In 1892 a huge sperm whale rammed the rocks near Battle Harbor, where Dr. Grenfell now has one of his hospitals.
The whale evidently wondered why the rocks didn"t give way--for nearly everything else he encountered had collapsed when he b.u.t.ted into it.
He lunged once too often, and was left high, if not dry, on the beach.
They towed him into the harbor, a prize eighty feet in length, and proceeded to pump the oil out of him. From the head one hundred and forty gallons were taken. This oil in the whale"s head, which may be a third as big as his body, helps to float the great jawbones.
Of course the "blowing" of the whale is one of its most remarkable performances. A whale can stay below an hour, because he puts air into his blood by spouting about sixty times, the operation taking him about ten minutes.
Grenfell helped take to pieces a "sulphur-bottom" whale ninety-five feet long, supposed to weigh nearly 300,000 pounds. A boat could row into the mouth. The jawbone was nearly eighteen feet long. "It took four of us a whole afternoon, with axes and swords mounted on pike handles, to cut out one bone and carry it to our steamer." And in order to get back far enough to start cutting at the end, where the joint came, they "had to walk almost in the footsteps of Jonah."
The whale is the one animal that lives to a great age--and it is said whales have lived to be a thousand years old. A wolf is aged at twenty, a caribou or fox at fifteen. A personal acquaintance of the Doctor was a black-backed gull which had been in captivity for thirty-two years.
The timber-wolf, which elsewhere is so fierce an animal, is comparatively mild-mannered in Labrador, and Grenfell has found no record of these wolves attacking men, though in packs they have often followed the settlers to the doors of their houses.
There is nothing good to be said of the Labrador timber-wolf. Like the eggers of Audubon"s time, he seems to kill very often not for hunger"s sake but for the sheer love of killing animals that cannot fight back.
Often the bodies of deer are found with only the tongues and the windpipe torn out by the mean and cowardly slayer.
Sometimes the wolf bites the deer in the small of the back: or several wolves will stalk a caribou, some circling about to distract the attention of their prey while others creep up on it from behind.
The caribou are amiable and affectionate, and it is easy to tame them if they are taken in hand when they are young. They make very satisfactory pets.
Grenfell had one which went with him on his mission boat, like a dog or a cat.
If not taken ash.o.r.e, it would stand crying at the rail.
It would follow him about while on land, and swim after its master when Grenfell was in a rowboat.
In the field it would come running to be petted, and if left behind within the palings would stand up on its hind legs and try desperately to b.u.t.t its way out and follow the Doctor.
Sometimes the caribou has been successfully used to haul a sled.
The Labrador black bear is almost as harmless as the caribou.
Grenfell bought a cub, and in the winter-time gave him a barrel, to see if he would know what to do, having no mother to guide him.
The bear knew by instinct how to make himself a warm and cosy nest for his long winter sleep.
He found gra.s.s and moss, put them in the barrel, and trampled them down to make a padded lining such as a human being could hardly have bettered.
We all know the story of General Israel Putnam,--how he crawled into the wolf-den at Pomfret and shot a wolf "by the light of its own eyes." A trapper in Labrador, instead of crawling into a den where an animal lay, entered an empty lair, under a cliff. It seemed to have been made on purpose for campers.
He lit his small lantern, ate his supper, and then curled up as tidily as any four-footed tenant and fell asleep.
Like the bears in the fairy tale, who came back to find Goldilocks in the chair and then in the bed of one of them, the real owners of the cave appeared in the night.
The hunter was awakened suddenly by a noise like rolling thunder in the narrow entrance. He turned up his lamp, and the flare showed him a bear, so huge that it blocked the pa.s.sage-way.
Nimbly the hunter reached for his gun, and before the animal could do anything more than growl and threaten, a shot had tumbled him flat.
Shoving aside the body, the trapper went out into the cold starlight, for he knew that the mate of the slain beast might appear at any moment.
Sure enough, presently over the brow of the hill there shambled in black silhouette two more bears.
He took careful aim and fired and brought them both down.
The next time he makes a tour of his traps he probably will not choose a bear"s den for his night"s lodging. A bear that is harmless in the open may be excused for getting violent if he finds a man asleep in the very bed he fixed for himself.
Grenfell"s experience with bears for pets--he has tried to tame nearly everything animate from gulls to whales--was not so happy as with the caribou. He found that if "pigs is pigs," bears "remain bears, and are not to be trusted." He had two bear playmates for a long time, but when they hit out with their paws they dealt some "very nasty scratches," and what was fun for them was more serious for the tender pelt of a human being.
The wolverine lives by his wits.
He will turn over a trap and set it off before it can nip him.
He is the pest of the man who has fur traps, for he will go from trap to trap and grab whatever he finds therein.
He can climb trees and get meat which the owner thought was secure.
Sometimes when he is caught he will get away with the trap and chain still attached to his leg. He will even carry the trap in his mouth, to relieve the strain. Like Kipling"s Fuzzy Wuzzy in the Sudan, he has a great way of shamming dead. He may jump up and bite the hunter, or he may make a sudden dash for freedom. Can you blame him?
One of the most satisfactory creatures of all is the beaver. I remember a pair in a pond on the west coast of Newfoundland, at Curling, where a beaver colony had a fine big house they had built in a lake with a dam of their making at one end. I didn"t go into the house, which was mainly under water, but the male beaver evidently feared I would, and just as he dived he smartly slapped the water with his tail to give the danger signal to the lady who was placidly nosing about and grubbing for the roots of water-plants at the other side of the pond.
"Walking one day through thick wood," says Grenfell, "we came across a regular "pathway," the trees having been felled to make traveling easy. A glance at the stumps showed that it was a road cut by beavers, to enable them to drag their boughs of birch along more easily.
"The pathway led to a large house on the edge of a lake, and, fortunately for us, the beaver was at home. There were other houses on an island in the lake, and below them all a large, strong dam, some thirty yards long, and below this two more complete dams across the river that flowed out. The dams were made of large tree-trunks, with quant.i.ties of lesser boughs, and were many feet thick, and very difficult to break down. The houses were built half on land, half in the water. The sitting-room is up-stairs on the bank, and so is the "crew"s" bedroom, and the front door is made at least three feet below the surface to prevent being "frozen out" in winter, or, worse still, "frozen in."
"The whole house was neatly rounded off, and so plastered with mud as to be warm and weather-proof. This is done by means of their trowel-like tails, which are also of great use in swimming. The house was so strong that even with an axe we could not get in without very considerable delay.
"In the deep pond they had dammed up, we found a quant.i.ty of birch poles pegged out. The bark of these forms their winter food, and is called "browse." The beaver cuts off enough for dinner, and takes it into his house. Sitting up, he takes the stem in his fore paws, and rolls it round and round against his chisel-shaped incisor teeth, swallowing the long ribands of bark thus stripped off.... When surprised they retreat to holes in the bank, of which the entrances are hidden under water. These are called "hovels."
"Beavers always work up wind when felling trees, and cut them on the water side, so that they fall into the pond if possible, and the wind helps to blow them home. This beaver we caught proved to be a hermit--at least he was living alone. He may have been a widower of unusual constancy. They do not destroy fish, their food in summer being preferably the stems of the water-lilies. Otters occasionally kill and eat beavers. When they call, the beaver has to try and be "not at home.""
While the beaver evidently has strong feelings on the subject of the otter, who seems to be a burglar and a murderer, he apparently does not mind the lowly muskrat as a summer boarder, even though the latter does not pay for his lodging.
Of course the lord of the animate creation on land in the north--as the sperm whale is monarch of the sea--is the polar bear. Grenfell gives a most interesting account of this white king of beasts whom we properly pity on warm days as he lolls and pants by the soup-like water of his tank in one of our southern Zoos. The Doctor once saw a polar bear swimming three miles out at sea, headed, by a marvelous instinct, straight for the north. There was no convenient ice-pan floating near on which he might clamber for a snooze. This bear had been shot, and he floated high in the water, so that evidently his fat was a great help to him, enabling him to stay at sea as long as he pleased.
The polar bears wander from their native sh.o.r.es: they seem to enjoy travel, and when they sail south on pans of ice they are looking for that toothsome morsel, the seal.
If they cannot get seals, these bears devour the eggs of sea-birds on the islands.
When they swim after ducks, they hide under water, all but the nose: and since that nose is black, and therefore a telltale, they have been seen to bury it in the snow when creeping toward a seal-herd.
The polar bear stands a poor chance against a pack of lively and determined dogs.
They have reason to fear his huge paws and tearing claws until he tires, but he cannot face all ways at once, and if there are enough dogs the struggle soon becomes hopeless.
They are not fast enough to get away from the fleet smaller animals.
In the water, where they swim slowly and dive expertly, the fishermen may easily "do for them" with a blow from an axe or an oar. Though the polar bear has a fishy taste, the Eskimos relish the meat, and the prospect of a successful bear-hunt delights the savage breast.