139 Sir Ian Gilmour, b. 1926, a Conservative MP from 1962, a minister throughout the Heath Government ending as Secretary of State for Defence, became Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (with much European responsibility) 197981. He and his wife, (Lady) Caroline Gilmour, appear in a variety of places throughout the diary.
140 William (Lord cr. 1988) Rees-Mogg, b. 1928, was editor of The Times 196781, and has subsequently been Vice-Chairman of the BBC and Chairman of the Arts Council.
141 Lord Blake, b. 1916, historian and biographer, was Provost of Queen"s College, Oxford, 196887. He was to be one of my rivals for the Chancellorship of Oxford.
142 Peter, 6th Lord Carrington KG, b. 1919, succ. 1938, had been Defence Secretary 19704 and was to be Foreign Secretary 197982, and Secretary-General of NATO 19848. In the summer of 1976 I tried to get him to come to Brussels as the second British Commissioner and was surprisingly close to succeeding.
143 Malcolm Fraser, b. 1930, succeeded Gough Whitlam as Prime Minister of Australia in 1975 and held the office until 1983.
144 Andrew Peac.o.c.k, b. 1939, was Australian Foreign Minister 197580 and leader of the Liberal Party 19805.
145 John Prescott, b. 1938, has been Labour MP for Kingston-upon-Hullsince 1970, leader of the British Labour Group in the European Parliament 19769.
146 Jim Cattermole, b. 1910, had been my agent when I was adopted as candidate for Solihull in 1945. Subsequently a Labour Party regional organizer and then the organizational linchpin of all pro-European activity within the Labour Party.
147 We did.
148 Sir Seretse Khama, 192180, was an hereditary tribal ruler who became the first President of the newly independent Botswana in 1966. His 1948 marriage to Ruth Williams of Croydon plunged him into racial controversy and made him a temporary hero of the left in Britain.
149 Alexander Haig, b. 1924, was Chief of the White House Staff 19734, Supreme Allied Commander Europe 19749, and US Secretary of State 19812.
150 Lord Plowden, b. 1907, had been Chief Planner at the Treasury under Cripps, Gaitskell and Butler, Chairman of the Atomic Energy Authority 19549, and Chairman of Tube Investments Ltd 196376.
151 Professor Dr Karl Schiller, b. 1911, had been Minister of Economics in the Federal German Government 196672.
152 Guido Carli, b. 1914, had been Governor of the Bank of Italy 196176.
153 Morgan Philips Price, 18851973, was a fox-hunting squire who, after being Manchester Guardian and Daily Herald correspondent in Russia and later Berlin 191423, became a Labour MP 192931 and 193559.
154 Josef Van der Meulen, 191484, was Belgian Permanent Representative to the European Community 195979.
155 This was the proposal which I had tentatively outlined to Schmidt on 18 March (see page 68 supra) and which we eventually achieved under the name of "the Ortoli facility" (he administered the loans).
156 Anthony Wedgwood Benn, b. 1925, the foremost advocate of the 1975 referendum "to settle the issue", was then mounting a campaign to ignore that decision and bring Britain out of Europe.
157 Sir Roy Denman, b. 1924, had previously been a Second Permanent Secretary in the British Cabinet Office. Head of the Commission delegation in Washington since 1982.
158 In 1947 Scelba was Italian Minister for the Interior and played a notable role in narrowly averting a Communist takeover following a collapse into strike-induced chaos.
159 Joe (cr. Lord 1982) Gormley, b. 1917, President of the National Union of Mineworkers 197182.
160 Lord Montagu of Beaulieu, b. 1926, now Chairman of English Heritage.
161 George Howard, 192084, was a Balliol contemporary, lord of Castle Howard and later Chairman of the BBC.
162 Lord O"Hagan, b. 1945. He became a Conservative Member of the European Parliament in 1979.
163 Article 131 was the provision in the accession arrangements for Britain, Denmark and Ireland allowing a strictly limited adjustment if the budgetary burden upon one country became manifestly excessive.
164 John Davies, 191679. Having been Director-General of the CBI 19659, he was a minister throughout the Heath Government and shadow foreign affairs spokesman 19768. Mrs Thatcher tried to nominate him as the second British Commissioner in 1976, but I successfully preferred Christopher Tugendhat.
165 Sir Michael Palliser, b. 1922, was Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office 197582.
166 Geoffrey Rippon, b. 1924, cr. Lord Rippon 1987. Edward Heath"s chief negotiator for Britain"s entry to Europe, 19702. Secretary of State for the Environment 19724. Leader of the Conservative Group in the European Parliament 19779.
167 Sir Peter Ramsbotham, b. 1919, was Amba.s.sador to Teheran 19714, and to Washington 19747. Subsequently Governor of Bermuda.
168 Edmund Dell, b. 1921, Labour MP for Birkenhead 196479, was Secretary of State for Trade 19768, when he left the Government and became Chairman of Guinness Peat and subsequently of Channel Four TV.
169 Sir Leo Pliatzky, b. 1919, was an Oxford contemporary who was a Treasury official 195077, and Permanent Secretary, Department of Trade, 19779.
170 Frances Morrell, b. 1937, became Chairman of the Inner London Education Authority 19837.
171 Marcelino Oreja Aguirre, b. 1935, was Spanish Foreign Minister 197680, and has been Secretary-General of the Council of Europe at Strasbourg since 1984.
172 Jo Grimond, b. 1913, cr. Lord Grimond 1983, leader of the Liberal Party 195667.
173 David Carritt, 192781. Highly talented in the attribution of Renaissance paintings.
174 11th Earl of Drogheda, b. 1910. Managing Director of the Financial Times 194570, and Chairman of the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, 195674.
175 Diana Phipps, b. 1937, the daughter of a Bohemian family with land in Czechoslovakia (see her mother"s book, The Journey, by Cecilia Sternberg, 1982), married the scion of a well-known New York family who died young, and was settled in England, mainly at Buscot Parsonage, during the period of this diary.
176 So called because it normally met in the Albany apartment of Harry Walston, b. 1912, cr. Lord Walston 1961. It was composed of embryonic members of the SDP who were strongly pro-European and had supported me for the Labour Party leadership in 1976.
177 John Harris, b. 1930, cr. Lord Harris of Greenwich 1974, Minister of State at the Home Office 19749, has been closely a.s.sociated with me since 1965.
178 Selwyn Lloyd, 190478, cr. Lord Selwyn-Lloyd 1976, Foreign Secretary at the time of Suez and until 1960, then Chancellor of the Exchequer 19602, and Speaker of the House of Commons 19716.
179 Ian Wrigglesworth, b. 1939, a Teesside MP, first Labour and then SDP, 197487. Now President of the Social and Liberal Democrats.
180 Giscard suddenly decided that he wanted the job for his ineffective ex-Foreign Minister, Jean Sauvagnargues.
181 Christopher Soames, 192087, cr. Lord Soames 1978, had been Amba.s.sador to Paris 196872, and a Vice-President of the European Commission 19737. He was married to Mary Churchill.
182 Robert Marjolin, 191186. Secretary-General of OEEC 194855, and a Vice-President of the European Commission 195867.
183 Georges Marchais, b. 1920, has been Secretary-General of the French Communist Party since 1972.
184 Lady Lee of Asheridge since 1970, widow of Aneurin Bevan, Labour MP 192931 and 194570. Minister of the Arts (under various t.i.tles) 196470.
185 I.e. that we should not press for a representative of the country holding the presidency of the Community (then Belgium) to accompany Crispin Tickell to meetings of Summit "sherpas".
186 No longer so. One result of the British decision to stay out of full EMS partic.i.p.ation has been to cut the special monetary links between Dublin and London.
187 The French wanted to take a very hard line against the Third World cane sugar producers in order to protect the beet sugar farmers of Picardy and Champagne.
188 Victor (3rd Lord) Rothschild, b. 1910, had, amongst other notable accomplishments, set up the Central Policy Review Staff ("Think Tank") in the Cabinet Office, 19714.
189 John Howard, b. 1939, in 1985 replaced Andrew Peac.o.c.k, who had replaced Malcolm Fraser, as leader of the Opposition in Australia.
190 Sir Douglas Allen, b. 1917, cr. Lord Croham 1978, was Permanent Secretary of the Treasury when I was Chancellor.
191 Joel Barnett, b. 1923, cr. Lord Barnett 1983, was Chief Secretary of the Treasury 19749, and is now deputy Chairman of the BBC.
192 Sir John Hunt, b. 1919, then Secretary of the Cabinet, is now Lord Hunt of Tanworth, and Chairman of the Prudential a.s.surance Company.
193 Helmut Sigrist, b. 1919, German Permanent Representative to the European Community 19779, Amba.s.sador to Greece 197984.
194 In 1976 Prince Bernhard had been touched by a Lockheed bribery scandal relating to the sale of military aircraft. Vredeling, who was then Dutch Minister of Defence, presided over the subsequent surrender by the Prince of his military rank, and hence his uniforms.
195 Roland de Kergorlay, b. 1926, was the chief official dealing with enlargement. From 1980 to 1982 he was head of the Commission delegation in Washington.
196 John Kenneth Galbraith, b. 1908, Harvard professor since 1949 and US Amba.s.sador to India 19613.
197 (Sir) Reg Prentice, b. 1923, was Secretary of State for Education and Minister of Overseas Development 19746. He was MP for Newham, where his left-wing local party tried to disown him. Shirley Williams and I spoke for and with him at a very riotous meeting in the local Town Hall in September 1975. After he joined the Conservative Party he became MP for Daventry 197987, and a middle-rank minister 197981.
198 They did not.
199 An altered name.
200 Roy Mason, b. 1924, cr. Lord Mason 1987, was Labour MP for Barnsley 195387, and Secretary of State for Northern Ireland 19769.
201 Councillor George Canning, 19251981, who became Lord Mayor of Birmingham 197980, had been my Stechford agent, and later chairman, for many years. He was a man on whose opinions I placed great reliance.
202 Max Kohnstamm (Dutch), b. 1914, an adjutant of Monnet"s in the later fifties, sixties and early seventies, was Rector of the European University Inst.i.tute in Florence 197581.
203 Giovanni Agnelli, b. 1921, Chairman of Fiat since 1966.
204 Talleyrand was Bishop of Autun from 1788 to 1791.
205 Adolfo Suarez, b. 1932, was Spanish Prime Minister 197681.
206 Viscount Dunrossil, b. 1926, the son of Mr Speaker W. S. Morrison, was then Counsellor at the British Emba.s.sy to Belgium. Later Governor of Bermuda.
207 General Sir Harry Tuzo, b. 1917, was then deputy Supreme Allied Commander, Europe.
208 Victor Constancio, b. 1943. Recently leader of the Portuguese Socialist Party, having been Governor of the Bank of Portugal before that.
209 Portugal was in a great balance-of-payments mess, and the IMF, as is their wont, were demanding stringent deflation as a condition of further credits.
210 General Antonio Eanes, b. 1935, was President of Portugal 197686.
211 Essentially the dispute was between my desire for a leap forward and his determination to stick to the traditional step-by-step approach.
212 George Brown, 191485, cr. Lord George-Brown 1970, was deputy leader of the Labour Party 196070, First Secretary 19646, and Foreign Secretary 19668.
213 Sir Robert (cr. Lord 1988) Armstrong, b. 1927, was then Permanent Under-Secretary at the Home Office. He had been my Private Secretary in 1968; Secretary of the Cabinet 197987.
214 Jeremy Thorpe, b. 1929, was leader of the Liberal Party 196776.
215 Lord Gladwyn, b. 1900, had as Sir Gladwyn Jebb been Amba.s.sador to the United Nations and to Paris 195060. Deputy leader of the Liberal Party in the House of Lords since 1965.
216 Michael O"Kennedy, b. 1936, Irish Foreign Minister 19779, and Finance Minister 197980. Member of the European Commission 19812.
217 Sicco Mansholt, b. 1908, Dutch-nominated Commissioner 195873, President of the Commission for the unexpired portion of the resigned Malfatti"s term 19723.
218 Kurt Birrenbach, a CDU M.d.B with strong business and international connections, who had been a partic.i.p.ant in most major international conferences since the 1950s.
219 Richard von Weizsacher, b. 1920, President of the Federal Republic since 1984.
220 Denis Howell, b. 1923, MP for Birmingham, Small Heath, since 1961 and for All Saints before that, and always a great pillar of sporting (and pro-European) good sense within the Labour Party.
221 Altiero Spinelli, 190786, was imprisoned by Mussolini 192743, a European Commissioner 19706, a "Communist and Allied" Member of the European Parliament 197686, and as the author of the Spinelli Report, one of the few people to have driven Europe forward in the early 1980s.
222 Gustave Ansart, b. 1917, was a French Deputy 19568 and again from 1972. A Member of the European Parliament 197781.
223 n.o.buhika Ushiba, 190986, was a j.a.panese diplomat (former Amba.s.sador to Washington) who was seconded to this role.
224 Charles Jenkins, b. 1949, is our elder son.
225 In 1977 steel and textiles were both in a state of depression as a result of declining markets leading to overproduction and cheap supplies washing about the world trying to find a home at almost any price. Commission policy was directed to anti-dumping rules, fixed "reference prices" (for steel), restructuring and use of the Social Fund for conversion and retraining schemes.
226 Panayotis Papaligouras, b. 1917, was Greek Foreign Minister 19778, having previously been Governor of the Bank of Greece and Minister of Planning.
227 Michael Astor, 191680, was the third son of Waldorf (2nd Viscount) and Nancy Astor. MP 194551, but much more interested in the London Library, the Arts Council and his own writing and painting.
228 (Sir) Stuart Hampshire, b. 1914, philosopher, was Warden of Wadham College, Oxford, 197084.
229 Hilde Himmelweit was Professor of Social Psychology at the London School of Economics 196483.
230 Tom Bradley, b. 1926, MP for Leicester, Labour 196281 and SDP 19813, had been my Parliamentary Private Secretary at the Ministry of Aviation, Home Office and Treasury 196470.
231 Woodrow Wyatt, b. 1918, became Lord Wyatt of Weeford in 1987. A Labour MP 194555 and 195970, a friend since the 1940s.
232 Countess of Avon and widow of Anthony Eden.
233 Sir Arnold Weinstock, b. 1924, cr. Lord Weinstock 1980, has been Managing Director of the General Electric Company since 1963.
234 (Sir) John Jacob Astor, b. 1918, is the fourth son of Waldorf (2nd Viscount) and Nancy Astor. MP 19519. Chairman of the Agricultural Research Council 196878. My House of Commons "pair" in the 1950s, he became, and remains, an exceptional friend.
1 Lord Zuckerman, OM, b. 1904, was Scientific Adviser, first to the Ministry of Defence and then to the Government, 196071. Secretary and then President of the Zoological Society of London, 195584. His greatest fame rests upon his nuclear knowledge and scepticism.