They are politely cautious, but they cannot help letting out some of their bile in their reference to "this sect." Paul had said nothing about it, and their allusion betrays a fuller knowledge of him and it than it suited their plea for delay to own. Their wish to hear what he thought sounded very innocent and impartial, but was scarcely the voice of candid seekers after truth. They must have known of the existence of the Roman Church, which included many Jews, and they could scarcely be ignorant of the beliefs on which it was founded; but they probably thought that they would hear enough from Paul in the proposed conference to enable them to carry the synagogue with them in doing all they could to procure his condemnation. He had hoped to secure at least their neutrality; they seem to have been preparing to join his enemies.
The request for full exposition of a prisoner"s belief has often been but a trap to ensure his martyrdom. But we have to "be ready to give to every man a reason for the hope that is in us," even when the motive for asking it may be anything but the sincere desire to learn.
II. Therefore Paul was willing to lay his heart"s belief open, whatever doing so might bring. So the second circle forms round him, and we have him preaching the Gospel to "many" of the Jews. He could not go to the synagogue, so much of the synagogue came to him. The usual method was pursued by Paul in arguing from the old revelation, but we may note the twofold manner of his preaching, "testifying" and "persuading," the former addressed more to the understanding, and the latter to the affections and will, and may learn how Christian teachers should seek to blend both--to work their arguments, not in frost, but in fire, and not to bully or scold or frighten men into the Kingdom, but to draw them with cords of love. Persuasion without a basis of solid reasoning is puerile and impotent; reasoning without the warmth of persuasion is icy cold, and therefore nothing grows from it.
Note too the protracted labour "from morning till evening." One can almost see the eager disputants spending the livelong day over the rolls of the prophets, relays of Rabbis, perhaps, relieving one another in the a.s.sault on the one opponent"s position, and he holding his ground through all the hours--a pattern for us teachers of all degrees.
The usual effects followed. The mult.i.tude was sifted by the Gospel, as its hearers always are, some accepting and some rejecting. These double effects ever follow it, and to one or other of these two cla.s.ses we each belong. The same fire melts wax and hardens clay; the same light is joy to sound eyes and agony to diseased ones; the same word is a savour of life unto life and a savour of death unto death; the same Christ is set for the fall and for the rising of men, and is to some the sure foundation on which they build secure, and to some the stone on which, stumbling, they are broken, and which, falling on them, grinds them to powder.
Paul"s solemn farewell takes up Isaiah"s words, already used by Jesus.
It is his last recorded utterance to his brethren after the flesh, weighty, and full of repressed yearning and sorrow. It is heavy with prophecy, and marks an epoch in the sad, strange history of that strange nation. Israel pa.s.ses out of sight with that dread sentence fastened to its breast, like criminals of old, on whose front was fixed the record of their crimes and their condemnation. So this tragic self-exclusion from hope and life is the end of all that wondrous history of ages of divine revelation and patience, and of man"s rebellion. The Gospel pa.s.ses to the Gentiles, and the Jew shuts himself out. So it has been for nineteen centuries. Was not that scene in Paul"s lodging in Rome the end of an epoch and the prediction of a sad future?
III. Not less significant and epoch-making is the glimpse of Paul which closes the Acts. We have the third concentric circle--Paul and the mult.i.tudes who came to his house and heard the Gospel. We note two points here. First, that his unhindered preaching in the very heart of the world"s capital for two whole years is, in one aspect, the completion of the book. As Bengel tersely says, "The victory of the word of G.o.d, Paul at Rome. The apex of the Gospel, the end of Acts."
But, second, as clearly, the ending is abrupt, and is not a satisfying close. The lengthened account of the whole process of Paul"s imprisonments and hearings before the various Roman authorities is most unintelligible if Luke intended to break off at the very crucial point, and say nothing about the event to which he had been leading up for so many chapters. There is much probability in Ramsay"s suggestion that Luke intended to write a third book, containing the account of the trial and subsequent events, but was prevented by causes unknown, perhaps by martyrdom. Be that as it may, these two verses, with some information pieced out of the Epistles written during the imprisonment, are all that we know of Paul"s life in Rome. From Philippians we learn that the Gospel spread by reason of the earlier stages of his trial.
From the other Epistles we can collect some particulars of his companions, and of the oversight which he kept up of the Churches.
The picture here drawn lays hold, not on anything connected with his trial, but on his evangelistic activity, and shows us how, notwithstanding all hindrances, anxieties about his fate, weariness, and past toils, the flame of evangelistic fervour burned undimmed in "Paul the aged," as the flame of mistaken zeal had burned in the "young man named Saul," and how the work which had filled so many years of wandering and homelessness was carried on with all the old joyfulness, confidence, and success, from the prisoner"s lodging. In such unexpected fashion did G.o.d fulfil the Apostle"s desire to "preach the Gospel to you that are at Rome also." To preach the word with all boldness is the duty of us Christians who have entered into the heritage of fuller freedom than Paul"s, and of whom it is truer than of him that we can do it, "no man forbidding" us.
PAUL IN ROME
And Paul dwelt two whole years in his own hired house, and received all that came in unto him, 31. Preaching the kingdom of G.o.d, and teaching those things which concern the Lord Jesus Christ, with all confidence, no man forbidding him."--ACTS xxviii. 30, 31.
So ends this book. It stops rather than ends. Many reasons might be suggested for closing here. Probably the simplest is the best, that nothing more is said for nothing more had yet been done. Probably the book was written during these two years. This abrupt close suggests several noteworthy thoughts.
I. The true theme of the book.
How convenient if Luke had told us a little more! But Paul"s history is unfinished, like Peter"s and John"s. This book"s treatment of all the Apostles teaches, as we have often had to remark, that Christ and His acts are its true subject.
We are wise if we learn the lesson of keeping all human teachers, even a Paul, in their inferior place, and if we say of each of them: "He was not the Light, but came that he might bear witness of the Light."
II. G.o.d"s unexpected and unwelcome ways of fulfilling our desires, and His purposes.
It had long been Paul"s dream to "see Rome." How little he knew the steps by which his dream was to be fulfilled! He told the Ephesian elders that he was going up to Jerusalem under compulsion of the Spirit, and "not knowing the things that should befall him there,"
except that he was certain of "bonds and imprisonment." He did not know that these were G.o.d"s way of bringing him to Rome. Jewish fury, Roman statecraft and law-abidingness, two years of a prison, a stormy voyage, a shipwreck, led him to his long-wished-for goal. G.o.d uses even man"s malice and opposition to the Gospel to advance the progress of the Gospel. Men, like coral insects, build their little bit, all unaware of the whole of which it is a part, but the reef rises above the waves and ocean breaks against it in vain.
So we may gather lessons of submission, of patient acceptance of apparently adverse circ.u.mstances, and of quiet faith that He who "makes stormy winds to fulfil His word and flaming fires His ministers," will bend to the carrying out of His designs all things, be they seemingly friendly or hostile, and will realise our dreams, if in accordance with His will, even through events which seem to shatter them. Let us trust and be patient till we see the issues of events.
III. The world"s mistaken estimate of greatness.
Who was the greatest man in Rome at that hour? Not the Caesar but the poor Jewish prisoner. How astonished both would have been if they had been told the truth! The two kingdoms were, so to speak, set face to face in these two, their representatives, and neither of them knew his own relative importance. The Caesar was all unaware that, for all his legions and his power, he was but "a noise"; Paul was as unconscious that he was incomparably the most powerful of the influences that were then at work in the world. The haughty and stolid eyes of Romans saw in him nothing but a prisoner, sent up from a turbulent subject land on some obscure charge, a mere n.o.body. The crowds in forum and amphitheatre would have laughed at any one who had pointed to that humble "hired house," and said, "There lodges a man who bears a word that will shatter and remould the city, the Empire, the world."
Let us have confidence in the greatness of the word, though the world may be deaf to its music and blind to its power, and let us never fear to ally ourselves with a cause which we know to be G.o.d"s, however it may be unpopular and made light of by the "leaders of opinion."
IV. The true relation between the Church and the State.
"None forbidding him" marks a great step forward. Paul"s unhindered freedom of speech in Rome itself marks "the victory of the word, the apex of the Gospel." The neutral att.i.tude of the imperial power was, indeed, broken by subsequent persecutions, but we may say that on the whole Rome let Christianity alone. That is the best service that the State can render to the Church. Anything more is help which enc.u.mbers and is harmful to the true spiritual power of the Gospel. The real requirement which it makes on the civil power is simply what the Greek philosopher asked of the king who was proffering his good offices, "Stand out of the sunshine!"