_Amphioxi_ (adj. Rod-like spicules sharp at both ends.
_amphioxous_)
_Amphistrongyli_ (adj. Rod-like spicules blunt at both ends.
_amphistrongylous_)
_Basal membrane_ A h.o.r.n.y, structureless membrane found at the base of some sponges.
_Birotulate_ (subst. or adj.) Spicule with a transverse disk at both ends.
_Bubble-cells_ Spherical cells of the parenchyma the contents of which consist of a drop of liquid covered by a thin film of protoplasm.
_Ciliated_ (or _flagellated_) A cavity lined with collar-cells.
_chamber_
_Collar-cell_ (_choanocyte_) Cell provided at one end with a membranous collar and a vibratile lash or flagellum that springs from within the collar.
_Derma_ or _ectodermal layer_ A layer of flat cells arranged like a pavement on the surface of the sponge.
_Exhalent_ (or _efferent_) A tubular ca.n.a.l through which water _ca.n.a.l_ pa.s.ses from a ciliated chamber towards the osculum.
_Fibres_ (skeleton) Thread-like structures that compose the skeleton of the sponge and are formed (in the Spongillidae) mainly of overlapping spicules.
_Flesh-spicules_ Microscleres (_q. v._) that lie free in the parenchyma and the derma.
_Foramen_ An orifice of the gemmule.
_Foraminal tubule_ A h.o.r.n.y tube that surrounds the foramina of some gemmules.
_Gemmule_ A ma.s.s of cells packed with food-material, surrounded by at least one h.o.r.n.y coat, capable of retaining vitality in unfavourable conditions and finally of giving origin to a new sponge.
_Green corpuscles_ Minute green bodies found inside cells of sponges and other animals and representing a stage in the life-history of an alga (_Chlorella_).
_Inhalent_ (or _afferent_) A tubular ca.n.a.l through which water ca.n.a.l pa.s.ses from the exterior towards a ciliated chamber.
_Megascleres_ The larger spicules that (in the Spongillidae) form the basis of the skeleton of the sponge.
_Microscleres_ Smaller spicules that lie free in the substance or the derma of the sponge, or are a.s.sociated with the gemmule.
_Monaxon_ (Of spicules) having a single main axis; (of sponges) possessing skeleton spicules of this type.
_Osculum_ An aperture through which water is ejected from the sponge.
_Oscular collar_ A ring-shaped membrane formed by an extension of the derma round an osculum.
_Parenchyma_ The gelatinous part of the sponge.
_Pavement layer_ Adherent gemmules arranged close together in a single layer at the base of a sponge.
_Pneumatic coat_ A h.o.r.n.y or chitinous layer on the surface of the gemmule containing air-s.p.a.ces.
If these s.p.a.ces are of regular form and arrangement it is said to be _cellular_; if they are minute and irregular it is called _granular_.
_Pore_ A minute hole through which water is taken into the sponge.
_Pore-cell_ (_porocyte_) A cell pierced by a pore.
_Radiating fibres_ Fibres in the skeleton of a sponge that are vertical or radiate from its centre.
_Rotula_ A transverse disk borne by a microsclere.
_Rotulate_ (subst. or adj.) Spicule bearing one or two transverse disks.
_Spicule_ A minute mineral body of regular and definite shape due not to the forces of crystallization but to the activity of the living cell or cells in which it is formed.
_Spongin_ The h.o.r.n.y substance found in the skeletal framework and the coverings of gemmules of sponges. Structures formed of this substance are often referred to as _chitinous_.
_Subdermal cavity_ A cavity immediately below the derma (_q. v._).
_Transverse fibres_ Fibres in the skeleton of a sponge that run across between the radiating fibres.
_Tubelliform_ (of spicule) Having a straight shaft with a transverse disk at one end and a comparatively small k.n.o.b-like projection at the other.
SYSTEMATIC LIST OF THE INDIAN SPONGILLIDae.
[Types, schizotypes, or cotypes have been examined in the case of all species, &c., whose names are marked thus, *.]
Genus 1. SPONGILLA, Lamarck (1816).
Subgenus A. EUSPONGILLA, Vejdovsky (1883).
1. ? _S. lacustris_, auct. (perhaps in N.W. India).
1_a_. _S. lacustris_ subsp. _reticulata_*, Annandale (1907).
2. _S. proliferens_*, Annandale (1907).
3. _S. alba_*, Carter (1849).
3_a_. _S. alba_ var. _cerebellata_, Bowerbank (1863).
3_b_. _S. alba_ var. _bengalensis_*, Annandale (1906).
4. _S. cinerea_*, Carter (1849).
5. _S. travancorica_*, Annandale (1909).
6. _S. hemephydatia_*, Annandale (1909).
7. _S. crateriformis_* (Potts) (1882).
Subgenus B. EUNAPIUS, J. E. Gray (1867).
8_a_. _S. carteri_ var. _mollis_*, nov.
8_b_. _S. carteri_ var. _cava_*, nov.
8_c_. _S. carteri_ var. _lobosa_*, nov.
9_a_. _S. fragilis_ subsp. _calcuttana_*, nov.
9_b_. _S. fragilis_ var. _decipiens_, Weber (probably Malaysian, not Indian).