I, reposing especial trust in the ability, conduct, and fidelity of you, the said George Washington, have appointed you my express messenger; and you are hereby authorized and empowered to proceed hence, with all convenient and possible despatch, to that part or place on the River Ohio where the French have lately erected a fort or forts, or where the commandant of the French forces resides, in order to deliver my letter and message to him; and, after waiting not exceeding one week for an answer, you are to take leave and return immediately back.
To this commission I have set my hand, and caused the great seal of this Dominion to be affixed, at the city of Williamsburg, the seat of my government, this thirtieth day of October, in the twenty-seventh year of the reign of King George the Second, King of Great Britain, Annoque Domini, 1753. ROBERT DINWIDDIE.
The news of Washington"s voluntary offer to act as commissioner to the French on the Ohio was received with great satisfaction by the Colonists. They took occasion both in public and private to extol his bravery and unselfishness. To a less humble and modest young man the enthusiastic demonstration in his honor would have proved too flattering; but no amount of such praise could develop vanity in Washington.
Hastily he prepared for the expedition. When ready to start, the company consisted of eight persons, as follows: Washington; Christopher Gist; John Davidson, an interpreter for the Indians; Jacob Van Braam, his old fencing-master, who could speak French; Henry Steward and William Jenkins, experienced "woodsmen;" and two Indian guides, Barnaby Currin and John McQuire. Mr. Gist was eminently qualified for the post given to him; for having made a settlement between the northwestern ridge of the Alleghanies and Monongahela River, he had often traversed the country, and was well acquainted with the habits of the Indians in the neighborhood through which their route lay.
Before starting upon this perilous mission, Washington paid a flying visit to his mother, who was dearer to him than any other living person.
The announcement that he was to proceed to the Ohio at once filled her with alarm at first, and she thoroughly regretted that he had a.s.sumed the responsibility. However, she took a favorable view of the enterprise, and said:
"It is a very responsible trust to be committed to one of your age, George, but G.o.d will give you wisdom and watch over you, if you commit your ways to Him. My prayers shall not cease to go up for your success and return."
With such emotions as unfeigned filial love creates, Washington parted from his mother.
The following is a copy of the letter which Washington carried from Governor Dinwiddie to the French commander on the Ohio:
SIR:--The lands upon the River Ohio, in the western parts of the Colony of Virginia, are so notoriously known to be the property of the Crown of Great Britain, that it is a matter of equal concern and surprise to me to hear that a body of French forces are erecting fortresses and making settlements upon that river, within his Majesty"s dominions. The _many_ and _repeated_ complaints I have received of these acts of _hostility_ lay me under the necessity of sending, in the name of the king, my master, the bearer hereof, George Washington, Esq., one of the adjutants-general of the forces of this dominion, to complain to you of the encroachments thus made, and of the injuries done to the subjects of Great Britain, in violation of the law of nations, and the treaties now subsisting between the two crowns. If these facts be true, and you think fit to justify your proceedings, I must desire you to acquaint me by whose authority and instructions you have lately marched from Canada with an armed force, and invaded the King of Great Britain"s territories, in the manner complained of; that, according to the purpose and resolution of your answer, I may act agreeably to the commission I am honored with, from the king, my master.
However, sir, in obedience to my instructions, it becomes my duty to require your peaceable departure; and that you will forbear prosecuting a purpose so interruptive of the harmony and good understanding which his Majesty is desirous to continue and cultivate with the most Christian king. ROBERT DINWIDDIE.
IX.
MISSION TO THE FRENCH.
Washington left Williamsburg on the thirty-first day of October, 1753.
He proceeded to Fredericksburg, where Van Braam joined him, thence to Alexandria and Winchester for supplies and horses, but did not arrive at Will"s Creek, where Mr. Gist and others of the party were found, until Nov. 14.
"Now we must depend on you, Mr. Gist, to pilot us through the wilderness," said Washington. "My knowledge of the way ends about where yours begins, I suspect; so we shall commit ourselves to your care."
"Well, I shall take a straight course to Frazier"s, on the Monongahela River," answered Gist.
"And who is Frazier?" inquired Washington.
"He is an Indian trader, who lives at the mouth of Turtle Creek."
"Well acquainted with the country, I suppose he is," suggested Washington.
"He ought to be, for he has been at his business several years, and is an intelligent, responsible man."
"Such a man as we need to see, I should think," continued Washington; "so I agree to follow you to Frazier"s without a single objection."
"A storm is brewing, and will soon be upon us," said Mr. Gist. "I fear that a hard time awaits us."
"I expect as much as that," replied Washington. "Such a journey as we propose can be no child"s play at any season of the year."
That a storm impeded their progress is quite evident from Washington"s journal:
"The excessive rains and vast quant.i.ty of snow which had fallen prevented our reaching Mr. Frazier, the Indian trader"s, until Thursday, the 22d."
"The French general is dead," was the first announcement of Mr. Frazier, on learning the object of the expedition.
"What!" exclaimed Washington, "General Pierre Paul?"
"Yes; messengers have been sent to the Indian traders down the river announcing his death, and the return of the major part of the army into winter quarters," answered Frazier.
"A sudden death, no doubt, and it must necessitate some change in the present plans of the French," remarked Washington.
"Doubtless," replied Frazier. "He died on the twenty-ninth day of October, nearly a month ago. It will not affect your business, however."
"No; but this torrent will," answered Washington, alluding to the impa.s.sable waters of the Monongahela, which the rains had swollen to a flood.
"No crossing here except by swimming the horses."
"And that will be hardly advisable," rejoined Frazier, "since you can take your baggage down to the fork of the Ohio in a canoe."
"A good suggestion," said Washington. "Can you provide me with a canoe?"
"Fortunately I can, and shall be glad to render you any other a.s.sistance possible. It is ten miles to the fork, and you will reach there with the horses before the canoe with the baggage."
Washington engaged the canoe, loaded the baggage upon it, and sent Currin and Steward down the river with it, while he went with the horses and the rest of the party by land. He arrived at the fort in advance of the canoe, and improved the time to visit Shingiss, King of the Delawares, a warrior who had been a terror to the English on the frontier, though he was now their friend.
Shingiss received Washington in a friendly manner, though with manifest reserve. When he learned what was the object of his mission, and that an Indian Council was proposed at Logstown, his friendliness grew into cordiality, and he promised not only to be present at the Council, but to accompany Washington and his party thither.
They arrived at Logstown on the evening of Nov. 24. Washington inquired for Tanacharisson, the half-king, and found that he was out at his hunting cabin on Little Beaver Creek, fifteen miles away. Tanacharisson was called half-king because his authority was subject to that of the Five Nations.
As the half-king was absent, he repaired to Monacatoocha, with John Davidson, his Indian interpreter, and informed him that he was sent a messenger to the French general, and was ordered to call upon the sachems of the Six Nations to acquaint them with it.
"I gave him a string of wampum and a twist of tobacco," says Washington in his journal, "and desired him to send for the half-king, which he promised to do by a "runner" in the morning, and for other sachems. I invited him and the other great men present to my tent, where they stayed about an hour, and returned."
At this place Washington met four Frenchmen who had deserted from a company at Kuskuskas, an Indian town on Big Beaver Creek, Pennsylvania.
Through Van Braam, he inquired:
"Where do you hail from now?"
"From New Orleans. We were sent with a hundred men and eight canoe loads of provisions to this place, where we expected to meet as many more men from the forts on this side of Lake Erie, to convey them and the stores up."
"What about the French forts near New Orleans?"
"There are four small forts between New Orleans and Twigtwies," one of the Frenchmen said.
"And how many men?" Washington asked.
"About forty, and a few pieces of artillery."
"What is there at New Orleans?"