped it in curry, and fed me with her fingers. Thomas Stone hastily rose and asked for the restroom, lest she turn to him.
"Blessed St. Gabriel," Anna said, watching him leave. "I scared your friend with our habesha customs."
"He should know. He lived in Addis for seven years."
"No! Really?"
"Please don"t take offense."
"It"s nothing," she said, smiling. "I know that type of ferengl. Spend years there, but they look through us. But don"t worry. You make up for it, and you"re better looking."
I could have taken up for him. I could have said he was my father. I smiled. I"m sure I blushed. I said nothing.
When Thomas Stone returned, he made a halfhearted effort to eat. Inevitably, one of the songs that cycled through the ceiling speakers was "Tizita." I studied his face to see if it meant anything to him. It didn"t.
The mark of a native is that your fingers are never stained by the curry; you use the injera as your tongs, as a barrier, while you pick up a piece of chicken or beef sopped in the sauce. Thomas Stone"s nails were red.