[Ill.u.s.tration: A POST-CARD FROM GENERAL VON KLUCK.]
International relations in the future will, to a great extent, be moulded along the lines of Mr. Wilson"s policies during this war.
Diplomacy will be based upon a full discussion of all international issues. The object of diplomacy will be to reach an understanding to _prevent_ wars, not to _avoid_ them at the eleventh hour. Just as enlightened society tries to _prevent_ murder so will civilised nations in the future try to prevent wars.
Mr. Wilson expressed his faith in this new development in international affairs by saying that "the opinion of the world is the mistress of the world."
The important concern to-day is: How can this world opinion be moulded into a world power?
Opinion cannot be codified like law because it is often the vanguard of legislation. Public opinion is the reaction of a thousand and one incidents upon the public consciousness. In the world to-day the most important influence in the development of opinion is the daily press.
By a judicious interpretation of affairs the President of the United States frequently may direct public opinion in certain channels while his representatives to foreign governments, especially when there is opportunity, as there is to-day, may help spread our ideas abroad.
World political leaders, if one may judge from events so far, foresee a new era in international affairs. Instead of a nation"s foreign policies being secret, instead of unpublished alliances and iron-bound treaties, there may be the proclaiming of a nation"s international intentions, exactly as a political party in the United States pledges its intentions in a political campaign. Parties in Europe may demand a statement of the foreign intentions of their governments. If there was this candidness between the governments and their citizens there would he more frankness between the nations and their neighbours. Public opinion would then be the decisive force. International steps of all nations would then be decided upon only after the public was thoroughly acquainted with their every phase. A fully informed nation would be considered safer and more peace-secure than a nation whose opinion was based upon coloured official reports, "Ems" telegrams of 1870 and 1914 variety, and eleventh-hour appeals to pa.s.sion, fear and G.o.d.
The opinion of the world may then be a stronger international force than large individual armies and navies. The opinion of the world may be such a force that every nation will respect and fear it. The opinion of the world may be the mistress of the world and publicity will be the new driving force in diplomacy to give opinion world power.
Germany"s defeat will be the greatest event in history because it will establish world democracy upon a firm foundation and because Germany itself will emerge democratic. The Chancellor has frequently stated that the Germany which would come out of this war would be nothing like the Germany which went into the war and the Kaiser has already promised a "people"s kingdom of Hohenzollern." The Kaiser"s government will be reformed because world opinion insists upon it. If the German people do not yet see this, they will be outlawed until they are free. They will see it eventually, and when that day comes, peace will dawn in Europe.
APPENDIX
Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.
DEAR SIR:
Returning to Ithaca, I find your letter with its question relating to the temporary arrest of a vessel carrying munitions of war to Spain shortly after the beginning of our war with that country. The simple facts are as follows: Receiving a message by wire from our American Consul at Hamburg early during the war, to the effect that a Spanish vessel supposed to carry munitions for Spain was just leaving Germany, I asked the Foreign Office that the vessel be searched before leaving, my purpose being not only to get such incidental information as possible regarding the contraband concerned, but particulars as to the nature of the vessel, whether it was so fitted that it could be used with advantage by our adversaries against our merchant navy, as had happened during our Civil War, when Great Britain let out of her ports vessels fitted to prey upon our merchant ships.
The German Government was very courteous to us in the matter and it was found that the Spanish ship concerned was not so fitted up and that the contraband was of a very ordinary sort, such as could be obtained from various nations. The result was that the vessel, after a brief visit, proceeded on her way, and our agents at Hamburg informed me later that during the entire war vessels freely carried ammunition from German ports both to Spain and to the United States, and that neither of the belligerents made any remonstrance. Of course, I was aware that under the usages of nations I had, strictly speaking, no right to demand seizure of the contraband concerned, but it seemed my duty at least to secure the above information regarding it and the ship which carried it.
I remain, dear sir,
Very respectfully yours,
(_Signed_) ANDREW D. WHITE.