This famous horse died when he was thirty years old from wounds received on the field of battle. Alexander mourned his death as that of a dear friend and built a city as a monument to his memory.
Swift and Spurred On were horses that belonged to two Roman emperors.
These horses were fed on almonds and raisins; they had ivory mangers and marble stalls; and one of them drank wine out of a golden pail. But I am sure they were too sensible to like such a life and would have preferred a handful of fresh gra.s.s and a drink of cold water.
There are many other horses whose names are known in history. There was Copenhagen, the Duke of Wellington"s favorite charger, that carried him for ten hours through the battle of Waterloo. Copenhagen lived to a peaceful and honored old age, but he had a fancy for sponge cake and chocolate creams, and he died at last from eating too many sweets.
Then there was Roan Barbary, Richard the Second"s favorite, and Agnes, who carried Mary, Queen of Scots. Washington"s big white horse, whose picture you have often seen, was carefully tended and cherished as long as he lived.
In art the horse is the emblem of courage and generosity, and as we know him to-day he is not lacking in these n.o.ble traits.
HOW TO TREAT HORSES.
It is quite safe to say that of all animals the horse best repays kind treatment. The better you treat him, the better horse he is, and the more work he can do.
Yet no animal is more frequently abused and neglected than the horse. He is left standing in the cold without a blanket or only partly covered; he is whipped by angry drivers; he is ill fed; and he is kept in a dark, close stable for days at a time.
A horse is often brave in facing a danger which he understands. He can be trained to go into dangerous places without shrinking. But it is well to remember that a horse learns only by seeing and smelling, and that a new sight which he does not understand will fill him with terror. He is steadfast before the danger he knows; he is timid as a deer before the danger he imagines.
It should be the business of any one having the care of a horse to let him examine everything that may frighten him. If a horse shies, lead him up gently to see and smell what he is afraid of. He may not dare to go near it the first time, but patience and kindness will teach him, while blows and angry words will only frighten him more.
A bit of paper blowing in the wind is enough to frighten many horses.
Their eyes are not like ours, and often on coming out of a dark stable they are so blinded by the light that familiar things look strange to them. To pick up flying pieces of paper may prevent a serious accident.
[Ill.u.s.tration: THREE MEMBERS OF A TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. By J. F. Herring.]
If a horse can be used without blinders, he will be more comfortable and can see better where he is going. He is not so likely to be frightened if he can see what is on each side of him.
Sometimes a horse will not cross water or bridges. It is of no use to whip him; he will only grow more frightened. The best plan is to wait until another horse comes along and goes over the bridge. Then the timid one sees that nothing dreadful happens, and he follows quietly.
A horse that is frightened in his stall will often refuse to be led out.
If his harness is put on him, he rarely objects to following his master.
It is often difficult to get a horse out of a burning stable, but if a blanket or cloth is thrown over his head to cover his eyes, he can easily be led away from the fire.
In driving a horse, a poor driver often jerks and pulls the reins. This hardens the horse"s mouth and makes it difficult to guide him properly.
Horses learn very readily, and will soon obey their master"s voice as quickly as the rein.
A horse should not be continually urged when he is doing his best. It only discourages him. He should have a chance to get his breath on reaching the top of a hill before he is started into a faster gait.
In hot weather flies are often a torture to a nervous horse. There are several good preparations for sale to rub on horses and cattle to keep off the flies. A fly net is also a great protection. A wet handkerchief, tied over the top of a horse"s head, will sometimes prevent prostration from heat. In the south of France horses often wear hats in the summer, when they are in the hot sun. A wet sponge or a cabbage leaf is placed inside.
It is a mistake to think that a horse should not drink much water. If the body is over-heated it is always well to wait before drinking a great quant.i.ty of cold water, but while exercising, horses as well as men need to drink often.
Every time a horse has been out, his feet should be carefully lifted and brushed out. If a small stone gets fixed in the hollow part of the foot, it will soon make a horse lame. It is so simple and easy to take out the stones which a horse picks up in this way, that all boys and girls should learn how to do it, as soon as they are old enough.
The horse is very sensitive to the sound of the human voice. If the tone is loud and harsh he is frightened and irritated, while he is easily encouraged if it is quiet and friendly. Teamsters have a careless habit of shouting at their horses, which is unnecessary and unkind.
When a horse is balky see that the harness does not hurt him, and that the load is not too heavy for him to draw. Then try some simple encouragement, such as a friendly pat or a lump of sugar.
Lastly, the over-check rein is the cause of intense pain. The use of this rein is so common that it is well to know how painful and dangerous it is. A horse needs to put his head and neck down in order to draw a load well. The over-check is the direct cause of several diseases, and a horse often becomes knee-sprung from its use.
[Ill.u.s.tration: NATURAL AND COMFORTABLE.]
It is sometimes said that a horse looks better with his head in the air.
Does not the horse on the right look quite as well as the other? He certainly seems much more comfortable and happy.
[Ill.u.s.tration: STRAINED AND MISERABLE.]
A horse driven with an over-check rein is more likely to fall, as he cannot see what is before him, and when he does stumble, he cannot recover his footing quickly. He can no longer move freely and gracefully, and no doubt he wishes that his master would care more about his comfort and well-being. Such a horse looks awkward and ill at ease, and would surely protest for himself if he could.
[Ill.u.s.tration: MARE AND COLT. By C. Steff.e.c.k.]
CATCHING THE COLT.
With forehead star, and silver tail, And three white feet to match, The gay, half-broken, sorrel colt, Which one of us could catch?
"I can!" said d.i.c.k, "I"m good for that"; He slowly shook his empty hat; "She"ll think "tis full of corn," said he; "Stand back, and she will come to me."
Her head the shy, proud creature raised As "mid the daisy flowers she grazed; Then down the hill, across the brook, Delaying oft, her way she took; Then changed her pace, and, moving quick, She hurried on, and came to d.i.c.k.
"Ha! ha!" he cried, "I"ve caught you, Beck": And put the halter round her neck.
But soon there came another day, And, eager for a ride, "I"ll go and catch the colt again, I can," said d.i.c.k with pride.
So up the stony pasture lane, And up the hill he trudged again; And when he saw the colt, as slow He shook his old hat to and fro, "She"ll think "tis full of corn," he thought, "And I shall have her quickly caught.
Beck! Beck!" he called; and at the sound, The restless beauty looked around, Then made a quick, impatient turn, And galloped off among the fern.
And when beneath a tree she stopped, And leisurely some clover cropped, d.i.c.k followed after, but in vain; His hand was just upon her mane, When off she flew, as flies the wind, And, panting, he pressed on behind.
Down through the brake, the brook across, O"er bushes, thistles, mounds of moss, Round and around the place they pa.s.sed, Till breathless, d.i.c.k sat down at last; Threw by, provoked, his empty hat,-- "The colt," he said, "remembers that!
There"s always trouble from deceit, I"ll never try again to cheat."
MARIAN DOUGLa.s.s.
A REMARKABLE HORSE-TRAINER.
Nearly half a century ago, an American, named John Rarey, made a name for himself by taming one of the most unruly horses in the world.
This horse was named Cruiser. He belonged to an English n.o.bleman, and was a race-horse of fine blood. Unfortunately he had a bad temper. No groom dared to venture into his stall, and one day, when he had been put into a public stable, it became necessary to take off the roof of the building to get him out. After this he was practically left to himself for three years. His huge bit was loaded with chains, and on his head was a large muzzle, lined inside and out with iron. No wonder that his temper grew worse and worse. When any one came near him he screamed with hate and fury.
Mr. Rarey had already met with such success in taming horses in his own country, that it was decided to let him see what he could do with Cruiser. "Kindness, fearlessness and patience will subdue him," said the American; "I am not afraid to try."