2 Although she continued to spend: Feis, Although she continued to spend: Feis, Mollie Garfield in the White House Mollie Garfield in the White House, 88.
3 "I hope I shall not disappoint you": Shaw, "I hope I shall not disappoint you": Shaw, Lucretia Lucretia, 91.
4 "Blundered!": Lucretia, "Blundered!": Lucretia, Diary Diary, April 20, 1881, in Garfield, Diary Diary, 641, 4:641.
5 "In these few weeks of trial and anxiety": "The President"s Wife," "In these few weeks of trial and anxiety": "The President"s Wife," New York Times New York Times, Aug. 28, 1881.
6 "She must be a pretty brave woman": Mabel Bell to Alexander Graham Bell, July 25, 1881, Bell Family Papers. "She must be a pretty brave woman": Mabel Bell to Alexander Graham Bell, July 25, 1881, Bell Family Papers.
7 "His gradual progress": Reyburn, "His gradual progress": Reyburn, Clinical History of the Case of President James Abram Garfield Clinical History of the Case of President James Abram Garfield, 31.
8 "day of thanksgiving for the recovery": "Thanksgiving for the President," "day of thanksgiving for the recovery": "Thanksgiving for the President," New York Times New York Times, July 13, 1881.
9 "You keep heart": "A Typical American Family," "You keep heart": "A Typical American Family," New York Times New York Times, July 25, 1881.
10 "Every pa.s.sage of his bowels": Reyburn, "Every pa.s.sage of his bowels": Reyburn, Clinical History of the Case of President James Abram Garfield Clinical History of the Case of President James Abram Garfield, 18.
11 "rarely spoke of his condition": Ibid., 14. "rarely spoke of his condition": Ibid., 14.
12 His only link to the outside world: "Still Brighter Prospects," His only link to the outside world: "Still Brighter Prospects," New York Times New York Times, July 8, 1881.
13 " "Strangulatus pro Republica": Theodore Clarke Smith, The Life and Letters of James Abram Garfield The Life and Letters of James Abram Garfield, 2:1193.
14 "There was never a moment": Rockwell, "From Mentor to Elberon." "There was never a moment": Rockwell, "From Mentor to Elberon."
15 Finally, nearly a month after the shooting: Harriet S. Blaine and Beale, Finally, nearly a month after the shooting: Harriet S. Blaine and Beale, Letters of Mrs. James G. Blaine Letters of Mrs. James G. Blaine, p. 220.
16 "But I move the diaphragm": "Still Brighter Prospects," "But I move the diaphragm": "Still Brighter Prospects," New York Times New York Times, July 8, 1881.
17 "I won"t talk to you": "At the Patient"s Bedside," "I won"t talk to you": "At the Patient"s Bedside," New York Times New York Times, July 5, 1881.
18 Friends and family members in Ohio: "The Feeling in Cleveland," Friends and family members in Ohio: "The Feeling in Cleveland," New York Times New York Times, July 4, 1881.
19 "Everywhere," one reporter wrote, "hope and confidence": "The President"s Fight for Life," "Everywhere," one reporter wrote, "hope and confidence": "The President"s Fight for Life," New York Times New York Times, July 7, 1881.
20 "out of danger": Harriet S. Blaine and Beale, "out of danger": Harriet S. Blaine and Beale, Letters of Mrs. James G. Blaine Letters of Mrs. James G. Blaine, 221.
21 "large quant.i.ty": Reyburn, "large quant.i.ty": Reyburn, Clinical History of the Case of President James Abram Garfield Clinical History of the Case of President James Abram Garfield, 3839.
22 "neither ashamed nor afraid": Fisher, "neither ashamed nor afraid": Fisher, Joseph Lister Joseph Lister, 130.
23 "was looking very well": Reyburn, "was looking very well": Reyburn, Clinical History of the Case of President James Abram Garfield Clinical History of the Case of President James Abram Garfield, 39.
24 "he is feverish": Ibid., 40. "he is feverish": Ibid., 40.
25 "drenched with a profuse perspiration": Ibid., 41. "drenched with a profuse perspiration": Ibid., 41.
26 "the President bore": "Complete Medical Record of President Garfield"s Case Containing All of the Official Bulletins," 2526. "the President bore": "Complete Medical Record of President Garfield"s Case Containing All of the Official Bulletins," 2526.
27 He vomited repeatedly: Reyburn, He vomited repeatedly: Reyburn, Clinical History of the Case of President James Abram Garfield Clinical History of the Case of President James Abram Garfield, 43.
28 "weak solution of car bolic [ "weak solution of car bolic [sic] acid": Ibid., 42.
29 Unbeknownst to his doctors: Autopsy of James A. Garfield, 4. Unbeknownst to his doctors: Autopsy of James A. Garfield, 4.
30 An enormous cavity: Ibid., 3. An enormous cavity: Ibid., 3.
31 "We received every morning": Reyburn, "We received every morning": Reyburn, Clinical History of the Case of President James Abram Garfield Clinical History of the Case of President James Abram Garfield, 23.
32 One man sent the doctors plans: Ibid. One man sent the doctors plans: Ibid.
33 A man in Maryland wrote to Bliss: Prichard and Herring, "The Problem of the President"s Bullet," A man in Maryland wrote to Bliss: Prichard and Herring, "The Problem of the President"s Bullet," Surgery, Gynecology, and Obstetrics Surgery, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, 2 (May 1951), 62533.
34 Although Bliss admitted: Ibid., 626. Although Bliss admitted: Ibid., 626.
35 "had a suspicion": Ibid., 627. "had a suspicion": Ibid., 627.
36 "bullet has pierced the liver": "A Great Nation in Grief," "bullet has pierced the liver": "A Great Nation in Grief," New York Times New York Times, July 3, 1881.
37 At least one doctor in Washington: Baker, At least one doctor in Washington: Baker, President Garfield"s Case President Garfield"s Case, 18.
38 Baker even drew up a diagram: Ibid. Baker even drew up a diagram: Ibid.
39 "I felt," he would later explain, "that it was improper": Quoted in Rutkow "I felt," he would later explain, "that it was improper": Quoted in Rutkow, JamesA. Garfield, 117.
40 "These bulletins were often the subject": Reyburn, "These bulletins were often the subject": Reyburn, Clinical History of the Case of President James Abram Garfield Clinical History of the Case of President James Abram Garfield, 19.
41 "If the slightest unfavorable symptom": Reyburn, "If the slightest unfavorable symptom": Reyburn, Clinical History of the Case of President James Abram Garfield Clinical History of the Case of President James Abram Garfield, 19.
42 "Your arrival and "Professor" Tainter"s": Mabel Bell to Alexander Graham Bell, July 16, 1881, Bell Family Papers. "Your arrival and "Professor" Tainter"s": Mabel Bell to Alexander Graham Bell, July 16, 1881, Bell Family Papers.
43 "the experiment will be watched": "Search for the Pistol Ball," "the experiment will be watched": "Search for the Pistol Ball," Washington Post Washington Post, July 15, 1881.
44 "Ordinary telegrams I presume": Bell to Mabel Bell, July 26, 1881, Bell Family Papers. "Ordinary telegrams I presume": Bell to Mabel Bell, July 26, 1881, Bell Family Papers.
45 Since he had agreed to a brief interview: Bell, "Volta Lab Notes," July 18, 1881. Since he had agreed to a brief interview: Bell, "Volta Lab Notes," July 18, 1881.
46 "carried a bullet in his body": Bell, "carried a bullet in his body": Bell, Upon the Electrical Experiments Upon the Electrical Experiments, 18.
47 "sonorous spot": Bell to D. W. Bliss, July 23, 1881, quoted in Bell, "sonorous spot": Bell to D. W. Bliss, July 23, 1881, quoted in Bell, Upon the Electrical Experiments Upon the Electrical Experiments, 54.
48 "Will you do us the favor": D. W. Bliss to Alexander Graham Bell, July 26, 1881, Bell Family Papers. "Will you do us the favor": D. W. Bliss to Alexander Graham Bell, July 26, 1881, Bell Family Papers.
49 "tired, ill, dispirited": Bell to Mabel Bell, July 26, 1881, Bell Family Papers. "tired, ill, dispirited": Bell to Mabel Bell, July 26, 1881, Bell Family Papers.
50 If Bell added a condenser: What was then known as a condenser is today called a capacitor. If Bell added a condenser: What was then known as a condenser is today called a capacitor.
51 Breaking open the instrument: Bell to Mabel Bell, July 26, 1881, Bell Family Papers. Breaking open the instrument: Bell to Mabel Bell, July 26, 1881, Bell Family Papers.
52 Not only did it improve the sound: Bell, Not only did it improve the sound: Bell, Upon the Electrical Experiments Upon the Electrical Experiments, 20.
53 Bell could now detect a bullet: Bell, Bell could now detect a bullet: Bell, Upon the Electrical Experiments Upon the Electrical Experiments, 1620; Bruce, Alexander Graham Bell and the Conquest of Solitude Alexander Graham Bell and the Conquest of Solitude, 345.
54 "trial of the apparatus": Bell to Mabel Bell, July 26, 1881, Bell Family Papers. "trial of the apparatus": Bell to Mabel Bell, July 26, 1881, Bell Family Papers.
55 "Mr. Garfield himself is reported": Mabel Bell to her mother, July 17, 1881, Bell Family Papers. "Mr. Garfield himself is reported": Mabel Bell to her mother, July 17, 1881, Bell Family Papers.
56 "so calm and grand": Bell to Mabel Bell, July 26, 1881, Bell Family Papers. "so calm and grand": Bell to Mabel Bell, July 26, 1881, Bell Family Papers.
57 "the look of a man": Ibid. "the look of a man": Ibid.
58 Frantically, Bell tried everything: Bell, Frantically, Bell tried everything: Bell, Upon the Electrical Experiments Upon the Electrical Experiments, 55.
59 The sound, however, was distracting: Bell to Mabel Bell, July 26, 1881, Bell Family Papers. The sound, however, was distracting: Bell to Mabel Bell, July 26, 1881, Bell Family Papers.
60 Taking in the long wires: Mackenzie, Taking in the long wires: Mackenzie, Alexander Graham Bell Alexander Graham Bell, 237.
61 "His head was so buried": Bell to Mabel Bell, July 26, 1881, Bell Family Papers. "His head was so buried": Bell to Mabel Bell, July 26, 1881, Bell Family Papers.
62 After carefully pulling: Ibid. After carefully pulling: Ibid.
63 As everyone in the room: Ibid. As everyone in the room: Ibid.
64 "sharp and sudden reinforcement": Bruce, "sharp and sudden reinforcement": Bruce, Alexander Graham Bell and the Conquest of Solitude Alexander Graham Bell and the Conquest of Solitude, 346.
65 Finally, with the president quickly tiring: Bell, Finally, with the president quickly tiring: Bell, Upon the Electrical Experiments Upon the Electrical Experiments,55.
66 "I feel woefully disappointed": Bruce, "I feel woefully disappointed": Bruce, Alexander Graham Bell and the Conquest of Solitude Alexander Graham Bell and the Conquest of Solitude, 346.
67 Returning to his laboratory: Bell, Returning to his laboratory: Bell, Upon the Electrical Experiments Upon the Electrical Experiments, 55.
68 "Private and confidential": Bell to Mabel Bell, July 26, 1881, Bell Family Papers. "Private and confidential": Bell to Mabel Bell, July 26, 1881, Bell Family Papers.
Chapter 19: On a Mountaintop, Alone
1 On July 23: "Conkling and His Friends," On July 23: "Conkling and His Friends," New York Times New York Times, July 24, 1881.
2 Conkling, who had always worked: Chidsey, Conkling, who had always worked: Chidsey, The Gentleman from New York The Gentleman from New York, 3.
3 "renew their pledges": "Roscoe Conkling Beaten," "renew their pledges": "Roscoe Conkling Beaten," New York Times New York Times, July 23, 1881.
4 "must not reap the reward": Chidsey, "must not reap the reward": Chidsey, The Gentleman from New York The Gentleman from New York, 355.
5 "moody and fretful": "Conkling and His Friends," "moody and fretful": "Conkling and His Friends," New York Times New York Times, July 24, 1881.
6 "done with politics": Conkling, "done with politics": Conkling, The Life and Letters of Roscoe Conkling The Life and Letters of Roscoe Conkling, 306; Chidsey, The Gentleman from New York The Gentleman from New York, 115.
7 "I presume that if Mr. Arthur": Chidsey, "I presume that if Mr. Arthur": Chidsey, The Gentleman from New York The Gentleman from New York, 354.
8 "Disguise it as they may seek to do": "The Senatorial Contest," "Disguise it as they may seek to do": "The Senatorial Contest," New York Times New York Times, July 6, 1881.
9 Some took a tactical approach: "Arguing About Possibilities," Some took a tactical approach: "Arguing About Possibilities," New York Times New York Times, July 6, 1881. Arthur had been born in Vermont.
10 "shoulder their muskets": "shoulder their muskets": Chicago Tribune Chicago Tribune, July 3, 1881, quoted in Ackerman, Dark Horse Dark Horse, 394.
11 "There is no doubt that he is suffering keenly": "Vice President Arthur," "There is no doubt that he is suffering keenly": "Vice President Arthur," New York Times New York Times, July 5, 1881.
12 "seemed to be overcome": Reeves, "seemed to be overcome": Reeves, Gentleman Boss Gentleman Boss, 242.
13 "unable to conceal his emotion": "Gen. Arthur in Washington," "unable to conceal his emotion": "Gen. Arthur in Washington," New York Times New York Times, July 4, 1881.
14 Finally, a journalist from New York: Finally, a journalist from New York: New York Times New York Times, July 5, 1881.
15 "his head bowed down": Ibid. "his head bowed down": Ibid.
16 "received no visit": "Conkling and His Friends," "received no visit": "Conkling and His Friends," New York Times New York Times, July 24, 1881.
17 "The hours of Garfield"s life are numbered": Julia Sand to Chester Arthur, August 27, 1881, Chester Arthur Papers. "The hours of Garfield"s life are numbered": Julia Sand to Chester Arthur, August 27, 1881, Chester Arthur Papers.
18 "dead and buried": Reeves, "dead and buried": Reeves, Gentleman Boss Gentleman Boss, 296.
19 "Your kindest opponents say": Julia Sand to Chester Arthur, August 27, 1881, Chester Arthur Papers. "Your kindest opponents say": Julia Sand to Chester Arthur, August 27, 1881, Chester Arthur Papers.
20 Over the years, he would keep: Reeves, Over the years, he would keep: Reeves, Gentleman Boss Gentleman Boss, 478.
21 "It is not the proof of highest goodness": Julia Sand to Chester Arthur, August27, 1881, Chester Arthur Papers. "It is not the proof of highest goodness": Julia Sand to Chester Arthur, August27, 1881, Chester Arthur Papers.
22 "As the President gets better": Reeves, "As the President gets better": Reeves, Gentleman Boss Gentleman Boss, 242.
23 "thoroughly aired and cleaned": Clark, "thoroughly aired and cleaned": Clark, The Murder of James A. Garfield The Murder of James A. Garfield, 9; Reyburn, Clinical History of the Case of President James Abram Garfield Clinical History of the Case of President James Abram Garfield, 44.
24 Soon after taking charge of the case: Rockwell, "From Mentor to Elberon." Soon after taking charge of the case: Rockwell, "From Mentor to Elberon."
25 Now, Bliss took over: "President Garfield"s Case," Now, Bliss took over: "President Garfield"s Case," American Observer American Observer, 494.
26 "devoting all my professional skills": D. W. Bliss, on White House stationery, August 13, 1881. "devoting all my professional skills": D. W. Bliss, on White House stationery, August 13, 1881.
27 "farther into the cavity": Reyburn, "farther into the cavity": Reyburn, Clinical History of the Case of President James Abram Garfield Clinical History of the Case of President James Abram Garfield, 46.
28 "Courage": Mabel Bell to Alexander Graham Bell, July 29, 1881, Bell Family Papers. "Courage": Mabel Bell to Alexander Graham Bell, July 29, 1881, Bell Family Papers.
29 When Bliss"s letter arrived: When Bliss"s letter arrived: Boston Herald Boston Herald, quoted in Bruce, Alexander Graham Bell and the Conquest of Solitude Alexander Graham Bell and the Conquest of Solitude, 347; author interview with Roger Sherman, National Museum of American History.
30 "Splendid!": Bell, "Volta Lab Notes," July 30, 1881. "Splendid!": Bell, "Volta Lab Notes," July 30, 1881.