He used to gather about him three or four favourite schoolfellows, after they had learned their cla.s.s lesson and before the cla.s.s was called up, and with a sheet of paper and book on his knee, invent and tell a story, making rapid little pictures of each _dramatis persona_ that came upon the stage.
The plot was woven and spread out with much ingenuity, and the characters were various and well discriminated. But two of them were sure to turn up in every tale, the Devil and the Pope, and the working of the drama invariably had the same issue--the utter ruin and disgrace of these two potentates. I had often thought that there was a presage here of the mission which produced _The Bible in Spain_.--I am, dear sir, very truly yours,
JAMES MARTINEAU.[42]
Yet it is amusing to trace the story through various phases. Dr.
Martineau"s letter was the outcome of his attention being called to a statement made in a letter written by a lady in Hampstead to a friend in Norwich, which runs as follows:
_11th Nov. 1893._
Dr. Martineau, to amuse some boys at a school treat, told us about George Borrow, his schoolfellow: he was always reading adventures of smugglers and pirates, etc., and at last, to carry out his ideas, got a set of his schoolfellows to promise to join him in an expedition to Yarmouth, where he had heard of a ship that he thought would take them. The boys saved all the food they could from their meals, and what money they had, and one morning started very early to walk to Yarmouth. They got half-way--to Blofield, I think--when they were so tired they had to rest by the roadside, and eat their lunch. While they were resting, a gentleman, whose son was at the Free School, pa.s.sed in his gig. He thought it was very odd so many boys, some of whom he had seen, should be waiting about, so he drove back and asked them if they would come to dine with him at the inn. Of course they were only too glad, poor boys: but as soon as he had got them all in he sent his servant with a letter to Mr. Valpy, who sent a coach and brought them all back. You know what a cruel man that Dr. V. was. He made Dr. Martineau take poor Borrow on his back, "horse him," I think he called it, and flogged him so that Dr. M. said he would carry the marks for the rest of his life, and he had to keep his bed for a fortnight. The other boys got off with lighter punishment, but Borrow was the ring-leader. Those were the "good old times"! I have heard Dr. M. say that not for another life would he go through the misery he suffered as "town boy" at that school.
Miss Frances Power Cobbe, who lived next door to Borrow in Hereford Square, Brompton, in the "sixties, as we shall see later, has a word to say on the point:
Dr. Martineau once told me that he and Borrow had been schoolfellows at Norwich some sixty years before. Borrow had persuaded several of his other companions to rob their fathers"
tills, and then the party set forth to join some smugglers on the coast. By degrees the truants all fell out of line and were picked up, tired and hungry, along the road, and brought back to Norwich School, where condign chastis.e.m.e.nt awaited them.
George Borrow, it seems, received his large share _horsed_ on James Martineau"s back! The early connection between the two old men, as I knew them, was irresistibly comic to my mind.
Somehow when I asked Mr. Borrow once to come and meet some friends at our house he accepted our invitation as usual, but, on finding that Dr. Martineau was to be of the party, hastily withdrew his acceptance on a transparent excuse; nor did he ever after attend our little a.s.semblies without first ascertaining that Dr. Martineau was not to be present.[43]
James Martineau died in 1900, but the last of Borrow"s schoolfellows to die was, I think, Mr. William Edmund Image, a Justice of the Peace and Deputy Lieutenant for Suffolk. He resided at Herringswell House, near Mildenhall, where he died in 1903, aged 96 years.
Mr. Valpy of the Norwich Grammar School is scarcely to be blamed that he was not able to make separate rules for a quite abnormal boy. Yet, if he could have known, Borrow was better employed playing truant and living up to his life-work as a glorified vagabond than in studying in the ordinary school routine. George Borrow belonged to a type of boy--there are many such--who learn much more out of school than in its bounds; and the boy Borrow, picking up brother vagabonds in Tombland Fair, and already beginning, in his own peculiar way, his language craze, was laying the foundations that made _Lavengro_ possible.
FOOTNOTES:
[38] In earlier times we have the names of Matthew Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury; Edward c.o.ke, Lord Chief Justice; John Caius, the founder of Caius College, Cambridge; and Samuel Clarke, divine and metaphysician; and, indeed, a very considerable list of England"s worthies.
[39] "Lights on Borrow," by the Rev. Augustus Jessopp, D. D., Hon. Canon of Norwich Cathedral, in _The Daily Chronicle_, 30th April 1900.
[40] The whole memorandum on a sheet of notepaper, signed A. D., is in the possession of Mrs. James Stuart of Carrow Abbey, Norwich, who has kindly lent it to me.
[41] This is a contemptuous reference in Martineau"s own words to "George Borrow, the writer and actor of romance," in the allusion to Martineau"s schoolfellows under Edward Valpy. Martineau was at the Norwich Grammar School for four years--from 1815 to 1819. See _Life and Letters_, by James Drummond and C. B. Upton, vol. i. pp. 16, 17.
[42] Reprint from an article by W. A. Dutt on "George Borrow and James Martineau" in _The Sphere_ for 30th August 1902. The letter was written to Mr. James Hooper, of Norwich.
[43] _Life of Frances Power Cobbe as told by Herself_, ch. xvii.
CHAPTER VIII
GEORGE BORROW"S NORWICH--THE LAWYER"S OFFICE
Doubts were very frequently expressed in Borrow"s lifetime as to his having really been articled to a solicitor, but the indefatigable Dr.
Knapp set that point at rest by reference to the Record Office. Borrow was articled to Simpson and Rackham of Tuck"s Court, St. Giles"s, Norwich, "for the term of five years"--from March 1819 to March 1824--and these five years were spent in and about Norwich, and were full of adventure of a kind with which the law had nothing to do. If Borrow had had the makings of a lawyer he could not have entered the profession under happier auspices. The firm was an old established one even in his day. It had been established in Tuck"s Court as Simpson and Rackham, then it became Rackham and Morse, Rackham, Cooke and Rackham, and Rackham and Cooke; finally, Tom Rackham, a famous Norwich man in his day, moved to another office, and the firm of lawyers who occupy the original offices in our day is called Leathes Prior and Sons. Borrow has told us frankly what a poor lawyer"s clerk he made--he was always thinking of things remote from that profession, of gypsies, of prize-fighters, and of word-makers. Yet he loved the head of the firm, William Simpson, who must have been a kind and tolerant guide to the curious youth. Simpson was for a time Town Clerk of Norwich, and his portrait hangs in the Blackfriars Hall. Borrow went to live with Mr.
Simpson in the Upper Close near the Grammar School. Archdeacon Groome recalled having seen Borrow "reserved and solitary" haunting the precincts of the playground; another schoolboy, William Drake, remembered him as "tall, spare, dark-complexioned."[44] Here is Borrow"s account of his master and of his work:
A more respectable-looking individual was never seen; he really looked what he was, a gentleman of the law--there was nothing of the pettifogger about him: somewhat under the middle size, and somewhat rotund in person, he was always dressed in a full suit of black, never worn long enough to become threadbare. His face was rubicund, and not without keenness; but the most remarkable thing about him was the crown of his head, which was bald, and shone like polished ivory, nothing more white, smooth, and l.u.s.trous. Some people have said that he wore false calves, probably because his black silk stockings never exhibited a wrinkle; they might just as well have said that he waddled, because his boots creaked; for these last, which were always without a speck, and polished as his crown, though of a different hue, did creak, as he walked rather slowly. I cannot say that I ever saw him walk fast.
He had a handsome practice, and might have died a very rich man, much richer than he did, had he not been in the habit of giving rather expensive dinners to certain great people, who gave him nothing in return, except their company; I could never discover his reasons for doing so, as he always appeared to me a remarkably quiet man, by nature averse to noise and bustle; but in all dispositions there are anomalies. I have already said that he lived in a handsome house, and I may as well here add that he had a very handsome wife, who both dressed and talked exceedingly well.
So I sat behind the deal desk, engaged in copying doc.u.ments of various kinds; and in the apartment in which I sat, and in the adjoining ones, there were others, some of whom likewise copied doc.u.ments, while some were engaged in the yet more difficult task of drawing them up; and some of these, sons of n.o.body, were paid for the work they did, whilst others, like myself, sons of somebody, paid for being permitted to work, which, as our princ.i.p.al observed, was but reasonable, forasmuch as we not unfrequently utterly spoiled the greater part of the work intrusted to our hands.[45]
[Ill.u.s.tration: WILLIAM SIMPSON
From a portrait by Thomas Phillips, R.A.
Mr. Simpson was Chamberlain of the city of Norwich and Treasurer of the county of Norfolk. He was Town-Clerk of Norwich in 1826, and has an interest in connection with George Borrow in that Borrow was articled to him as a lawyer"s clerk and describes him in _Wild Wales_ as "the greatest solicitor in East Anglia--indeed I may say the prince of all English solicitors."
The portrait hangs in the Black Friars Hall, Norwich.]
And he goes on to tell us that he studied the Welsh language and later the Danish; his master said that his inattention would a.s.suredly make him a bankrupt, and his father sighed over his eccentric and impracticable son. The pa.s.sion for languages had indeed caught hold of Borrow. Among my Borrow papers I find a memorandum in the handwriting of his stepdaughter in which she says:
I have often heard his mother say, that when a mere child of eight or nine years, all his pocket-money was spent in purchasing foreign Dictionaries and Grammars; he formed an acquaintance with an old woman who kept a bookstall in the market-place of Norwich, whose son went voyages to Holland with cattle, and brought home Dutch books, which were eagerly bought by little George. One day the old woman was crying, and told him that her son was in prison. "For doing what?" asked the child. "For taking a silk handkerchief out of a gentleman"s pocket." "Then," said the boy, "your son stole the pocket handkerchief?" "No dear, no, my son did not steal,--he only glyfaked."
We have no difficulty in recognising here the heroine of the Moll Flanders episode in _Lavengro_. But it was not from casual meetings with Welsh grooms and Danes and Dutchmen that Borrow acquired even such command of various languages as was undoubtedly his. We have it on the authority of an old fellow-pupil at the Grammar School, Burcham, afterwards a London police-magistrate, that William Taylor gave him lessons in German,[46] but he acquired most of his varied knowledge in these impressionable years in the Corporation Library of Norwich. Dr.
Knapp found, in his most laudable examination of some of the books, Borrow"s neat pencil notes, the making of which was not laudable on the part of his hero. One book here marked was on ancient Danish literature, the author of which, Olaus Wormius, gave him the hint for calling himself Olaus Borrow for a time--a signature that we find in some of Borrow"s published translations. Borrow at this time had aspirations of a literary kind, and Thomas Campbell accepted a translation of Schiller"s _Diver_, which was signed "O. B." There were also translations from the German, Dutch, Swedish, and Danish, in the _Monthly Magazine_. Clearly Borrow was becoming a formidable linguist, if not a very exact master of words. Still he remained a vagabond, and loved to wander over Mousehold Heath, to the gypsy encampment, and to make friends with the Romany folk; he loved also to haunt the horse fairs for which Norwich was so celebrated; and he was not averse from the companionship of wilder spirits who loved pugilism, if we may trust _Lavengro_, and if we may a.s.sume, as we justly may, that he many times cast youthful, sympathetic eyes on John Thurtell in these years, the to-be murderer of Weare, then actually living with his father in a house on the Ipswich Road, Thurtell, the father, being in no mean position in the city--an alderman, and a sheriff in 1815. Yes, there was plenty to do and to see in Norwich, and Borrow"s memories of it were nearly always kindly:
A fine old city, truly, is that, view it from whatever side you will; but it shows best from the east, where ground, bold and elevated, overlooks the fair and fertile valley in which it stands. Gazing from those heights, the eye beholds a scene which cannot fail to awaken, even in the least sensitive bosom, feelings of pleasure and admiration. At the foot of the heights flows a narrow and deep river, with an antique bridge communicating with a long and narrow suburb, flanked on either side by rich meadows of the brightest green, beyond which spreads the city; the fine old city, perhaps the most curious specimen at present extant of the genuine old English town.
Yes, there it spreads from north to south, with its venerable houses, its numerous gardens, its thrice twelve churches, its mighty mound, which, if tradition speaks true, was raised by human hands to serve as the grave-heap of an old heathen king, who sits deep within it, with his sword in his hand, and his gold and silver treasures about him. There is a grey old castle upon the top of that mighty mound; and yonder, rising three hundred feet above the soil, from among those n.o.ble forest trees, behold that old Norman master-work, that cloud-encircled cathedral spire, around which a garrulous army of rooks and choughs continually wheel their flight. Now, who can wonder that the children of that fine old city are proud of her, and offer up prayers for her prosperity? I myself, who was not born within her walls, offer up prayers for her prosperity, that want may never visit her cottages, vice her palaces, and that the abomination of idolatry may never pollute her temples.
But at the very centre of Borrow"s Norwich life was William Taylor, concerning whom we have already written much. It was a Jew named Mousha, a quack it appears, who pretended to know German and Hebrew, and had but a smattering of either language, who first introduced Borrow to Taylor, and there is a fine dialogue between the two in _Lavengro_, of which this is the closing fragment:
"Are you happy?" said the young man.
"Why, no! And, between ourselves, it is that which induces me to doubt sometimes the truth of my opinions. My life, upon the whole, I consider a failure; on which account, I would not counsel you, or anyone, to follow my example too closely. It is getting late, and you had better be going, especially as your father, you say, is anxious about you. But, as we may never meet again, I think there are three things which I may safely venture to press upon you. The first is, that the decencies and gentlenesses should never be lost sight of, as the practice of the decencies and gentlenesses is at all times compatible with independence of thought and action. The second thing which I would wish to impress upon you is, that there is always some eye upon us; and that it is impossible to keep anything we do from the world, as it will a.s.suredly be divulged by somebody as soon as it is his interest to do so. The third thing which I would wish to press upon you----"
"Yes," said the youth, eagerly bending forward.
"Is"--and here the elderly individual laid down his pipe upon the table--"that it will be as well to go on improving yourself in German!"
Taylor it was who, when Borrow determined to try his fortunes in London with those bundles of unsaleable ma.n.u.scripts, gave him introductions to Sir Richard Phillips and to Thomas Campbell. It was in the agnostic spirit that he had learned from Taylor that he wrote during this period to his one friend in London, Roger Kerrison. Kerrison was grandson of Sir Roger Kerrison, Mayor of Norwich in 1778, as his son Thomas was after him in 1806. Roger was articled, as was Borrow, to the firm of Simpson and Rackham, while his brother Allday was in a drapery store in Norwich, but with mind bent on commercial life in Mexico. George was teaching him Spanish in these years as a preparation for his great adventure. Roger had gone to London to continue his professional experience. He finally became a Norwich solicitor and died in 1882.
Allday went to Zacatecas, Mexico, and acquired riches. John Borrow followed him there and met with an early death, as we have seen. Borrow and Roger Kerrison were great friends at this time; but when _Lavengro_ was written they had ceased to be this, and Roger is described merely as an "acquaintance" who had found lodgings for him on his first visit to London. As a matter of fact that trip to London was made easy for Borrow by the opportunity given to him of sharing lodgings with Roger Kerrison at Milman Street, Bedford Row, where Borrow put in an appearance on 1st April 1824, some two months after the following letter was written:
To Mr. Roger Kerrison, 18 Milman Street, Bedford Row.
NORWICH, _Jany. 20, 1824._
DEAREST ROGER,--I did not imagine when we separated in the street, on the day of your departure from Norwich, that we should not have met again: I had intended to have come and seen you off, but happening to dine at W. Barron"s I got into discourse, and the hour slipt past me unawares.
I have been again for the last fortnight laid up with that detestable complaint which destroys my strength, impairs my understanding, and will in all probability send me to the grave, for I am now much worse than when you saw me last. But _nil desperandum est_, if ever my health mends, and possibly it may by the time my clerkship is expired, I intend to live in London, write plays, poetry, etc., abuse religion and get myself prosecuted, for I would not for an ocean of gold remain any longer than I am forced in this dull and gloomy town.
I have no news to regale you with, for there is none abroad, but I live in the expectation of shortly hearing from you, and being informed of your plans and projects; fear not to be prolix, for the slightest particular cannot fail of being interesting to one who loves you far better than parent or relation, or even than the G.o.d whom bigots would teach him to adore, and who subscribes himself, Yours unalterably,
GEORGE BORROW.[47]
Borrow might improve his German--not sufficiently as we shall see in our next chapter--but he would certainly never make a lawyer. Long years afterwards, when, as an old man, he was frequently in Norwich, he not seldom called at that office in Tuck"s Court, where five strange years of his life had been spent. A clerk in Rackham"s office in these later years recalls him waiting for the princ.i.p.al as he in his youth had watched others waiting.[48]