44 "By high noon": "The Excitement in this City," "By high noon": "The Excitement in this City," New York Times New York Times, June 8, 1880.
45 "elbow [his] way through": "Fight it Out!" "elbow [his] way through": "Fight it Out!" Boston Globe Boston Globe, June 8, 1880.
46 On the thirty-fourth ballot: "The Story of the Balloting," On the thirty-fourth ballot: "The Story of the Balloting," New York Times New York Times, June 9, 1880.
47 "Mr. President": h.o.a.r, "Mr. President": h.o.a.r, Autobiography of Seventy Years Autobiography of Seventy Years, 397.
48 "No, no, gentlemen": "Gen. Garfield"s Nomination," "No, no, gentlemen": "Gen. Garfield"s Nomination," New York Times New York Times, June 15, 1880.
49 "No candidate has a majority": "The Story of the Balloting," "No candidate has a majority": "The Story of the Balloting," New York Times New York Times, June 9, 1880.
50 "If this convention nominates me": Peskin, "If this convention nominates me": Peskin, Garfield Garfield, 476.
51 "And then," a reporter wrote with awe, "then the stampede came": "The Story of the Balloting," "And then," a reporter wrote with awe, "then the stampede came": "The Story of the Balloting," New York Times New York Times, June 9, 1880.
52 "Whenever the vote of Ohio": Sherman, "Whenever the vote of Ohio": Sherman, Recollections of Forty Years in the House, Senate and Cabinet Recollections of Forty Years in the House, Senate and Cabinet, 775.
53 "Cast my vote for Sherman!": Peskin, "Cast my vote for Sherman!": Peskin, Garfield Garfield, 476.
54 "Shall the nomination": "Roscoe Conkling, Political Boss," "Shall the nomination": "Roscoe Conkling, Political Boss," New York Times New York Times, April 14, 1935.
55 "The delegates and others on the floor": "The Story of the Balloting," "The delegates and others on the floor": "The Story of the Balloting," New York Times New York Times, June 9, 1880.
56 "Only once," a reporter recalled, "did he express": "The Story of the Balloting," "Only once," a reporter recalled, "did he express": "The Story of the Balloting," New York Times New York Times, June 9, 1880; "U.S.G."s Waterloo," Boston Globe Boston Globe, June 9, 1880.
57 "As Garfield entered the carriage": "Gen. Garfield"s Nomination," "As Garfield entered the carriage": "Gen. Garfield"s Nomination," New York Times New York Times, June 15, 1880.
58 "grave and thoughtful expression": Ibid. "grave and thoughtful expression": Ibid.
59 When the carriage pulled: "The Story of the Balloting," When the carriage pulled: "The Story of the Balloting," New York Times New York Times, June 8, 1880.
60 "pale as death": "Gen. Garfield"s Wife Notified," "pale as death": "Gen. Garfield"s Wife Notified," New York Times New York Times, June 13, 1880.
Chapter 4: G.o.d"s Minute Man
1 From an early age: From an early age: United States v. Guiteau United States v. Guiteau, 348, 354, 419.
2 "My mother was dead": Ibid., p. 547 "My mother was dead": Ibid., p. 547 3 Charles"s own fanaticism grew: Carden, Charles"s own fanaticism grew: Carden, Oneida Oneida, xiii.
4 Like most of Noyes"s followers: Ibid., 43. Like most of Noyes"s followers: Ibid., 43.
5 "unhealthy and pernicious": Ibid., 4954. "unhealthy and pernicious": Ibid., 4954.
6 "up to the very moment": Ibid., 4950. "up to the very moment": Ibid., 4950.
7 "You prayed G.o.d": Guiteau to J. H. Noyes, no date, Library of the New York City Bar. "You prayed G.o.d": Guiteau to J. H. Noyes, no date, Library of the New York City Bar.
8 "I ask no one to respect me": Guiteau to "Mr. Burt," no date, Library of the New York City Bar. "I ask no one to respect me": Guiteau to "Mr. Burt," no date, Library of the New York City Bar.
9 "G.o.d"s minute man": Guiteau to George Campbell, June 21, 1865, Library of the New York City Bar. "G.o.d"s minute man": Guiteau to George Campbell, June 21, 1865, Library of the New York City Bar.
10 "in the employ of Jesus Christ": Guiteau to "The Community," no date, Library of the New York City Bar. "in the employ of Jesus Christ": Guiteau to "The Community," no date, Library of the New York City Bar.
11 "Chas. J. Guiteau of England": Clark, "Chas. J. Guiteau of England": Clark, The Murder of James A. Garfield The Murder of James A. Garfield, 45.
12 "the Community women": Noyes, " "the Community women": Noyes, "Guiteau v. Oneida Community," 3.
13 In fact, so thorough: Rosenberg, In fact, so thorough: Rosenberg, The Trial of the a.s.sa.s.sin Guiteau The Trial of the a.s.sa.s.sin Guiteau, 19.
14 "practically a Shaker": "practically a Shaker": United States v. Guiteau United States v. Guiteau, 549.
15 "egotism and conceit": Ibid., 297; Rosenberg, "egotism and conceit": Ibid., 297; Rosenberg, The Trial of the a.s.sa.s.sin Guiteau The Trial of the a.s.sa.s.sin Guiteau, 1920.
16 "destined to accomplish": "destined to accomplish": Guiteau v. Oneida Community Guiteau v. Oneida Community, 3.
17 "G.o.d and my own conscience": Guiteau to "The Community," no date. "G.o.d and my own conscience": Guiteau to "The Community," no date.
18 " "warm friend of the Bible": Guiteau to "The Community," April 10, 1865.
19 "labored there for weeks and months": "labored there for weeks and months": United States v. Guiteau United States v. Guiteau, 297.
20 "lost [his] eternal salvation": Ibid., 556. "lost [his] eternal salvation": Ibid., 556.
21 "asked him three questions": Ibid., 299. "asked him three questions": Ibid., 299.
22 "The style and plea of his conduct": Beard, "The Case of Guiteau-A Psychological Study," 32. "The style and plea of his conduct": Beard, "The Case of Guiteau-A Psychological Study," 32.
23 "talked about theology": "talked about theology": United States v. Guiteau United States v. Guiteau, 392.
24 Much more than the work itself: Clark, Much more than the work itself: Clark, The Murder of James A. Garfield The Murder of James A. Garfield, 1213.
25 "I asked Mr. John H. Adams": "I asked Mr. John H. Adams": United States v. Guiteau United States v. Guiteau, 560.
26 "have been in the habit": Ibid., 566. "have been in the habit": Ibid., 566.
27 "failure all the way through": Ibid., 567. "failure all the way through": Ibid., 567.
28 After arriving in a town: Ibid., 573. After arriving in a town: Ibid., 573.
29 On most nights: Rosenberg, On most nights: Rosenberg, The Trial of the a.s.sa.s.sin Guiteau The Trial of the a.s.sa.s.sin Guiteau, 33.
30 "You may say that this is dead beating": "You may say that this is dead beating": United States v. Guiteau United States v. Guiteau, 570.
31 "I had no trouble": Ibid., 569. "I had no trouble": Ibid., 569.
32 "you can arrest a man for a board-bill": Ibid., 568. "you can arrest a man for a board-bill": Ibid., 568.
33 "I was never so much tortured": Ibid., 55859. "I was never so much tortured": Ibid., 55859.
34 "If Mr. Scoville would let me": Guiteau to Frances Scoville, December 11, 1864. "If Mr. Scoville would let me": Guiteau to Frances Scoville, December 11, 1864.
35 Much larger sums of money: Much larger sums of money: United States v. Guiteau United States v. Guiteau, 562; Rosenberg, The Trial of the a.s.sa.s.sin Guiteau The Trial of the a.s.sa.s.sin Guiteau, 30.
36 Searching for another target: "Scoville, Guiteau and Oneida Community," 4, Library of the New York City Bar; Rosenberg, Searching for another target: "Scoville, Guiteau and Oneida Community," 4, Library of the New York City Bar; Rosenberg, The Trial of the a.s.sa.s.sin Guiteau The Trial of the a.s.sa.s.sin Guiteau, 24.
37 "moody [and] self-conceited": "moody [and] self-conceited": United States v. Guiteau United States v. Guiteau, 104849.
38 "If you intend to pay": Guiteau to John Humphrey Noyes, February 19, 1868. "If you intend to pay": Guiteau to John Humphrey Noyes, February 19, 1868.
39 "I infer from your silence": Guiteau to John Humphrey Noyes, March 2, 1868. Hostility against the Oneida Community grew until Noyes and his followers stopped their practice of complex marriage in 1879. A few years later, Noyes and a small group moved to Canada, where Noyes died in 1886. "I infer from your silence": Guiteau to John Humphrey Noyes, March 2, 1868. Hostility against the Oneida Community grew until Noyes and his followers stopped their practice of complex marriage in 1879. A few years later, Noyes and a small group moved to Canada, where Noyes died in 1886.
40 "I have no ill will toward him": Rosenberg, "I have no ill will toward him": Rosenberg, The Trial of the a.s.sa.s.sin Guiteau The Trial of the a.s.sa.s.sin Guiteau, 26, 30, 31.
41 "cut up a little wood for us": "cut up a little wood for us": United States v. Guiteau United States v. Guiteau, 469.
42 "explosions of emotional feeling": Ibid., 352. "explosions of emotional feeling": Ibid., 352.
43 "I had no doubt then": Ibid., 47677. "I had no doubt then": Ibid., 47677.
44 For the next five years: Ibid., 583. For the next five years: Ibid., 583.
45 Believing, as did most of the country: Ibid., 584. Believing, as did most of the country: Ibid., 584.
46 "I remember distinctly": Hayes and Hayes, "I remember distinctly": Hayes and Hayes, A Complete History of the Life and Trial of Charles Julius Guiteau, a.s.sa.s.sin of President Garfield A Complete History of the Life and Trial of Charles Julius Guiteau, a.s.sa.s.sin of President Garfield (hereafter, (hereafter, A Complete History A Complete History), 452.
Chapter 5: Bleak Mountain
1 The house, which the reporters: Garfield, The house, which the reporters: Garfield, Diary Diary, August 22, 1880, 4:445.
2 "regular town": Balch, "regular town": Balch, Life of President Garfield Life of President Garfield, 31415.
3 For the past three years: Garfield, For the past three years: Garfield, Diary Diary, 4:85, 88, 410.
4 To the house itself: National Park Service, "James A. Garfield National Historic Site," To the house itself: National Park Service, "James A. Garfield National Historic Site," www.nps.gov/jaga/index.htm.
5 "You can go nowhere": Leech and Brown, "You can go nowhere": Leech and Brown, The Garfield Orbit The Garfield Orbit, 183.
6 "I long for time": Garfield, "I long for time": Garfield, Diary Diary, September 24, 1879, 4:29899.
7 "take the stump": Peskin, "take the stump": Peskin, Garfield Garfield, 482.
8 Happily left to his own devices: Theodore Clarke Smith, Happily left to his own devices: Theodore Clarke Smith, The Life and Letters of James A. Garfield The Life and Letters of James A. Garfield, 921.
9 "Result 475 bushels": Garfield, "Result 475 bushels": Garfield, Diary Diary, July 31, 1880, 4:432.
10 While Garfield worried: Three independent parties had presidential candidates that year: the Greenback-Labor Party, which, as well as supporting the continuation of paper money, argued fiercely for workers" rights; the Prohibitionists, who wanted a president who would follow in the footsteps of Hayes and ban alcohol in the White House, if not throughout the nation; and the Anti-Masons, which, as their name implied, opposed Freemasons, who they feared were trying to take over the country. Clancy, While Garfield worried: Three independent parties had presidential candidates that year: the Greenback-Labor Party, which, as well as supporting the continuation of paper money, argued fiercely for workers" rights; the Prohibitionists, who wanted a president who would follow in the footsteps of Hayes and ban alcohol in the White House, if not throughout the nation; and the Anti-Masons, which, as their name implied, opposed Freemasons, who they feared were trying to take over the country. Clancy, The Presidential Election of 1880 The Presidential Election of 1880, 15766.
11 "Hanc.o.c.k the Superb": "The Democratic Trojan Horse," "Hanc.o.c.k the Superb": "The Democratic Trojan Horse," New York Times New York Times, July 31, 1880.
12 "rebel party": Peskin, "rebel party": Peskin, Garfield Garfield, 277.
13 In fact, Garfield had turned down the stock: In fact, Garfield had turned down the stock: The Transactions of the Credit Mobilier Company, and an Examination of that Portion of the Testimony Taken by the Committee of Investigation and Reported to the House of Representatives at the Last Session of the Forty-Second Congress which Relates to Mr. Garfield The Transactions of the Credit Mobilier Company, and an Examination of that Portion of the Testimony Taken by the Committee of Investigation and Reported to the House of Representatives at the Last Session of the Forty-Second Congress which Relates to Mr. Garfield. Washington, 1873.
14 "There is nothing in my relation": Theodore Clarke Smith, "There is nothing in my relation": Theodore Clarke Smith, The Life and Letters of James A. Garfield The Life and Letters of James A. Garfield, 530.
15 In the end, the effort to renew: Leech and Brown, In the end, the effort to renew: Leech and Brown, The Garfield Orbit The Garfield Orbit, 218.
16 "Individuals or companys": Theodore Clarke Smith, "Individuals or companys": Theodore Clarke Smith, The Life and Letters of James A. Garfield The Life and Letters of James A. Garfield, 103941.
17 In New York, Garfield campaign clubs: In New York, Garfield campaign clubs: New York Times New York Times, October 2, 1880; September 25, 1880; October 18, 1880.
18 "support Gen. Garfield for President": "support Gen. Garfield for President": New York Times New York Times, September 27, 1880.
19 In Washington, D.C., a former slave: In Washington, D.C., a former slave: New York Times New York Times, July 4, 1880.
20 "Now we"ll use a Freemen"s right": "Now we"ll use a Freemen"s right": Book of Election Songs Book of Election Songs, Song 21, microfilm at the Library of Congress, Garfield Papers.
21 "It could not have been larger": "It could not have been larger": New York Times New York Times, October 26, 1880.
22 "James A. Garfield must be our President": Ibid. "James A. Garfield must be our President": Ibid.
23 "front porch talks": Leech and Brown, "front porch talks": Leech and Brown, The Garfield Orbit The Garfield Orbit, 212.
24 "As the singers poured out": Stanley-Brown, "My Friend Garfield." "As the singers poured out": Stanley-Brown, "My Friend Garfield."
25 A few weeks later: Garfield, A few weeks later: Garfield, Diary Diary, November 2, 1880, 4:480.
26 "coolest man in the room": "At General Garfield"s Home," "coolest man in the room": "At General Garfield"s Home," New York Times New York Times, November 3, 1880.
27 "the news of 3 a.m.": Garfield, "the news of 3 a.m.": Garfield, Diary Diary, November 3, 1880, 4:481.
28 "There is a tone of sadness": Garfield, November 8, 1880, quoted in Theodore Clarke Smith, "There is a tone of sadness": Garfield, November 8, 1880, quoted in Theodore Clarke Smith, The Life and Letters of James A. Garfield The Life and Letters of James A. Garfield, 1048.
Chapter 6: Hand and Soul
1 As Garfield tried to accept: Grosvenor and Wesson, As Garfield tried to accept: Grosvenor and Wesson, Alexander Graham Bell Alexander Graham Bell, 111.