I. Consider the motives of this act.
Now that is ground upon which the Evangelists very seldom enter. They tell us what Christ did, but very rarely do they give us any glimpses into why He did it. But this section of the Gospel is remarkable for its full and careful a.n.a.lysis of what Christ"s impelling motives were in the final acts of His life. How did John find out why Christ did this deed? Perhaps he who had "leaned upon His bosom at supper," and was evidently very closely a.s.sociated with Him, may, in some unrecorded hour of intimate communion during the forty days between the Resurrection and the Ascension, have heard from the Master the exposition of His motives. But more probably, I think, the long years of growing likeness to his Lord, and of meditation upon the depth of meaning in the smallest events that his faithful memory recalled, taught him to understand Christ"s purpose and motives. "The secret of the Lord is with them that fear Him," and the liker we get to our Master and the more we are filled with His Spirit, the more easy will it be for us to divine the purpose and the motives of His actions, whether as they are recorded in the Scripture or as they come to us in the experience of daily life.
But, pa.s.sing that point, I desire for a moment to fix your attention on the twofold key to our Lord"s action which is given in this context. There is, first of all, in the first verse of the chapter, a general exposition of what was uppermost in His mind and heart during the whole of the period in the upper room. The act in our text, and the wonderful words which follow in the subsequent chapters, crowned by that great intercessory prayer, seem to me to be all explained for us by this first unveiling of His motives. "When Jesus knew that His hour was come that He should depart out of this world unto the Father, having loved His own which were in the world, He loved them unto the end."
And then the words of my text, which apply more specifically to the single incident with which they are brought into connection, tell us in addition why this one manifestation of Christ"s love was given.
"Knowing that the Father had given all things into His hands, and that He was come from G.o.d, and went to G.o.d." There, then, are two explanations of motive, the one covering a wider area than the other, but both converging on the incident before us.
The first of these is just this--the consciousness of impending separation moved Christ to a more than ordinarily tender manifestation of His love. For the rendering which you will find in the margin of the Revised Version, "He loved them _to the uttermost_," seems to me to be truer to the Evangelist"s meaning than the other, "He loved them unto the end." For it was more to John"s purpose to tell us that the shadow of the Cross only brought to the surface in more blessed and wonderful representation the deep love of His heart, than simply to tell us that that shadow did not stop its flow. It is much to know that all through His sorrow He continued to love; it is far more to know that the sorrow sharpened its poignancy, and deepened its depth, and made more tender its tenderness.
How near to the man Christ that thought brings us! Do we not all know the impulse to make parting moments tender moments? The masks of use and wont drop off; the reticence which we, perhaps wisely, ordinarily cultivate in regard to our deepest feelings melts away. We yearn to condense all our unspoken love into some one word, act, look, or embrace, which it may afterwards be life to two hearts to remember.
And Jesus Christ felt this. Because He was going away He could not but pour out Himself yet more completely than in the ordinary tenor of His life. The earthquake lays bare hidden veins of gold, and the heart opens itself out when separation impends. We shall never understand the works of Jesus Christ if we do as we are all apt to do, think of them as having only a didactic and doctrinal purpose. We must remember that there is in Him the true play of a human heart, and that it was to relieve His own love, as well as to teach these men their duty, that he rose from the supper, and prepared Himself to wash the disciples" feet.
Then, on the other hand, the other motive which is brought by the Evangelists more immediately into connection with this incident is, "knowing that the Father had given all things into His hands, and that He was come from G.o.d, and went to G.o.d."
The consciousness of the highest dignity impels to the lowliest submission. "All things given into His hands," means universal and absolute dominion. "That He was come from G.o.d," means pre-existence, voluntary incarnation, an eternal divine nature, and unbroken communion with the Father. "That He went to G.o.d," means a voluntary departure from this low world, and a return to "His own calm home, His habitation from eternity."
And, gathered all together, the phrases imply His absolute consciousness of His divine nature. It was that that sent Him with the towel round His loins to wash the foul feet of the pedestrians who had come by the dusty and hot way from Bethany, and through all the abominations of an Eastern city, into the upper chamber.
This was He who from the beginning "was with G.o.d, and was G.o.d." This was He who was the Lord of Death, Victor over the grave. This was He who by His own power ascended up on high, and reigns on the throne of the universe to-day. This was He whose breast the same Evangelist had seen before he wrote his Gospel, "girded with the golden girdle" of priesthood and of sovereignty; and holding, in the hands that had laid the towel on the disciples" feet, the seven stars.
Oh, brethren! if we believed our creeds, how our hearts would melt with wonder and awe that He who was so high stooped so low! "Knowing that He came from G.o.d, and went to G.o.d," and that even when He was kneeling there before these men, "the Father had given all things into His hands," what did He do? Triumph? Show His majesty? Flash His power? Demand service? "Girded Himself with a towel and washed His disciples" feet"!
The consciousness of loftiness does not alone avail to explain the transcendent lowliness. You need the former motive to be joined with it, because it is only love which bends loftiness to service, and turns the consciousness of superiority into yearning to divest oneself of the superiorities that separate, and to emphasise the emotions which unite.
II. The detailed completeness of the act.
The remarkable particularity of the account of the stages of the humiliation suggests the eye-witness. John carried them all in his mind ineffaceably, and long, long years after that memorable hour we hear him recalling each detail of the scene. We can see the little group startled by the disturbance of the order of the meal as He rose from the table, and the hushed wonder and the open-lipped expectation with which they watched to see what the next step would be. He rises from the table and divests Himself of the upper garments which impeded movement. "What will He do next?" He takes the basin, standing there to be ready for washing the apostles" feet, but unused, and not even filled with water. He fills it Himself, asking none to help Him. He girds the towel round Him; and then, perhaps, begins with the betrayer; at any rate, not with Peter.
Cannot you see them, as they look? Do not you feel the solemnity of the detailed particular account of each step?
And may we not also say that all is a parable, or ill.u.s.tration, on a lower level, of the very same principles which were at work in the mightier fact of the greater condescension of His "becoming flesh and dwelling among us"? He "rose from the table," as He rose from His place in "the bosom of the Father." He disturbed the meal as He broke the festivities of the heavens. He divested Himself of His garments, as "He thought not equality with G.o.d a thing to be worn eagerly"; and "He girded Himself with the towel," as He put on the weakness of flesh. Himself He filled the basin, by His own work providing the means of cleansing; and Himself applied the cleansing to the feet of those who were with Him. It is all a working out of the same double motive which drew Him downwards to our earth. The reason why He stooped, with His hands to wash the disciples" feet, is the same as the reason why He had hands to wash with--viz., that knowing Himself to be high over all, and loving all, He chose to become one with us, that we might become like unto Him. So the details of the act are a parable of His incarnation and death.
III. And then, still further, note the purpose of the deed.
Now although I have said that we never rightly understand our Lord"s actions if we are always looking for dogmatic or doctrinal purposes, and thinking of them rather as being lectures, and sometimes rebukes in act, than as being the outgush of His emotions and His human-divine nature, yet we have also to take into account their moral and spiritual lessons. His acts are words and His words are acts. And although the main and primary purpose of this incident, in so far as it had any other purpose than to relieve Christ"s own love by manifesting itself, and to comfort the disciples" hearts by the tender manifestation, was to teach them their duty, as we shall presently see, yet the special aspect of cleansing, which comes out so emphatically and prominently in the episode of Peter"s refusal, is to be carried all along through the interpretation of the incident. This was the reason why Jesus Christ came from heaven and a.s.sumed flesh, and this was the reason why Jesus Christ, a.s.suming flesh, bowed Himself to this menial office--to make men clean.
I venture to say that we never understand Jesus Christ and His work until we recognise this as its prominent purpose, to cleanse us from sin. An inadequate conception of what we need, shallow, superficial views of the gravity and universality and obstinacy of the fact of sin, are an impenetrable veil between us and all real understanding of Jesus Christ. There is no adequate motive for such an astounding fact as the incarnation and sacrifice of the Son of G.o.d, except the purpose of redeeming the world. If you do not believe that you--you individually, and all of us your brethren--need to be cleansed, you will find it hard to believe in the divinity and atonement of Jesus Christ. If you have been down into the depths of your own heart, and found out what tremendous, diabolic power your own evil nature and sin have upon you, then you will not be content with anything less than the incarnate G.o.d who stoops from heaven to bear the burden of your sin, and to take it all away. If you want to understand why He laid aside His garments and took the servile form of our manhood, the appeal of man"s sin to His love and the answer of His Divine condescension are the only explanation.
Again, let me remind you that there is no cleansing without Christ.
Can you do it for yourselves, do you think? There is an old proverb, "One hand washes the other." That is true about stains on the flesh.
It is not true about stains on our spirits. n.o.body can do it for us but Jesus Christ alone. He kneels before us, having the right and the power to wash us because He has died for us. Kings of England used to touch for "the king"s evil," and lay their pure fingers upon feculent ma.s.ses of corruption. Our King"s touch is sovereign for the corruption and incipient putrefaction of our sin; and there is no power in heaven or earth that will make a man clean except the power of Jesus Christ.
It is either Jesus Christ or filthiness.
If I might pa.s.s from my text for one moment, I would remind you of the episode which immediately follows, and suggest that if Jesus Christ is not cleansing us He is nothing to us. "If I wash thee not, thou hast no part in Me." I know, of course, that it is possible to have partial, rudimentary, and sometimes reverent conceptions of that Lord without recognising in Him the great "Fountain opened for sin and for uncleanness." But I am sure of this, that there is no real, living possession of Jesus Christ such as men"s souls need, and such as will outlast the disintegrating influences of death, unless it be such a possession of Him as appropriates for its own, primarily, His cleansing power. First of all He must cleanse, and then all other aspects of His glory, and gifts of His grace, will pour into our hearts.
No understanding of Christ, then, without the recognition that cleansing is the purpose and the vindication of His incarnation and sacrifice; no cleansing without Christ; no Christ worth calling by the name without cleansing.
IV. And so, lastly, note the pattern in this act.
You will remember that it is followed by solemn words spoken after He had taken His garments and resumed His place at the table, in which there blended, in the most wonderful fashion, the consciousness of authority, both as Teacher of truth and as Guide of life, and the sweetest and most loving lowliness. In them Jesus prescribed the wonderful act of His condescending love and cleansing power as the law of the Christian life. There are too many of us who profess to be quite willing to trust to Jesus Christ as the Cleanser of our souls who are not nearly so willing to accept His Example as the pattern for our lives; and I would have you note, as an extremely remarkable point, that all the New Testament references to our Lord as being our Example are given in immediate connection with His pa.s.sion. The very part of His life which we generally regard as being most absolutely unique and inimitable is the fact in His life which Apostles and Evangelists select as the one to set before us for our example.
Do you ask if any man can copy the sufferings of Jesus Christ? In regard to their virtue and efficacy, No. In regard to their motive--in one aspect, No; in another aspect, Yes. In regard to the spirit that impelled Him we may copy Him. The smallest trickle of water down a city gutter will carve out of the mud at its side little banks and cliffs, and exhibit all the phenomena of erosion on the largest scale, as the Mississippi does over half a continent, and the tiniest little wave in a basin will fall into the same curves as the billows of mid-ocean. You and I, in our little lives, may even aspire to "do as I have done to you."
The true use of superiority is service. _n.o.blesse oblige_! Bank, wealth, capacity, talents, all things are given to us that we may use them to the last particle for our fellows. Only when the world and society have awakened to that great truth which the towel-girded, kneeling Christ has taught us, will society be organised on the principles that G.o.d meant.
But, further, the highest form of service is to cleanse. Cleansing is always dirty work for the cleaners, as every housemaid knows. You cannot make people clean by scolding them, by lecturing them, by patronising them. You have to go down into the filth if you mean to lift them out of it; and leave your smelling-bottles behind; and think nothing repulsive if your stooping to it may save a brother.
The only way by which we can imitate that example is by, first of all, partic.i.p.ating in it for ourselves. We must, first of all, have the Cross as our trust, before it can become our pattern and our law. We must first say, "Lord! not my feet only, but also my hands and my head," and then, in the measure in which we ourselves have received the cleansing benediction, we shall be impelled and able to lay our gentle hands on foulness and leprosy; and to say to all the impure, "Jesus Christ, who hath cleansed _me_, makes _thee_ clean."
THE DISMISSAL OF JUDAS
"... Then said Jesus unto Judas, That thou doest, do quickly."--JOHN xiii. 27.
When our Lord gave the morsel, dipped in the dish, to Judas, only John knew the significance of the act. But if we supplement the narrative here with that given by Matthew, we shall find that, accompanying the gift of the sop, was a brief dialogue in which the betrayer, with unabashed front, hypocritically said, "Lord! Is it I?" and heard the solemn, sad answer, "Thou sayest!" Two things, then, appealed to him at the moment: one, the conviction that he was discovered; the other, the wonderful a.s.surance that he was still loved, for the gift of the morsel was a token of friendliness. He shut his heart against them both; and as he shut his heart against Christ he opened it to the devil. So "after the sop Satan entered into him." At that moment a soul committed suicide; and none of those that sat by, with the exception of Christ and the "disciple whom He loved," so much as dreamed of the tragedy going on before their eyes.
I know not that there are anywhere words more weighty and wonderful than those of our text. And I desire to try if I can at all make you feel as I feel, their solemn signification and force. "That thou doest, do quickly."
I. I hear in them, first, the voice of despairing love abandoning the conflict.
If I have rightly construed the meaning of the incident, this is the plain meaning of it. And you will observe that the Revised Version, more accurately and closely rendering the words of our text, begins with a "_Therefore_." "Therefore said Jesus unto him," because the die was cast; because the will of Judas had conclusively welcomed Satan, and conclusively rejected Christ; therefore, knowing that remonstrance was vain, knowing that the deed was, in effect, done, Jesus Christ, that Incarnate Charity which "believeth all things, and hopeth all things," abandoned the man to himself, and said, "There, then, if thou wilt thou must. I have done all I can; my last arrow is shot, and it has missed the target. That then doest, do quickly."
There is a world of solemn meaning in that one little word "doest." It teaches us the old lesson, which sense is so apt to forget, that the true actor in man"s deeds is "the hidden man of the heart," and that when it has acted, it matters comparatively little whether the mere tool and instrument of the hands or of the other organs have carried out the behest. The thing is done before it is done when the man has resolved, with a fixed will, to do it. The betrayal was as good as in process, though no step beyond the introductory ones, which could easily have been cancelled, had yet been accomplished. Because there was a fixed purpose which could not be altered by anything now, therefore Jesus Christ regards the act as completed. It is what we think in our hearts that we are; and our fixed determinations, our inclinations of will, are far more truly our doings than the mere consequences of these, embodied in actuality. It is but a poor estimate of a man that judges him by the test of what he has done.
What he has wanted to do is the true man; what he has attempted to do.
"It was well that it was in thine heart!" saith G.o.d to the king who thought of building the Temple which he was never allowed to rear. "It is ill that is in thine heart," says He by whom actions are weighed, to the sinner in purpose, though his clean hands lie idly in his lap.
These hidden movements of desire and will that never come to the surface are our true selves. Look after them, and the deeds will take care of themselves. Serpent"s eggs have serpents in them. And he that has determined upon a sin has done the sin, whether his hands have been put to it or no.
But, then, turn for a moment to the other thought that is suggested here--that solemn picture of a soul left to do as it will, because divine love has no other restraints which it can impose, and is bankrupt of motives that it can adduce to prevent it from its madness.
Now I do not believe, for my part, that any man in this world is so all-round "sold unto sin" as that the seeking love of G.o.d gives him up as irreclaimable. I do not believe that there are any people concerning whom it is true that it is impossible for the grace of G.o.d to find some c.h.i.n.k and cranny in their souls through which it can enter and change them. There are no hopeless cases as long as men are here. But, then, though there may not be so, in regard to the whole sweep of the man"s nature, yet every one of us, over and over again, has known what it is to come exactly into that position in regard to some single evil or other, concerning which we have so set our teeth and planted our feet at such an angle of resistance as that G.o.d gives up dealing with us and leaves us, as He did with Balaam when He opposed his covetous inclinations to all the remonstrances of Heaven.
G.o.d said at last to him "Go!" because it was the best way to teach him what a fool he had been in wanting to go. Thus, when we determine to set ourselves against the pleadings and the beseechings of divine love, the truest kindness is to fling the reins upon our necks, and let us gallop ourselves into a sweat and weariness, and then we shall be more amenable to the touch of the rein thereafter.
Are there any people whom G.o.d is teaching obedience to His light touch, by letting them run their course after some one specific sin?
Perhaps there are. At all events, let us remember that that position of being allowed to do as we like is one to which we all tend, in the measure in which we indulge our inclinations, and shut our hearts against G.o.d"s pleadings. There is such a thing as a conscience seared as with a hot iron. They used to say that there were witches" marks on the body, places where, if you stuck a pin in, there was no feeling.
Men cover themselves all over with marks of that sort, which are not sensitive even to the p.r.i.c.k of a divine remonstrance, rebuke, or retribution. They "wipe their mouths and say I have done no harm." You can tie up the clapper of the bell that swings on the black rock, on which, if you drift, you go to pieces. You can silence the Voice by the simple process of neglecting it. Judas set his teeth against two things, the solemn conviction that Jesus Christ knew his sin, and the saving a.s.surance that Jesus Christ loved him still. And whosoever resists either of these two is getting perilously near to the point where, not in petulance but in pity, G.o.d will say, "Very well, I have called and ye have refused. Now go, and do what you want to do, and see how you like it when it is done. What thou doest, do quickly." Do you remember the other word, "If "_twere_ done when "tis done, then "twere well it were done quickly"? But since consequences last when deeds are past, perhaps you had better halt before you determine to do them.
II. Now, secondly, I hear in these words the voice of strangely blended majesty and humiliation.
"What thou doest, do!" Judas thought he had got possession of Christ"s person, and was His master in a very real sense. When lo! all at once the victim a.s.sumes the position of the Lord and commands, showing the traitor that instead of thwarting and counterworking, he was but carrying out the designs of his fancied victim; and that he was an instrument in Christ"s hands for the execution of His will. And these two thoughts, how, in effect, all antagonism, all malicious hatred, all violent opposition of every sort but work in with Christ"s purpose, and carry out His intention; and how, at the moments of deepest apparent degradation, He towers, in manifest Majesty and Masterhood, seem to me to be plainly taught in the word before us.
He uses his foes for the furtherance of His purpose. That has been the history of the world ever since. "The floods, O Lord, have lifted up their voice." And what have they done? Smashing against the breakwater, they but consolidate its mighty blocks, and prove that "the Lord on high is mightier than the noise of many waters." It has been so in the past, it is so to-day; it will be so till the end.
Every Judas is unconsciously the servant of Him whom he seeks to betray; and finds out to his bewilderment that what he meant for a death-blow is fulfilling the very purpose and will of the Lord against whom he has turned.
Again, the combination here, in such remarkable juxtaposition, of the two things, a willing submission to the utmost extremity of shame, which the treasonous heart can froth out in its malice and, at the same time, a rising up in conscious majesty and lordship, are suggested to us by the words before us. That combination of utter lowliness and transcendent loftiness runs through the whole life and history of our Lord. Did you ever think how strong an argument that strange combination, brought out so inartificially throughout the whole of the Gospels, is for their historical veracity? Suppose the problem had been given to poets to create and to set in a series of appropriate scenes a character with these two opposites stamped equally upon it, neither of them impinging upon the domain of the other--viz., utter humility and humiliation in circ.u.mstance, and majestic sovereignty and elevation above all circ.u.mstances--do you think that any of them could have solved the problem, though--Aeschylus and Shakespeare had been amongst them, as these four men that wrote these four little tracts that we call Gospels have done?
How comes it that this most difficult of literary problems has been so triumphantly solved by these men? I think there is only one answer, "Because they were reporters, and imagined nothing, but observed everything, and repeated what had happened." He reconciled these opposites who was the Man of Sorrows and acquainted with grief, and yet the Eternal Son of the Father; and the Gospels have solved the problem only because they are simple records of its solution by Him.
Wherever in His history there is some trait of lowliness there is by the side of it a flash of majesty. Wherever in His history there is some gleaming out from the veil of flesh of the hidden glory of divinity, there is immediately some drawing of the veil across the glory. And the two things do not contradict nor confuse, but we stand before that double picture of a Christ betrayed and of a Christ commanding His betrayer, and using his treason, and we say, "The Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us."