39. Doherty, "Girl Vanishes." Doherty, "Girl Vanishes."
40. "Aided Franks" Murder Car." "Aided Franks" Murder Car."
41. "Even Dogs Bark at Gray Cars," "Even Dogs Bark at Gray Cars," Chicago Daily Tribune Chicago Daily Tribune, 28 May 1924.
42. "Slayer of Franks Boy May Be Suicide," "Slayer of Franks Boy May Be Suicide," Chicago Daily News Chicago Daily News, 24 May 1924; Doherty, "All City."
43. Doherty, "Kidnaped Boy"; Trial Transcript, fol. 95. Doherty, "Kidnaped Boy"; Trial Transcript, fol. 95.
44. Doherty, "Kidnaped Boy"; "Dig For Franks Boy Clews," Doherty, "Kidnaped Boy"; "Dig For Franks Boy Clews," Chicago Daily Tribune Chicago Daily Tribune, 27 May 1924; "Question Woman."
45. "Raid Dope," "Raid Dope," Chicago Daily Tribune Chicago Daily Tribune, 28 May 1924.
46. Ibid. Ibid.
47. "Slain Boy"s Father Gets Death Note; Hunt Drug Addict," "Slain Boy"s Father Gets Death Note; Hunt Drug Addict," Chicago Evening Post Chicago Evening Post, 24 May 1924.
48. Doherty, "Girl Vanishes"; "Girl, 17, Missing; Fear Her Victim of Franks Plot," Doherty, "Girl Vanishes"; "Girl, 17, Missing; Fear Her Victim of Franks Plot," Chicago Daily Tribune Chicago Daily Tribune, 26 May 1924.
49. "Find Gertrude Barker: Male Companion Held," "Find Gertrude Barker: Male Companion Held," Chicago Daily Journal Chicago Daily Journal, 27 May 1924.
50. Maurine Watkins, "Simple Funeral Service Is Held for Franks Boy," Maurine Watkins, "Simple Funeral Service Is Held for Franks Boy," Chicago Daily Tribune Chicago Daily Tribune, 26 May 1924.
51. Ibid.; "Cla.s.smates Lay Franks to Rest," Ibid.; "Cla.s.smates Lay Franks to Rest," Chicago Daily Journal Chicago Daily Journal, 26 May 1924.
52. "Try to See Franks Slayer through His Spectacles," "Try to See Franks Slayer through His Spectacles," Chicago Daily Tribune Chicago Daily Tribune, 29 May 1924.
53. Doherty, "Girl Vanishes." Doherty, "Girl Vanishes."
54. Ibid.; "Talks of Franks Case, Found Dying of Drug," Ibid.; "Talks of Franks Case, Found Dying of Drug," Chicago American Chicago American, 29 May 1924.
55. "Gla.s.ses, Note Franks Clews," "Gla.s.ses, Note Franks Clews," Chicago Daily Journal Chicago Daily Journal, 31 May 1924.
CHAPTER 2: THE RELATIONSHIP.
1. "Psychiatrists" Report for the Defense (Joint Summary)," "Psychiatrists" Report for the Defense (Joint Summary)," Journal of the American Inst.i.tute of Criminal Law and Criminology Journal of the American Inst.i.tute of Criminal Law and Criminology 15 (November 1924): 360. 15 (November 1924): 360.
2. Trial Transcript, fols. 1870, 1873. Trial Transcript, fols. 1870, 1873.
3. Ibid., fols. 19161917. Ibid., fols. 19161917.
4. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fol. 27. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fol. 27.
5. Jean F. Block, Jean F. Block, The Uses of Gothic: Planning and Building the Campus of the University of Chicago, 1892 The Uses of Gothic: Planning and Building the Campus of the University of Chicago, 18921932 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983). (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983).
6. "Samuel F. Leopold," in Paul Gilbert and Charles Lee Bryson, "Samuel F. Leopold," in Paul Gilbert and Charles Lee Bryson, Chicago and Its Makers Chicago and Its Makers (Chicago: F. Mendelsohn, 1929), 665. (Chicago: F. Mendelsohn, 1929), 665.
7. Ibid.; Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fol. 3. Ibid.; Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fol. 3.
8. Maureen McKernan, "Leopold Family a Big Factor in City Business," Maureen McKernan, "Leopold Family a Big Factor in City Business," Chicago Sunday Tribune Chicago Sunday Tribune, 1 June 1924.
9. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fols. 23, 24. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fols. 23, 24.
10. Ibid., fols. 1718. Ibid., fols. 1718.
11. Ibid., fols. 1820. Ibid., fols. 1820.
12. Ibid., fol. 18. Ibid., fol. 18.
13. "Athletics," "Athletics," Harvard School Review Harvard School Review (1920): 8995. (1920): 8995.
14. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fols. 2425. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fols. 2425.
15. Ibid., fol. 24. Ibid., fol. 24.
16. Maurine Watkins, ""d.i.c.k Innocent," Loebs Protest; Plan Defense," Maurine Watkins, ""d.i.c.k Innocent," Loebs Protest; Plan Defense," Chicago Sunday Tribune Chicago Sunday Tribune, 1 June 1924; "Jacob M. Loeb," in Gilbert and Bryson, Chicago and Its Makers Chicago and Its Makers, 928.
17. Watkins, ""d.i.c.k Innocent."" Watkins, ""d.i.c.k Innocent.""
18. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fols. 13, 33; William Alanson White Notes (Loeb), fol. 4. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fols. 13, 33; William Alanson White Notes (Loeb), fol. 4.
19. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fols. 7275. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fols. 7275.
20. William Harms and Ida DePencier, William Harms and Ida DePencier, Experiencing Education: 100 Years of Learning at the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools Experiencing Education: 100 Years of Learning at the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools (Chicago: University of Chicago Laboratory Schools, 1996), 410. (Chicago: University of Chicago Laboratory Schools, 1996), 410.
21. "Review of the Season," "Review of the Season," Correlator Correlator 16 (1918): 124125. 16 (1918): 124125.
22. "Molecules Hold Meeting," "Molecules Hold Meeting," University High School Daily University High School Daily, 31 October 1917.
23. "Freshman Lit Club Officers Nominated," "Freshman Lit Club Officers Nominated," University High School Daily University High School Daily, 9 May 1918; "Election of Officers Closes Freshmen Lit," University High School Daily University High School Daily, 22 May 1918.
24. "Freshmen! Vote Today for Cla.s.s Officers," "Freshmen! Vote Today for Cla.s.s Officers," University High School Daily University High School Daily, 11 January 1918; "Freshmen Elect Officers," University High School Daily University High School Daily, 15 January 1918; "Freshmen," Correlator Correlator 16 (1918): 25; "Freshmen to Wind Up Year with Large Party," 16 (1918): 25; "Freshmen to Wind Up Year with Large Party," University High School Daily University High School Daily, 6 June 1918.
25. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fols. 14, 19. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fols. 14, 19.
26. Ibid., fol. 14. Ibid., fol. 14.
27. Ibid., fol. 40. Ibid., fol. 40.
28. Ibid., fol. 14; Trial Transcript, fols. 12851286. Ibid., fol. 14; Trial Transcript, fols. 12851286.
29. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fol. 12. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fol. 12.
30. "Soph.o.m.ore Literary Society Holds Initial Meeting," "Soph.o.m.ore Literary Society Holds Initial Meeting," University High School Daily University High School Daily, 10 October 1918; "Soph Literary Society Holds Varied Meeting," University High School Daily University High School Daily, 5 December 1918.
31. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fol. 24. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fol. 24.
32. Ibid.; Official Transcript (Richard Albert Loeb), Office of the Registrar, University of Chicago. Ibid.; Official Transcript (Richard Albert Loeb), Office of the Registrar, University of Chicago.
33. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fols. 1415; Trial Transcript, fol. 1670. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fols. 1415; Trial Transcript, fol. 1670.
34. "The Campus Club," "The Campus Club," Cap and Gown Cap and Gown 26 (1921): 178179. 26 (1921): 178179.
35. Ibid., 179; Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fol. 28; Official Transcript (Nathan Freudenthal Leopold Jr.), Office of the Registrar, University of Chicago. Ibid., 179; Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fol. 28; Official Transcript (Nathan Freudenthal Leopold Jr.), Office of the Registrar, University of Chicago.
36. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fol. 89; Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fol. 78. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fol. 89; Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fol. 78.
37. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fol. 92; Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fol. 85. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fol. 92; Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fol. 85.
38. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fols. 9091; Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fols. 8385. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fols. 9091; Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fols. 8385.
39. Trial Transcript, fols. 1671, 16831684. Trial Transcript, fols. 1671, 16831684.
40. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fols. 6971. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fols. 6971.
41. Ibid., fol. 68; William Alanson White Notes (Loeb), fol. 6; Trial Transcript, fols. 12951296, 15341535. Ibid., fol. 68; William Alanson White Notes (Loeb), fol. 6; Trial Transcript, fols. 12951296, 15341535.
42. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fols. 92, 9394; Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fols. 8586, 9293. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fols. 92, 9394; Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fols. 8586, 9293.
43. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fol. 139; William Alanson White Notes (Leopold), fol. 17; Trial Transcript, fols. 13861387. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fol. 139; William Alanson White Notes (Leopold), fol. 17; Trial Transcript, fols. 13861387.
44. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fols. 6364; Trial Transcript, fols. 13291330, 14841485, 1703. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fols. 6364; Trial Transcript, fols. 13291330, 14841485, 1703.
45. Trial Transcript, fol. 1485. Trial Transcript, fol. 1485.
b1 46. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fols. 6668; Trial Transcript, fols. 1486, 1704. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fols. 6668; Trial Transcript, fols. 1486, 1704.
47. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fols. 67, 133; Trial Transcript, fols. 14861487. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fols. 67, 133; Trial Transcript, fols. 14861487.
48. Trial Transcript, fols. 13371338, 1706. Trial Transcript, fols. 13371338, 1706.
49. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fols. 2627. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fols. 2627.
50. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fols. 2829, 46, 8990; Nathan F. Leopold Jr., Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fols. 2829, 46, 8990; Nathan F. Leopold Jr., Life Plus 99 Years Life Plus 99 Years (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1958), 112; Minutes of Phi chapter, Zeta Beta Tau, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan. (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1958), 112; Minutes of Phi chapter, Zeta Beta Tau, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.
51. "Differed in College Life," "Differed in College Life," New York Times New York Times, 2 June 1924.
52. "Il Circolo Italiano," "Il Circolo Italiano," Cap and Gown Cap and Gown 28 (1923): 186. 28 (1923): 186.
53. "The Undergraduate Cla.s.sical Club," "The Undergraduate Cla.s.sical Club," Cap and Gown Cap and Gown 28 (1923): 167. 28 (1923): 167.
54. Official Transcript (Nathan Freudenthal Leopold Jr.), Office of the Registrar, University of Chicago. Official Transcript (Nathan Freudenthal Leopold Jr.), Office of the Registrar, University of Chicago.
55. "Honorary Order Elects Fifteen to Membership," "Honorary Order Elects Fifteen to Membership," Daily Maroon Daily Maroon (Chicago), 16 March 1923. (Chicago), 16 March 1923.
56. Nathan F. Leopold Jr., "Reason and Instinct in Bird Migration," Nathan F. Leopold Jr., "Reason and Instinct in Bird Migration," The Auk The Auk 40 (July 1923): 409414; Nathan F. Leopold Jr., "The Kirtland"s Warbler in Its Summer Home," 40 (July 1923): 409414; Nathan F. Leopold Jr., "The Kirtland"s Warbler in Its Summer Home," The Auk The Auk 41 (January 1924): 4458; Leopold, 41 (January 1924): 4458; Leopold, Life Plus 99 Years Life Plus 99 Years, 171.
57. Official Transcript (Richard A. Loeb), Office of the Registrar, University of Michigan; "Richard Loeb of Chicago Michigan"s Youngest Grad," Official Transcript (Richard A. Loeb), Office of the Registrar, University of Michigan; "Richard Loeb of Chicago Michigan"s Youngest Grad," Chicago Daily Tribune Chicago Daily Tribune, 1 June 1923.
58. Trial Transcript, fols. 17761777, 1795, 1833, 18351837, 1917, 1920, 19221923. Trial Transcript, fols. 17761777, 1795, 1833, 18351837, 1917, 1920, 19221923.
59. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fol. 46. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fol. 46.
60. Trial Transcript, fols. 18571858, 19271928, 19411942, 19451947, 19491954. Trial Transcript, fols. 18571858, 19271928, 19411942, 19451947, 19491954.
61. Ibid., fols. 16721673. Ibid., fols. 16721673.
CHAPTER 3: PLANNING THE MURDER.
1. Nathan Leopold Jr. to Richard Loeb, 10 October 1923, quoted in Trial Transcript, fol. 3815. Nathan Leopold Jr. to Richard Loeb, 10 October 1923, quoted in Trial Transcript, fol. 3815.
2. "2,000 Marines Go to Michigan with Team," "2,000 Marines Go to Michigan with Team," Chicago Daily Tribune Chicago Daily Tribune, 9 November 1923; "Wolverines, Marines in Grid War Today," Chicago Daily Tribune Chicago Daily Tribune, 10 November 1923.
3. "2,000 Marines"; Sam Greene, "Michigan-Marine Corps Game Sat.u.r.day Certain to Be Colorful Spectacle," "2,000 Marines"; Sam Greene, "Michigan-Marine Corps Game Sat.u.r.day Certain to Be Colorful Spectacle," Detroit Free Press Detroit Free Press, 10 November 1923.
4. "Denby Watches Michigan Trim Marines, 26 to 6," "Denby Watches Michigan Trim Marines, 26 to 6," Chicago Daily Tribune Chicago Daily Tribune, 11 November 1923; Lloyd Northard, "Amid Pomp and Ceremony Michigan Scores over Quantico Marines, 26 to 6," Detroit Free Press Detroit Free Press, 11 November 1923.
5. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fols. 8788. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fols. 8788.
6. Ibid., fol. 88. Ibid., fol. 88.
7. Ibid., fol. 89. Ibid., fol. 89.
8. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fol. 96. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fol. 96.
9. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fol. 89. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fol. 89.
10. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fol. 97. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fol. 97.
11. Ibid.; Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fol. 94. Ibid.; Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fol. 94.
12. Trial Transcript, fols. 14491450; Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fols. 9495. Trial Transcript, fols. 14491450; Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fols. 9495.
13. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fols. 9899; Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fol. 98. Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fols. 9899; Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fol. 98.
14. William Alanson White Notes (Leopold), fols. 1617; Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fols. 59, 100; Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fol. 101. William Alanson White Notes (Leopold), fols. 1617; Bowman-Hulbert Report (Leopold), fols. 59, 100; Bowman-Hulbert Report (Loeb), fol. 101.