"11. TRANQUILITY.--Be not disturbed at trifles, or at accidents common or unavoidable.
"12. CHASt.i.tY....
"13. HUMILITY.--Imitate Jesus and Socrates."
At one time he seriously thought of organizing a "United Party for Virtue," in connection with which he prepared this religious creed:
"That there is one G.o.d, who made all things.
"That he governs the world by his providence.
"That he ought to be worshipped by adoration, prayer and thanksgiving.
"But that the most acceptable service to G.o.d is doing good to man.
"That the soul is immortal.
"And that G.o.d will certainly reward virtue and punish vice, either here or hereafter."
His letters to relatives and friends, from this time, contained strong words for the Christian Religion, and for the imitation of the virtues practised by its Author. Through his long and useful life, he continued to observe the doctrines and precepts that he named in the foregoing extracts. He was a delegate to the convention for forming a Const.i.tution of the United States, which met at Philadelphia, May, 1787, and he introduced the motion for daily prayers, with remarks thus:
"In the beginning of the contest with Britain, when we were sensible of danger, we had daily prayers in this room for the Divine protection. Our prayers, Sir, were heard; and they were graciously answered. All of us, who were engaged in the struggle, must have observed frequent instances of a superintending Providence in our favor. To that kind Providence we owe this happy opportunity of consulting in peace on the means of establishing our future national felicity. And have we now forgotten that powerful Friend? or do we imagine we no longer need his a.s.sistance? I have lived, Sir, a long time; and, the longer I live, the more convincing proofs I see of this truth, _that_ G.o.d _governs in the affairs of men_. And, if a sparrow can not fall to the ground without his notice, is it probably that an empire can rise without his aid? We have been a.s.sured, Sir, in the sacred writings, that "except the Lord build the house, they labor in vain that build it." I firmly believe this; and I also believe that, without His concurring aid, we shall succeed in this political building no better than the builders of Babel; we shall be divided by our little, partial, local interests, our projects will be confounded, and we ourselves shall become a reproach and a by-word down to future ages."
We will only add here an epitaph that he wrote for his own monument at twenty-three years of age, supposed to have been a paper for the Junto:
"THE BODY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, PRINTER (LIKE THE COVER OF AN OLD BOOK, ITS CONTENTS TORN OUT, AND STRIPT OF ITS LETTERING AND GILDING), LIES HERE, FOOD FOR WORMS. BUT THE WORK ITSELF SHALL NOT BE LOST, FOR IT WILL, AS HE BELIEVED, APPEAR ONCE MORE, IN A NEW AND MORE ELEGANT EDITION, REVISED AND CORRECTED BY THE AUTHOR."
x.x.xIII.
POOR RICHARD"S ALMANAC.
"I shall have to publish an almanac to be in fashion," remarked Franklin to his old friend Coleman. "Every printer in this country issues one, so far as I know."
From this point, we shall drop the Christian name, Benjamin, and use the surname, Franklin.
"A good theme to discuss in the Junto," replied Coleman. "You would publish a better one than the country ever had, if you should undertake it."
"I shall make one that differs from all issued hitherto, in some respects. I have devoted considerable thought to the subject, and have formed a plan, although it has not taken an exact shape yet in my own mind. I think I will bring it up in the Junto."
"By all means do it," added Coleman; "two or more heads may be better than one alone, even if the one contains more than all the rest."
"Much obliged," answered Franklin. "It will aid me essentially to mature my plans, to exchange views with the members of the Junto. I will introduce it at the very next meeting."
The subject was introduced into the Junto, as proposed, and every member hailed the project with delight. Franklin"s paper had become the most popular one in the country, in consequence of the ability with which it discussed public questions, and the sharp, crisp wisdom and wit that made every issue entertaining; and the members believed that he could make an almanac that would take the lead. The discussion in the Junto settled the question of issuing the almanac. Its appearance in 1732 proved a remarkable event in Franklin"s life, much more so than his most sanguine friends antic.i.p.ated.
The Almanac appeared, with the t.i.tle-page bearing the imprint: "By Richard Saunders, Philomat. Printed and sold by B. Franklin."
From the opening to the close of it proverbial sayings, charged with wisdom and wit, were inserted wherever there was s.p.a.ce enough to insert one. The following is a sample:
"Sloth, like rust, consumes faster than labor wears, while the used key is always bright."
"Lost time is never found again; and what we call time enough always proves little enough."
"Drive thy business, let not that drive thee."
"Industry need not hope, and he that lives upon hope will die fasting."
"He that hath a trade hath an estate; and he that hath a calling hath an office of profit and honor."
"At the working-man"s house hunger looks in, but dares not enter."
"Never leave that till to-morrow, which you can do to-day."
"A life of leisure and a life of laziness are two things."
"If you would have your business done, go--if not, send."
"What maintains one vice would bring up two children."
"When the well is dry they know the worth of water."
"Pride is as loud a beggar as want, and a great deal more saucy."
"Experience keeps a dear school, but fools will learn in no other."
"The good paymaster is lord of another man"s purse."
These jets of wisdom made the Almanac sparkle. The mechanical execution of the work excelled that of any of its predecessors; but this literary feature marked the Almanac as marvellous. It became popular at once. Every body who saw it, admired and bought it. The Philadelphians were proud that such a doc.u.ment originated in their town. Copies were sent to friends in other parts of the country, until "Poor Richard"s Almanac" was known throughout the land. Three editions were exhausted in about a month. For twenty-five years Franklin continued to publish a similar Almanac, the average annual circulation of which was ten thousand copies.
The large stock of wisdom and wit which the Almanac contained added wonderfully to Franklin"s fame. From the first issue his mental powers were widely praised. He was only twenty-six years of age, but now his intellectual ability was considered superior to that of any other living man under fifty years of age. The members of the Junto were greatly elated over his success.
"You have beaten yourself," remarked Coleman to him, "exceeded by far what I expected, high as my expectations were. Nothing has been published yet, that has created so profound interest as the Almanac."
"That is all true," said Grace. "Franklin is the theme of remark now everywhere. People seem to be surprised that he could produce a doc.u.ment of so much value. Both his business and newspaper will be advanced by this stroke of wisdom."
"And the Junto, too," suggested Parsons; "the father of the Junto can not receive so much applause without benefiting his child. Every body will want to join now, to meet him here."
Each member present was too much elated to remain silent. No words were too extravagant to express their admiration of Franklin"s ability. To their decided friendship and respect was now added an honorable pride in being able to point to such a friend and a.s.sociate.
The success of his newspaper and Almanac provided Franklin with a supply of money, which he wisely invested. His own words about it were:
"My business was now constantly augmenting, and my circ.u.mstances growing daily easier; my newspaper having become very profitable, as being, for a time, almost the only one in this and the neighboring provinces. I experienced, too, the truth of the observation, "_that after getting the first hundred pounds, it is more easy to get the second_"; money itself being of a prolific nature."
Franklin was aided very much, in the conduct of his paper, by the Junto, where different features of journalism were often discussed.