One feels disposed to pa.s.s over in silence the "Burns Monument," which was built in 1820, at a cost of over three thousand pounds; "a circular temple supported by nine fluted Corinthian columns, emblematic of the nine muses," say the guide-books. It stands in a garden overlooking the Doon, and is a painful sight. But in a room in the base of it are to be seen some relics at which no Burns lover can look unmoved,--the Bibles he gave to Highland Mary, the ring with which he wedded Jean (taken off after her death), and two rings containing some of his hair.
It is but a few steps from this monument down to a spot on the "banks o" bonnie Doon," from which is a fine view of the "auld brig." This shining, silent water, and the overhanging, silent trees, and the silent bell in the gable of Alloway Kirk, speak more eloquently of Burns than do all nine of the Corinthian muse-dedicated pillars in his monument.
So do the twa brigs of Ayr, which still stand at the foot of High Street, silently recriminating each other as of old.
"I doubt na, frien", ye"ll think ye"r nae sheep-shank When ye are streekit o"er frae bank to bank,"
sneers the Auld; and
"Will your poor, narrow foot-path of a street, Where twa wheelbarrows tremble when they meet, Your ruined, formless bulk o" stane and lime, Compare wi" bonny brigs o" modern time?"
retorts the New; and "the sprites that owre the brigs of Ayr preside"
never interrupt the quarrel. Spite of all its boasting, however, the new bridge cracked badly two years ago, and had to be taken down and entirely rebuilt.
The dingy little inn where
"Tam was glorious, O"er a" the ills o" life victorious,"
is still called by his name, and still preserves, as its chief claims to distinction, the big wooden mug out of which Tam drank, and the chair in which he so many market-nights
"Gat planted unco richt."
The chair is of oak, wellnigh black as ebony, and furrowed thick with names cut upon it. The smart young landlady who now keeps the house commented severely on this desecration of it, and said that for some years the house had been "keepit" by a widow, who was "in no sense up to the beesiness," and "a" people did as they pleased in the hoos in her day." The mug has a metal rim and base; but spite of these it has needed to be clasped together again by three ribs of cane, riveted on.
"Money couldn"t buy it," the landlady said. It belongs to the house, is mentioned always in the terms of lease, and the house has changed hands but four times since Tam"s day.
In a tiny stone cottage in the southern suburbs of Ayr, live two nieces of Burns, daughters of his youngest sister, Isabella. They are vivacious still, and eagerly alive to all that goes on in the world, though they must be well on in the seventies. The day I called they had "just received a newspaper from America," they said. "Perhaps I knew it. It was called "The Democrat."" As I was not able to identify it by that description, the younger sister made haste to fetch it. It proved to be a paper printed in Madison, Iowa. The old ladies were much interested in the approaching American election, had read all they could find about General Garfield, and were much impressed by the wise reticence of General Grant. "He must be a vary cautious man; disna say enough to please people," they said, with sagacious nods of approbation. They remembered Burns"s wife very well, had visited her when she was living, a widow, at Dumfries, and told with glee a story which they said she herself used to narrate, with great relish, of a pedler lad who, often coming to the house with wares to sell in the kitchen, finally expressed to the servant his deep desire to see Mrs.
Burns. She accordingly told him to wait, and her mistress would, no doubt, before long come into the room. Mrs. Burns came in, stood for some moments talking with the lad, bought some trifle of him, and went away. Still he sat waiting. At last the servant asked why he did not go. He replied that she had promised he should see Mrs. Burns.
"But ye have seen her; that was she," said the servant.
"Eh, eh?" said the lad. "Na! never tell me now that was "bonnie Jean"!"
Burns"s mother, too (their grandmother), they recollected well, and had often heard her tell of the time when the family lived at Lochlea, and Robert, spending his evenings at the Tarbolton merry-makings with the Bachelors" Club or the Masons, used to come home late in the night, and she used to sit up to let him in. These doings sorely displeased the father; and at last he said grimly, one night, that he would sit up to open the door for Robert. Trembling with fear, the mother went to bed, and did not close her eyes, listening apprehensively for the angry meeting between father and son. She heard the door open, the old man"s stern tone, Robert"s gay reply; and in a twinkling more the two were sitting together over the fire, the father splitting his sides with half-unwilling laughter at the boy"s inimitable descriptions and mimicry of the scenes he had left. Nearly two hours they sat there in this way, the mother all the while cramming the bed-clothes into her mouth, lest her own laughter should remind her husband how poorly he was carrying out his threats. After that night "Rob" came home at what hour he pleased, and there was nothing more heard of his father"s sitting up to reprove him.
They believed that Burns"s intemperate habits had been greatly exaggerated. Their mother was a woman twenty-five years old, and the mother of three children when he died, and she had never once seen him the "waur for liquor." "There were vary mony idle people i" the warld, an" a great deal o" talk," they said. After his father"s death he a.s.sumed the position of the head of the house, and led in family prayers each morning; and everybody said, even the servants, that there were never such beautiful prayers heard. He was a generous soul.
After he left home he never came back for a visit, however poor he might be, without bringing a present for every member of the family; always a pound of tea for his mother, "and tea was tea then," the old ladies added. To their mother he gave a copy of Thomson"s "Seasons,"
which they still have. They have also some letters of his, two of which I read with great interest. They were to his brother, and were full of good advice. In one he says:--
"I intended to have given you a sheetful of counsels, but some business has prevented me. In a word, learn taciturnity. Let that be your motto. Though you had the wisdom of Newton or the wit of Swift, garrulousness would lower you in the eyes of your fellow-creatures."
In the other, after alluding to some village tragedy, in which great suffering had fallen on a woman, he says,--
"Women have a kind of steady sufferance which qualifies them to endure much beyond the common run of men; but perhaps part of that fort.i.tude is owing to their short-sightedness, as they are by no means famous for seeing remote consequences in their real importance."
The old ladies said that their mother had liked "Jean" on the whole, though "at first not so weel, on account of the connection being what it was." She was kindly, cheery, "never bonny;" but had a good figure, danced well and sang well, and worshipped her husband. She was "not intellectual;" "but there"s some say a poet shouldn"t have an intellectual wife," one of the ingenuous old spinsters remarked interrogatively. "At any rate, she suited him; an" it was ill speering at her after all that was said and done," the younger niece added, with real feeling in her tone. Well might she say so. If there be a touching picture in all the long list of faithful and ill-used women, it is that of "bonnie Jean,"--the unwedded mother of children, the forgiving wife of a husband who betrayed others as he had betrayed her,--when she took into her arms and nursed and cared for her husband"s child, born of an outcast woman, and bravely answered all curious questioners with, "It"s a neebor"s bairn I"m bringin" up." She wrought for herself a place and an esteem of which her honest and loving humility little dreamed.
There is always something sad in seeking out the spot where a great man has died. It is like living over the days of his death and burial.
The more sympathetically we have felt the spell of the scenes in which he lived his life, the more vitalized and vitalizing that life was, the more are we chilled and depressed in the presence of places on which his wearied and suffering gaze rested last. As I drove through the dingy, confused, and ugly streets of Dumfries, my chief thought was, "How Burns must have hated this place!" Looking back on it now, I have a half-regret that I ever saw it, that I can recall vividly the ghastly graveyard of Saint Michael"s, with its twenty-six thousand gravestones and monuments, crowded closer than they would be in a marble-yard, ranged in rows against the walls without any pretence of a.s.sociation with the dust they affect to commemorate. What a ballad Burns might have written about such a show! And what would it not have been given to him to say of the "Genius of Coila, finding her favorite son at the plough, and casting her mantle over him,"--that is, the sculptured monument, or, as the s.e.xton called it, "Mawsolem," under which he has had the misfortune to be buried. A great Malvern bathwoman, bringing a bathing-sheet to an unwilling patient, might have been the model for the thing. It is hideous beyond description, and in a refinement of ingenuity has been made uglier still by having the s.p.a.ces between the pillars filled in with gla.s.s. The severe Scotch weather, it seems, was discoloring the marble. It is a pity that the zealous guardians of its beauty did not hold it precious enough to be boarded up altogether.
The house in which Burns spent the first eighteen months of his dreary life in Dumfries is now a common tenement-house at the lower end of a poor and narrow street. As I was reading the tablet let into the wall, bearing his name, a carpenter went by, carrying his box of tools slung on his shoulder.
"He only had three rooms there," said the man, "those three up there,"
pointing to the windows; "two rooms and a little kitchen at the back."
The house which is usually shown to strangers as his is now the home of the master of the industrial school, and is a comfortable little building joining the school. Here Burns lived for three years; and here, in a small chamber not more than twelve by fifteen feet in size, he died on the 21st of July, 1796, sadly hara.s.sed in his last moments by anxiety about money matters and about the approaching illness of his faithful Jean.
Opening from this room is a tiny closet, lighted by one window.
"They say he used to make up his poetry in here," said the servant-girl; "but I dare say it is only a supposeetion; still, it "ud be a quiet place."
"They say there was a great lot o" papers up here when he died," she added, throwing open the narrow door of a ladder-like stairway that led up into the garret, "writin"s that had been sent to him from all over the world, but n.o.body knew what become of them. Now that he"s so much thought aboot, I wonder his widow did not keep them. But, ye know, the poor thing was just comin" to be ill; that was the last thing he wrote when he knew he was dyin", for some one to come and stay with her; and I dare say she was in such a sewither she did not know about anything."
The old stone stairs were winding and narrow,--painted now, and neatly carpeted, but worn into depressions here and there by the plodding of feet. Nothing in the house, above or below, spoke to me of Burns so much as did they. I stood silent and rapt on the landing, and saw him coming wearily up, that last time; after which he went no more out forever, till he was borne in the arms of men, and laid away in Saint Michael"s graveyard to rest.
That night, at my lonely dinner in the King"s Arms, I had the Edinburgh papers. There were in them three editorials headed with quotations from Burns"s poems, and an account of the sale in Edinburgh, that week, of an autograph letter of his for ninety-four pounds!
Does he think sadly, even in heaven, how differently he might have done by himself and by earth, if earth had done for him then a t.i.the of what it does now? Does he know it? Does he care? And does he listen when, in lands he never saw, great poets sing of him in words simple and melodious as his own?
"For now he haunts his native land As an immortal youth: his hand Guides every plough; He sits beside each ingle-nook, His voice is in each rushing brook, Each rustling bough.
"His presence haunts this room to-night, A form of mingled mist and light From that far coast.
Welcome beneath this roof of mine!
Welcome! this vacant chair is thine, Dear guest and ghost!"[8]
GLINTS IN AULD REEKIE.
As soon as one comes to know Edinburgh, he feels a grat.i.tude to that old gentleman of Fife who is said to have invented the affectionate phrase "Auld Reekie." Perhaps there never was any such old gentleman; and perhaps he never did, as the legend narrates, regulate the hours of his family prayers, on summer evenings, by the thickening smoke which he could see rising from Edinburgh chimneys, when the cooking of suppers began.
"It"s time now, bairns, to tak the beuks an" gang to our beds; for yonder"s Auld Reekie, I see, putting on her nichtcap," are the words which the harmless little tradition puts into his mouth. They are wisely dated back to the reign of Charles II., a time from which none now speak to contradict; and they serve as well as any others to introduce and emphasize the epithet which, once heard, is not forgotten by a lover of Edinburgh, remaining always in his memory, like a pet name of one familiarly known.
It is not much the fashion of travellers to become attached to Edinburgh. Rome for antiquity, London for study and stir, Florence for art, Venice for art and enchantment combined,--all these have pilgrims who become worshippers, and return again and again to them, as the devout return to shrines. But few return thus to Edinburgh. It continually happens that people planning routes of travel are heard to say, "I have seen Edinburgh," p.r.o.nouncing the word "seen" with a stress indicating a finality of completion. n.o.body ever uses a phrase in that way about Rome or Venice. It is always, "We have been in,"
"spent a winter in," "a summer in," or "a month in" Rome, or Venice, or any of the rest; and the very tone and turn of the phrase tell the desire or purpose of another winter, or summer, or month in the remembered and longed-for place.
But Edinburgh has no splendors with which to woo and attract. She is "a penniless la.s.s;" "wi" a lang pedigree," however,--as long and as splendid as the best, reaching back to King Arthur at least, and some say a thousand years farther, and a.s.sert that the rock on which her castle stands was a stronghold when Rome was a village. At any rate, there was a fortress there long before Edinburgh was a town, and that takes it back midway between the five hundredth and six hundredth year of our Lord. From that century down to this it was the centre of as glorious and terrible fighting and suffering as the world has ever seen. Kingly besieged and besiegers, prisoners, martyrs, men and women alike heroic, their presences throng each doorway still; and the very stones at a touch seem set ringing again with the echoes of their triumphs and their agonies.
To me, the castle is Edinburgh. Looking from the sunny south windows of Prince"s Street across at its h.o.a.ry front is like a wizard"s miracle, by which dead centuries are rolled back, compressed into minutes. At the foot of its north precipices, where lay the lake in which, in the seventeenth century, royal swans floated and plebeian courtesans were ducked, now stretches a gay gardened meadow, through which flash daily railway trains. Their columns of blue smoke scale the rocks, coil after coil, but never reach the citadel summit, being tangled, spent, and lost in the tops of trees, which in their turn seem also to be green-plumed besiegers, ever climbing, climbing. For five days I looked out on this picture etched against a summer sky: in black, by night; in the morning, of soft sepia tints, or gray,--tower, battlement, wall, and roof, all in sky lines; below these the wild crags and precipices, a mosaic of grays, two hundred feet down, to a bright greensward dotted with white daisies. Set steadily to the sunrise, by a west wind which never stopped blowing for the whole five days, streamed out the flag. To have read on its folds, "Castelh-Mynyd-Agned," or "Castrum Puellarum," would not have seemed at any hour a surprise. There is nowhere a relic of antiquity which so dominates its whole environment as does this rock fortress. Its actuality is sovereign; its personality majestic. The thousands of modern people thronging up and down Prince"s Street seem perpetrating an impertinent anachronism. The times are the castle"s times still; all this nineteenth-century haberdashery and chatter is an inexplicable and insolent freak of interruption. Sitting at one"s Prince"s Street windows, one sees it not; overlooks it as meaningless and of no consequence. Instead, he sees the constable"s son, in Bruce"s day, coming down that two hundred feet of precipice, hand over hand, on a bit of rope ladder, to visit the "wench in town" with whom he was in love; and anon turning this love-lore of his to patriotic account, by leading Earl Douglas, with his thirty picked Scots, up the same precipices, in the same perilous fashion, to surprise the English garrison, which they did to such good purpose that in a few hours they retook the castle, the only one then left which Bruce had not recovered. Or, when morning and evening mists rise slowly up from the meadow, veil the hill, and float off in hazy wreaths from its summit, he fancies f.a.gots and tar-barrels ablaze on the esplanade, and the beauteous Lady Glammis, with her white arms crossed on her breast, burning to death there, with eyes fixed on the windows of her husband"s prison. Scores of other women with "fayre bodies" were burned alive there; men, too, their lovers and sons,--all for a crime of which no human soul ever was or could be guilty. Poor, blinded, superst.i.tious earth, which heard and saw and permitted such things!
Even to-day, when the ground is dug up on that accursed esplanade, there are found the ashes of these martyrs to the witchcraft madness.
That grand old master-gunner, too, of Cromwell"s first following,--each sunset gun from the castle seemed to me in honor of his memory, and recalled his name. "May the devil blaw me into the air, if I lowse a cannon this day!" said he, when Charles"s men bade him fire a salute in honor of the Restoration. Every other one of Cromwell"s men in the garrison had turned false, and done ready service to the king"s officers; but not so Browne. It was only by main force that he was dragged to his gun, and forced to fire it. Whether the gun were old, and its time had come to burst, or whether the splendid old Puritan slyly overweighed his charge, it is open to each man"s preference to believe; but burst the gun did, and, taking the hero at his word, "shuites his bellie from him, and blew him quyte over the castle wall," says the old record. I make no doubt myself that it was just what the master-gunner intended.
Thirty years later there were many gunners in Edinburgh Castle as brave as he, or braver,--men who stood by their guns month after month, starving by inches and freezing; the snow lying knee-deep on the shattered bastions; every roof shelter blown to fragments; no fuel; their last well so low that the water was putrid; raw salt herrings the only food for the men, and for the officers oatmeal, stirred in the putrid water. This was the Duke of Gordon"s doing, when he vowed to hold Edinburgh Castle for King James, if every other fortress in Scotland went over to William. When his last hope failed, and he gave his men permission to abandon the castle and go out to the enemy, if they chose, not a man would go. "Three cheers for his grace," they raised, with their poor starved voices, and swore they would stay as long as he did. From December to June they held out, and then surrendered, a handful of fifty ghastly, emaciated, tottering men. Pity they could not have known how much grander than victories such defeats as theirs would read by and by!
Hard by the castle was the duke"s house, in Blair"s Close; in this he was shut up prisoner, under strict guard. The steps up which he walked that day, for the first time in his life without his sword, are still there; his coronet, with a deer-hound on either side, in dingy stone carving, above the low door. It is one of the doorways worth haunting, in Edinburgh. Generations of Dukes of Gordon have trodden its threshold, from the swordless hero of 1689 down to the young lover who, in George the Third"s day, went courting his d.u.c.h.ess, over in Hyndford"s Close, at the bottom of High Street. She was a famous beauty, daughter of Lady Maxwell; and thanks to one gossip and another, we know a good deal about her bringing-up. There was still living in Edinburgh, sixty years ago, an aged and courtly gentleman, who recollected well having seen her riding a sow in High Street; her sister running behind and thumping the beast with a stick. d.u.c.h.esses are not made of such stuff in these days. It almost pa.s.ses belief what one reads in old records of the ways and manners of Scottish n.o.bility in the first half of the eighteenth century. These Maxwells" fine laces were always drying in the narrow pa.s.sage from their front stair to their drawing-room; and their undergear hanging out on a pole from an upper window in full sight of pa.s.sers-by, as is still the custom with the poverty-stricken people who live in Hyndford"s Close.
On the same stair with the Maxwells lived the Countess Anne of Balcarres, mother of eleven children, the eldest of whom wrote "Auld Robin Gray." She was poor and proud, and a fierce Jacobite to the last. To be asked to drink tea in Countess Anne"s bedchamber was great honor. The room was so small that the man-servant, John, gorgeous in the Balcarres livery, had to stand snugged up to the bedpost. Here, with one arm around the post, he stood like a statue, ready to hand the teakettle as it was needed. When the n.o.ble ladies differed about a date or a point of genealogy, John was appealed to, and often so far forgot his manners as to swear at the mention of a.s.sumers and pretenders to baronetcies.