"But there is no such thing," said Father Payne, "except in combination with entire irrationality. One can"t say at any time of one"s life, "I know everything worth knowing. I am in a position to form a final judgment." You can say, "I will shut off all fresh light from my mind, and I will consider no further evidence," but that isn"t a thing to respect! I begin to suspect, Rose, that why you praised the uncompromising Liberal, as you call him, is because he is the only kind of opponent who isn"t dangerous. A man who takes up such a position as I have described is practically insane. He has a fixed idea, which neither argument nor evidence can alter. The uncompromising man of fixed opinions, whatever those opinions may be, is almost the only man I do not respect, because he is really the only inconsistent person. He says, "I have formed an opinion which is based on experience, and I shall not alter it." That is tantamount to saying that you have done with experience; it is a claim to have attained infallibility through fallible faculties. Where is the dignity of that? It"s just a deification of stupidity and stubbornness and insolence and complacency."
"But you must take your stand on _some_ certainties," said Rose.
"The fewer the better," said Father Payne. "One may learn to discriminate between things, and to observe differences; but that is very different from saying that you have got at the ultimate essence of any one thing. I am all for clearness--we ought not to confuse things with each other, or use the same names for different things; but I"m all against claiming absolute and impeccable knowledge. It may be a comfortable system for a man who doesn"t want to be bothered; but he is only deferring the bother--he is like a man who stays in bed because he doesn"t like dressing. But it isn"t a solution to stay in bed--it is only suspending the solution. No, we mustn"t have any regard for human consistency--it"s a very paltry attribute; it"s the opposite of anthropomorphism. That makes out G.o.d to be in the image of man, but consistency claims for man the privilege of G.o.d. And that isn"t wholesome, you know, either for a man or his friends!"
"I give up," said Rose: "can nothing be logical?"
"Hardly anything," said Father Payne, "except logic itself. You have to coin logical ideas into counters to play with. No two things, for instance, can ever be absolutely equal, except imaginary equalities--and that"s the mischief of logic applied to life, that it presumes an exact valuation of the ideas it works with, when no two people"s valuations of the same idea are identical, and even one person"s valuation varies from time to time; and logic breeds a phantom sort of consistency which only exists in the imagination. You know the story of how Smith and Jones were arguing, and Smith said, "Brown will agree with me": "Yes," said Jones triumphantly, "he will, but for my reasons!""
LXIII
OF WRENS AND LILIES
It was the first warm and sunny day, after a cold and cloudy spring: I took a long and leisurely walk with Father Payne down a valley among woods, of which Father Payne was very fond. "Almost precipitous for Northamptonshire, eh?" he used to say. I was very full of a book I had been reading, but I could not get him to talk. He made vague and foolish replies, and said several times, "I shall have to think that over, you know," which was, I well knew, a polite intimation that he was not in a mood for talk. But I persisted, and at last he said, "Hang it, you know, I"m not attending--I"m very sorry--it isn"t your fault--but there"s such a lot going on everywhere." He quoted a verse of _The Shropshire Lad_, of which he was very fond:
""Now, of my threescore years and ten, Twenty will not come again, And take from seventy springs a score, It only leaves me fifty more"";
adding, "That"s the only instance I know of a subtraction sum made into perfect poetry--but it"s the other way round, worse luck!
"And _add_ to seventy springs a score, _That_ only leaves me forty more!"
The birds were singing very sweetly in the copses as we pa.s.sed--"That isn"t art, I believe," said Father Payne. "It"s only the reproductive instinct, I am told! I wish it took such an artistic form in my beloved brothers in the Lord! There," he added, stopping and speaking in a low tone; "don"t move--there"s a c.o.c.k-wren singing his love-song--you can see his wings quivering." There followed a little tremolo, with four or five emphatic notes for a finish. "Now, if you listen, you"ll hear the next wren answer him!" said Father Payne. In a moment the same little song came like an echo from a bush a few yards away. "The wren sings in stricter time than any bird but the cuckoo," said Father Payne--"four quavers to a bar. That"s very important! Those two ridiculous creatures will go on doing that half the morning. They are so excited that they build sham nests, you know, about now--quite useless piles of twigs and moss, not intended for eggs, just to show what they can do. But that little song! It has all the pa.s.sion of the old chivalry in it--it is only to say, "My Dulcinea is prettier, sweeter, brighter-eyed than yours!" and the other says, "You wait till I can get at you, and then we will see!" If they were two old knights, they would fight to the death over it, till the world had lost a brave man, and one of the Dulcineas was a hapless widow, and nothing proved. That"s the sort of thing that men admire, full of fine sentiment. Why can"t we leave each other alone? Why does loving one person make you want to fight another? Just look at that wren: he"s as full of joy and pride as he can hold: look at the angle at which he holds his tail: he feels the lord of the world, sure enough!"
We walked on, and I asked no more questions. "There"s a bit of colour,"
said Father Payne, pointing to a bare wood, all carpeted with green blades.
"That"s pure emerald, like the seventh foundation of the city. Now, if I ask you, who are a bit of a poet, what those leaves are, what do you say?
You say hyacinth or daffodil, or perhaps lily-of-the-valley. But what does the simple botanist--that"s me--say? Garlic, my boy, and nothing else! and you had better not walk musing there, or you will come in smelling of spring onions, like a greengrocer"s shop. So much for poetry! It"s the loveliest green in creation, and it has a pretty flower too--but it"s never once mentioned in English poetry, so far as I know. And yet Keats had the face to say that Beauty was Truth and Truth Beauty! That"s the way we play the game."
We rambled on, and pa.s.sed a pleasant old stone-built cottage in the wood, with a tiny garden. "It"s a curious thing," said Father Payne, "but in the spring I always want to live in all the houses I see. It"s the nesting instinct, no doubt. I think I could be very happy here, for instance--much happier than in my absurd big house, with all you fellows about. Why did I ever start it? I ought to have had more sense. I want a cottage like this, and a little garden to work in, and a few books. I would live on bread and cold bacon and cheese and cabbages, with a hive of my own honey. I should get wise and silent, and not run on like this."
A dog came out of the cottage garden, and followed us a little way. "Do we belong to your party, sir, or do you belong to ours?" said Father Payne.
The dog put his head on one side, and wagged his tail. "It appears I have the pleasure of your acquaintance!" said Father Payne to him. "Very well, you can set us on our way if you like!" The dog gave a short shrill bark, and trotted along with us. When we got to the end of the lane, where it turned into the high road, Father Payne said to the dog, "Now, sir, I expect that"s all the time you can spare this morning? You must go back and guard the house, and be a faithful dog. Duty first!" The dog looked mournfully at us, and wagged his tail, but did not attempt to come farther.
He watched us for a little longer, but as we did not invite him to come on, he presently turned round and trotted off home. "Now, that"s the sort of case where I feel sentimental," said Father Payne. "It"s the sham sort of pathos. I hate to see anyone disappointed. A person offering flowers in the street for sale, and people not buying them--the men in London showing off little toys by the pavement, which n.o.body wants--I can"t bear that. It makes me feel absurdly wretched to see anyone hoping to please, and not pleasing. And if the people who do it look old and frail and unhappy, I"m capable of buying the whole stock. The great uncomforted! It"s silly, of course, and there is nothing in the world so silly as useless emotion! It is so easy to overflow with cheap benevolence, but the first step towards the joyful wisdom is to be afraid of the emotion that costs you nothing: but we won"t be metaphysical to-day!"
Presently Father Payne insisted on sitting down in a sheltered place. He flung his hat off, and sate there, looking round him with a smile, his arms clasped round his big knees. "Well," he said, "it"s a jolly place, the old world, to be sure! Plenty of nasty and ugly things, I suppose, going on in corners; but if you look round, they are only a small percentage of the happy things. They don"t force themselves upon the eye and ear, the beastly things: and it"s a stupid and faithless mistake to fix the imagination and the reason too much upon them. We are all of us in a tight place occasionally, and we have to meet it as best we can. But I don"t think we do it any better by antic.i.p.ating it beforehand. What is more, no one can really help us or deliver us: we can be made a little more comfortable, and that"s all, by what they call cooling drinks, and flowers in a vase by the bedside. And it"s a bad thing to get the misery of the world in a vague way on our nerves. That"s the useless emotion. We have got certain quite definite things to do for other people in our own circle, and we are bound to do them; we mustn"t shirk them, and we mustn"t shirk our own troubles, though the less we bother about them the better. I am not at all sure that the curse of the newspapers is not that they collect all the evils of the world into a hideous posy, and thrust it under our nose. They don"t collect the fine, simple, wholesome things. Now you and I are better employed to-day in being agreeable to each other--at least you are being kind to me, even though I can"t talk about that book--and in looking at the delightful things going on everywhere--just think of all the happiness in the world to-day, symbolised by that ridiculous wren!--we are better employed, I say, than if we were extending the commerce of England, or planning how to make war, or scolding people in sermons about their fatal indifference to the things that belong to their peace. Men and women must find and make their own peace, and we are doing both to-day. That awful vague sense of responsibility, that desire to interfere, that wish that everyone else should do uncomplaining what we think to be their duty--that"s all my eye!
It is the kindly, eager, wholesome life which affects the world, wherever it is lived: and that is the best which most of us can do. We can"t be always fighting. Even the toughest old veteran soldier--how many hours of his life has he spent actually under fire? No, I"m not forgetting the workers either: but you need not tell me that they are all sick at heart because they are not dawdling in a country lane. It would bore them to death, and they can live a very happy life without it. That"s the false pathos again--to think that everyone who can"t do as _we_ like must be miserable. And anyhow, I have done my twenty-five years on the treadmill, and I am not going to pretend it was n.o.ble work, because it wasn"t. It was useless and disgraceful drudgery, most of it!"
"Ah," I said, "but that doesn"t help me. You may have earned a holiday, but I have never done any real drudgery--I haven"t earned anything."
"Be content," said Father Payne; "take two changes of raiment! You have got your furrow to plough--all in good time! You are working hard now, and don"t let me hear any stuff about being ashamed because you enjoy it! The reward of labour is life: to enjoy our work is the secret. If you could persuade people that the spring of life lies there, you would do more for the happiness of man than by attending fifty thousand committees. But I won"t talk any more. I want to consider the lilies of the field, how they grow. They don"t do it every day!"
LXIV
OF POSE
Someone said rashly, after dinner to-night, that the one detestable and unpardonable thing in a man was pose. A generalisation of this kind acted on Father Payne very often like a ferret on a rabbit. He had been mournfully abstracted during dinner, shaking his head slowly, and turning his eyes to heaven when he was asked leading questions. But now he said: "I don"t think that is reasonable--you might as well say that you always disliked length in a book. A book has got to be some length--it is as short as it"s long. Of course, the moment you begin to say, "How long this book is!" you mean that it is too long, and excess is a fault. Do you remember the subject proposed in a school debating society, "That too much athletics is worthy of our admiration"? Pose is like that--when you become conscious of pose it is generally disagreeable--that is, if it is meant to deceive: but it is often amusing too, like the pose of the unjust judge in the parable, who prefaces his remarks by saying, "Though I fear not G.o.d, neither regard man.""
"Oh, but you know what I mean, Father," said the speaker, "the pose of knowing when you don"t know, and being well-bred when you are sn.o.bbish, and being kind when you are mean, and so on."
"I think you mean humbug rather than pose," said Father Payne; "but even so, I don"t agree with you. I have a friend who would be intolerable, but for his pose of being agreeable. He isn"t agreeable, and he doesn"t feel agreeable; but he behaves as if he was, and it is the only thing that makes him bearable. What you really mean is the pose of superiority--the man whose motives are always just ahead of your own, and whose taste is always slightly finer, and who knows the world a little better. But there is a lot of pose that isn"t that. What _is_ pose, after all? Can anyone define it?"
"It"s an artist"s phrase, I think," said Barthrop; "it means a position in which you look your best."
"Like the Archbishop who was always painted in a gibbous att.i.tude--first quarter, you know--with his back turned to you, and his face just visible over his lawn sleeve," said Father Payne, "but that was in order to hide an excrescence on his left cheek. Do you remember what Lamb said of Barry Cornwall"s wen on the nape of his neck? Some one said that Barry Cornwall was thinking of having it cut off. "I hope he won"t do that," said Lamb, "I rather like it--it"s redundant, like his poetry!" I rather agree with Lamb.
I like people to be a little redundant, and a harmless pose is pure redundancy: it only means that a man is up to some innocent game or other, some sort of mystification, and is enjoying himself. It"s like a summer haze over the landscape. Now, there"s another friend of mine who was once complimented on his "uplifted" look. Whenever he thinks of it, and that"s pretty often, he looks uplifted, like a bird drinking, with his eyes fixed on some far-off vision. I don"t mind that! It"s only a wish to look his best. It"s partly a wish to give pleasure, you know. It"s the same thing that makes people wear their hair long, or dress in a flamboyant way. I"ll tell you a little story. You know Bertie Nash, the artist. I met him once in a Post Office, and he was buying a sheet of halfpenny stamps. I asked him if he was going to send out some circulars. He looked at me sadly, and said, "No, I always use these--I can"t use the penny stamps--such a crude red!" Now, he didn"t do that to impress me: but it was a pose in a way, and he liked feeling so sensitive to colour."
"But oughtn"t one to avoid all that sort of nonsense?" said some one; "it"s better surely to be just what you are."
"Yes, but what _are_ you, after all?" said Father Payne; "your moods vary. It would be hopeless if everyone tried to keep themselves down to their worst level for the sake of sincerity. The point is that you ought to try to keep at your best level, even if you don"t feel so. Hang it, good manners are a pose, if it comes to that. The essence of good manners is sometimes to conceal what you are feeling. Is it a pose to behave amiably when you are tired or cross?"
"No, but that is in order not to make other people uncomfortable," said Vincent.
"Well, it"s very hard to draw the line," said Father Payne: "but what we really mean by pose is, I imagine, the attempt to appear to be something which you frankly are not--and that is where the word has changed its sense, Barthrop. An artist"s pose is something characteristic, which makes a man look his best. What we generally mean by pose is the affecting a best which one never reaches. Come, tell a story, some one! That"s the best way to get at a quality. Won"t some one quote an ill.u.s.tration?"
"What about my friend Pearce, the schoolmaster?" said Vincent. "He read a book about schoolmastering, and he said he didn"t think much of it. He added that the author seemed only to be giving elegant reasons for doing things which the born schoolmaster did by instinct."
"Well, that"s not a bad criticism," said Father Payne; "but it was pose if he meant to convey that _he_ was a born schoolmaster. Is he one, by the way?"
"No," said Vincent, "he is not: he is much ragged by the boys; but he comforts himself by thinking that all schoolmasters are ragged, but that he is rather more successful than most in dealing with it. He has a great deal of moral dignity, has Pearce! I don"t know where he would be without it!"
"Well, there"s an instance," said Father Payne, "of a pose being of some use. I think a real genuine pose often makes a man do better work in the world than if he was drearily conscious of failure. It"s a game, you know--a dramatic game: and I think it"s a sign of vitality and interest to want to have a game. It"s like the lawyer"s clerk in _Our Mutual Friend_, when Mr. Boffin calls to keep an appointment, being the lawyer"s only client; but the boy makes a show of looking it all up in a ledger, runs his finger down a list of imaginary consultants, and says to himself, "Mr. Aggs, Mr. Baggs, Mr. Caggs, Mr. Daggs, Mr. Boffin--Yes, sir, that is right!" Now there"s no harm in that sort of thing--it"s only a bit of moral dignity, as Vincent says. It"s no good acquiescing in being a humble average person--we must do better than that! Most people believe in themselves in spite of abundant evidence to the contrary--but it"s better than disbelieving in yourself. That"s abject, you know."
"But if you accept the principle of pose," said Lestrange, "I don"t see that you can find fault with any pose."
"You might as well say," said Father Payne, "that if I accept the principle of drinking alcohol, it doesn"t matter how much I drink! Almost all morality is relative--in fact, it is doubtful if it is ever absolute. The mischief of pose is not when it makes a man try to be or to appear at his best: but when a man lives a thoroughly unreal life, taking a high line in theory and never troubling about practice, then it"s incredible to what lengths self-deception can go. Dr. Johnson said that he looked upon himself as a polite man! It is quite easy to get to believe yourself impeccable in certain points: and as one gets older, and less a.s.sailable, and less liable to be pulled up and told the hard truth, it is astonishing how serenely you can sail along. But that isn"t pose exactly. It generally begins by a pose, and becomes simple imperviousness; and that is, after all, the danger of pose,--that it makes people blind to the truth about themselves."
"I"m getting muddled," said Vincent.
"It _is_ rather muddling," said Father Payne, "but, in a general way, the point is this. When pose is a deliberate attempt to deceive other people for your own credit, it is detestable. But when it is merely harmless drama, to add to the interest of life and to retain your own self-respect, it"s an amiable foible, and need not be discouraged. The real question is whether it is a.s.sumed seriously, or whether it is all a sort of joke. We all like to play our little games, and I find it very easy to forgive a person who enjoys dressing up, so to speak, and making remarks in character. Come, I"ll confess my sins in public. If I meet a stranger in the roads, I rather like to be thought a bluff and hearty English squire, striding about my broad acres. I prefer that to being thought a retired crammer, a dominie who keeps a school and calls it an academy, as Lord Auchinleck said of Johnson. But if I pretended in this house to be a kind of abbot, and glided about in a ca.s.sock with a gold cross round my neck, conferring a benediction on everyone, and then retired to my room to read a French novel and to drink whisky-and-soda, that would be a very unpleasant pose indeed!"
We all implored Father Payne to adopt it, and he said he would give it his serious consideration.
LXV
OF REVENANTS
I was sitting in the garden one evening in summer with Father Payne and Barthrop. Barthrop was going off next day to Oxford, and was trying to persuade Father Payne to come too.
"No," he said, "I simply couldn"t! Oxford is the city east of the sun and west of the moon--like as a dream when one awaketh! I don"t hold with indulging fruitless sentiment, particularly about the past."