Herr von Jagow said that he did not advise me to carry out this intention as the interview would serve no purpose and could not fail to be painful.
At 6 o"clock in the evening Herr von Langwerth brought me my pa.s.sports. In the name of his Government he refused to agree to the wish which I expressed to him that I should be permitted to travel by Holland or Belgium. He suggested to me that I should go either by way of Copenhagen, although he could not a.s.sure me a free pa.s.sage by sea, or through Switzerland via Constance.
I accepted this last route; Herr von Langwerth having asked me to leave as soon as I possibly could it was agreed, in consideration of the necessity I was under of making arrangements with the Spanish Amba.s.sador, who was undertaking the charge of our interests, that I should leave on the next day, the 4th August, at 10 o"clock at night.
At 7 o"clock, an hour after Herr von Langwerth had left, Herr von Lancken, formerly Councilor of the Emba.s.sy at Paris, came from the Minister for Foreign Affairs to tell me to request the staff of my Emba.s.sy to cease taking meals in the restaurants. This order was so strict that on the next day, Tuesday, I had to have recourse to the authority of the Wilhelmstra.s.se to get the Hotel Bristol to send our meals to the Emba.s.sy.
At 11 o"clock on the same evening, Monday, Herr von Langwerth came back to tell me that his Government would not allow our return by way of Switzerland under the pretext that it would take three days and three nights to take me to Constance. He announced that I should be sent by way of Vienna. I only agreed to this alteration under reserve, and during the night I wrote the following letter to Herr von Langwerth:
"BERLIN, AUGUST 3rd, 1914.
"M. LE BARON;
"I have been thinking over the route for my return to my country about which you came to speak to me this evening. You propose that I shall travel by Vienna. I run the risk of finding myself detained in that town, if not by the action of the Austrian Government, at least owing to the mobilization which creates great difficulties similar to those existing in Germany as to the movements of trains.
"Under these circ.u.mstances I must ask the German Government for a promise made on their honor that the Austrian Government will send me to Switzerland, and that the Swiss Government will not close its frontier either to me or to the persons by whom I am accompanied, as I am told that that frontier has been firmly closed to foreigners.
"I cannot then accept the proposal that you have made to me unless I have the security which I ask for, and unless I am a.s.sured that I shall not be detained for some months outside my country.
"JULES CAMBON."
In answer to this letter on the next morning, Tuesday the 4th August, Herr von Langwerth gave me in writing an a.s.surance that the Austrian and Swiss authorities had received communications to this effect.
At the same time M. Miladowski, attached to the Consulate at Berlin, as well as other Frenchmen, was arrested in his own house while in bed. M. Miladowski, for whom a diplomatic pa.s.sport had been requested, was released after four hours.
I was prepared to leave for Vienna when, at a quarter to five, Herr von Langwerth came back to inform me that I would have to leave with the persons accompanying me at 10 o"clock in the evening, but that I should be taken to Denmark. On this new requirement I asked if I should be confined in a fortress supposing I did not comply. Herr von Langwerth simply answered that he would return to receive my answer in half an hour. I did not wish to give the German Government the pretext for saying that I had refused to depart from Germany. I therefore told Herr von Langwerth when he came back that I would submit to the order which had been given to me but "that I protested."
I at once wrote to Herr von Jagow a letter of which the following is a copy:
BERLIN, AUGUST 4, 1914.
"SIR:
"More than once your Excellency has said to me that the Imperial Government, in accordance with the usages of international courtesy, would facilitate my return to my own country, and would give me every means of getting back to it quickly.
"Yesterday, however, Baron von Langwerth, after refusing me access to Belgium and Holland, informed me that I should travel to Switzerland via Constance.
During the night I was informed that I should be sent to Austria, a country which is taking part in the present war on the side of Germany. As I had no knowledge of the intentions of Austria towards me, since on Austrian soil I am nothing but an ordinary private individual, I wrote to Baron von Langwerth that I requested the Imperial Government to give me a promise that the Imperial and Royal Austrian authorities would give me all possible facilities for continuing my journey and that Switzerland would not be closed to me. Herr von Langwerth has been good enough to answer me in writing that I could be a.s.sured of an easy journey and that the Austrian authorities would do all that was necessary.
"It is nearly five o"clock, and Baron von Langwerth has just announced to me that I shall be sent to Denmark. In view of the present situation, there is no security that I shall find a ship to take me to England and it is this consideration which made me reject this proposal with the approval of Herr von Langwerth.
"In truth no liberty is left me and I am treated almost as a prisoner. I am obliged to submit, having no means of obtaining that the rules of international courtesy should be observed towards me, but I hasten to protest to your Excellency against the manner in which I am being treated.
"JULES CAMBON."
Whilst my letter was being delivered I was told that the journey would not be made direct but by way of Schleswig. At 10 o"clock in the evening, I left the Emba.s.sy with my staff in the middle of a great a.s.sembly of foot and mounted police.
At the station the Ministry for Foreign Affairs was only represented by an officer of inferior rank.
The journey took place with extreme slowness. We took more than twenty-four hours to reach the frontier. It seemed that at every station they had to wait for orders to proceed. I was accompanied by Major von Rheinbaben of the Alessandra Regiment of the Guard and by a police officer. In the neighborhood of the Kiel Ca.n.a.l the soldiers entered our carriages. The windows were shut and the curtains of the carriages drawn down; each of us had to remain isolated in his compartment and was forbidden to get up or to touch his luggage. A soldier stood in the corridor of the carriage before the door of each of our compartments which were kept open, revolver in hand and finger on the trigger. The Russian Charge d"Affaires, the women and children and everyone were subjected to the same treatment.
At the last German station about 11 o"clock at night, Major von Rheinbaben came to take leave of me. I handed to him the following letter to Herr von Jagow.
"WEDNESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 5, 1914.
"SIR:
"Yesterday before leaving Berlin, I protested in writing to your Excellency against the repeated change of route which was imposed upon me by the Imperial Government on my journey from Germany.
"Today as the train in which I was pa.s.sed over the Kiel Ca.n.a.l an attempt was made to search all our luggage as if we might have hidden some instrument of destruction. Thanks to the interference of Major von Rheinbaben, we were spared this insult. But they went further.
"They obliged us to remain each in his own compartment, the windows and blinds having been closed. During this time, in the corridors of the carriages at the door of each compartment and facing each one of us, stood a soldier, revolver in hand, finger on the trigger, for nearly half an hour.
"I consider it my duty to protest against this threat of violence to the Amba.s.sador of the Republic and the staff of his Emba.s.sy, violence which nothing could even have made me antic.i.p.ate.
"Yesterday I had the honor of writing to your Excellency that I was being treated almost as a prisoner. Today I am being treated as a dangerous prisoner. Also I must record that during our journey which from Berlin to Denmark has taken twenty-four hours, no food has been prepared nor provided for me nor for the persons who were traveling with me to the frontier.
"JULES CAMBON."
I thought that our troubles had finished, when shortly afterwards Major von Rheinbaben came, rather embarra.s.sed, to inform me that the train would not proceed to the Danish frontier if I did not pay the cost of this train. I expressed my astonishment that I had not been made to pay at Berlin and that at any rate I had not been forewarned of this. I offered to pay by a cheque on one of the largest Berlin banks. This facility was refused me. With the help of my companions I was able to collect, in gold, the sum which was required from me at once, and which amounted to 3,611 marks, 75 pfennig. This is about 5,000 francs in accordance with the present rate of exchange.
After this last incident, I thought it necessary to ask Major von Rheinbaben for his word of honor as an officer and a gentleman that we should be taken to the Danish frontier.
He gave it to me, and I required that the policeman who was with us should accompany us.
In this way we arrived at the first Danish station, where the Danish Government had had a train made ready to take us to Copenhagen.
I am a.s.sured that my British colleague and the Belgian Minister, although they left Berlin after I did, traveled by the direct route to Holland. I am struck by this difference of treatment, and as Denmark and Norway are, at this moment, infested with spies, if I succeed in embarking in Norway, there is danger that I may be arrested at sea with the officials who accompany me.
I do not wish to conclude this dispatch without notifying your Excellency of the energy and devotion of which the whole staff of the Emba.s.sy has given unceasing proof during the course of this crisis. I shall be glad that account should be taken of the services which on this occasion have been rendered to the Government of the Republic, in particular by the Secretaries of the Emba.s.sy and by the Military and Naval Attaches.
JULES CAMBON.
APPENDIX III
HOW GERMANS ARE WAGING WAR
The French Government, as soon as it heard of the first German atrocities, inst.i.tuted a Commission of inquiry composed of three high French magistrates: Mr. Georges Payelle, President of the Cour des Comptes, Mr. Georges Maringer, Councilor of State, and Mr. Edmond Paillot, Councilor of the Cour of Ca.s.sation. That Commission proceeded to the spot where the atrocities had been perpetrated and heard witnesses, who deposed under oath.
All evidence and proceedings have been printed and fill up ten heavy volumes.
Among many depositions, the following one, taken the twenty-third of October, 1915, at Paris, will give an idea of the horrors to which the invaded regions of France were submitted.
Duren Virginie, wife of Berard Durem, 29 years of age, inhabitant of Jarny in the Department of Meurthe et Moselle, a refugee at Levallois-Perret: